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CRICOS Provider 00115M

CRICOS Provider 00115M

•  MDS1TRW:  The  Roman  World  •  Lecture  6    •  The  End  of  the  Republic:  Julius  Caesar  

The  end  of  the  Republic:  133-‐27  BCE    

1.  Poli=cal  and  civil  conflict  of  late  Republic  

2.  Julius  Caesar  

http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jmarks/Caesar/Caesar.html

133  BCE    

•  AEalus  III  of  Pergamum    

•  Tiberius  Gracchus  =  Tribune  of  the  People  (plebs)  

•  veto  power  •  T.  Gracchus’  Land  Bill  

http://sightseeingrome.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/portrait-of-gracchi-according-to.html

123  BCE    

•  Gaius  Gracchus  =  Tribune  of  the  People  (plebs)  

–  Grain  price  –  Extor=on  Courts  

•  equites  

–  Ci=zenship  Bill  

http://sightseeingrome.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/portrait-of-gracchi-according-to.html

Op=mates  and  Populares  

•  Op=mates:  senatorial  •  Populares:  people  

•  Lucius  Cornelius  Sulla    •  Gaius  Marius  

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sulla_Glyptothek_Munich_309_white_bkg.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius

GAIUS  MARIUS  

 •  105:  Gauls  •  Army  reform  •  Consul  107,  104-‐100,  86  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius

Rome  vs.  Italy  

•  Ci=zenship  Bill  •  91  Drusus  murdered  •  91-‐88  Social  War  •  vs.  socii    

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_image.aspx?image=ps297454.jpg&retpage=17508

Rome  vs.  Pontus  

•  Mithridates  VI  •  Sulla…  •  Sulpicius:  Marius        

Sulla  vs.  Marius  

  •  Proscrip=ons  •  Cinna  consul  87  •  Cinna  &  Marius  86  •  Sulla  dictator  82  •  New  cons=tu=on  81  

Sulla  dictator      

•  New  cons=tu=on  81  –  Tribunes  of  the  People  lose  veto  

–  Council  of  People  lose  legisla=ve  rights  

–  doubles  Senate    –  Extor=on  court  -‐>  senate  –  no  repeat  consulships  

Marcus  Licinius  Crassus    and  Gnaeus  Pompeius  

•  70  BCE  –  Tribunes  of  the  People  –  Extor=on  court  -‐>  2/3  equites  

 

http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/romanrev/18.shtml

http://antiquitatis.com/rome/biographies/bio_crassus.html

Pompeius  Magnus  ‘Pompey  the  Great’  

•  Pirates  • Mithridates  66  BCE    •  Triumph  62  BCE  

59  BCE:  Caesar’s  dilemma  Triumph  or  Consulship  

‘First  Triumvirate’  59  BCE  Caesar,  Pompey,  Crassus  

58-‐50  BCE:  Caesar  in  Gaul    

http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/acans/caesar/GallicWars.htm

Caesar  and  the  Gauls  

‘Vercingetorix  throws  his  arms  at  the  feet  of  Caesar’,    Lionel  Royer,  1899.  ©  Musée  CrozaNer,  Le-‐Puy-‐en-‐Velay  (by  permission)  

58-‐50  BCE:  Meanwhile  back  in  Rome  

Clodius  -‐  Tribune  of  the  People  -‐  grain  dole  

Triumvirate  -‐  renewed  56  -‐  Julia’s  death  54  -‐  Parthia:  Crassus  at  Carrhae  53  

Clodius  vs.  Milo  

http://www.iranchamber.com/history/parthians/parthians.php

49-‐45  Civil  War  

Crossing  Rubicon  -‐  49  Ilerda;  48  Pharsalus  -‐  48-‐7  Caesar  &  Cleopatra  -‐  46  Thapsus;  45  Munda  

 

http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/movies/2013/06/the-case-for-cleopatra.html

45  BCE  Caesar  -‐  perpetual  dictator  

•  Consul  •  Pon=fex  Maximus  •  imperator  •  toga  picta  •  statue  in  Temple  of  Romulus  

Caesar’s  murder  

• Ides  of  March,  44  BCE  • assassins    =  senators,  including  Brutus  and  Cassius  • Brutus  claimed  descent  from  founder  of  Republic  

http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/shakespeare/60secondshakespeare/themes_juliuscaesar.shtml

Denarius  depic=ng  Marcus  Iunius  Brutus    (assassin  of  Caesar  c.85-‐42BCE  ):  EID.MAR  

http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins/exhibitions/CoinOfTheMoment/Ides/

Caesar’s  murder:  akermath  

•   Victory  for  Republicans  •   Civil  war  between  assassins  and  Caesarians:  •   Marcus  Antonius  •   Octavianus  -‐  Caesar’s  heir:  

•   Gaius  Julius  Caesar  Octavianus  

http://www.qotd.org/search/search.html?aid=6310

http://filmscoremonthly.com/board/posts.cfm?threadID=96283&forumID=7&archive=0