me 4875/mte 575 - c16 introduction to nanomaterials and...
TRANSCRIPT
ME 4875/MTE 575 - C16
Introduction to
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Lecture 2 - Applications of Nanomaterials + Projects
1
Project
2
• Teams of 4 students each
• Literature review of one application of nanotechnology
• Prepare a report (detailed)
• Prepare a poster (summary)
• Poster session on last three days of class
Project Content
3
• How does the application work?
• Why is a nanomaterial needed?
• Which nanomaterial is/could be used?
• What are the unique size-dependent properties of
the nanomaterial?
• How is the nanomaterial made?
• How is the nanomaterial
imaged/measured/characterized?
Poster Session
4
Team 1
Team
2
Team 3
Team
4
Team 5 Team 6
Team 7
Team 8
Team
10 Team 9
Team 12
Team 11
• 4-5 groups will present per session, all other groups will rotate from poster to
poster as the audience
• Each group will present 4-5 times
• 5 minutes of oral presentation
• 5 minutes of question/answers
• Audience: Prof, and other groups Team 1
Team
2
Team 3
Team
4
Team 5 Team 6
Team 7
Team 8
Team
10Team 9
Team 12
Team 11
• Literature Databases -
– WPI provides on-campus access to scientific papers from most journals
– Search scientific papers across a wide range of disciplines using
• Webofknowledge.com
• Google Scholar
• Different ways to search
– Title, topic, Boolean, exact phrases
• Different ways to filter
– Number of citations, date published, relevance
• Cite Literature, make sure not to plagiarize
– Names of authors, article title, journal name, issue, volume and page numbers, year
• Recommend using a bibliographic software such as Endnote to manage citations easily
• Each team member should read and cite ~5 highly relevant papers for the project 5
Resources for Literature Review
• Poster template will be provided on myWPI
• Keep it simple, clear and well-organized
• More graphics, less text
• Poster printing services - Academic Technology Center's front desk
located in Fuller Labs, Room 117
• 36” x 48” on glossy paper
• Cost ~ $28 ($7 per team member)
6
Poster Resources
7
physical
melting point depression
size-dependent phase stability
electronic
quantum confinement of electrons
quantum tunneling
depletion layer effects
optical
band gap tuning
multiple exciton, hot carrier
plasmonics
photonic crystals
heat
phonon transport
mechanical
nanoscale grains, dislocation motion
superelasticity in nanowires
chemical
increased reactivity of nanoparticles
Solar cells
Optical fibers
Optical coatings and filters
Metamaterials
Computing
Memory
Electronics
Sensors
Thermoelectrics
Insulators
Lightweight, strong, tough
materials
Highly reactive yet cheap catalysts
new compounds only possible
at nanoscale
Nano Properties/Applications
many of these are in the research stage only
Project Topics
8
1. Solar Cells
2. Batteries
3. Structural Materials
4. Thermoelectrics
5. Computing (transistors)
6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)
7. Drug delivery
8. Biological Sensing
(In no particular order)
9. Chemical Sensing
10. Catalysis
11. Energetic Materials
12. Piezoelectrics
13. Robotics
14. Photonics
15. Coatings
• Quantum dot solar cells
• Band gap tuning
• Multiple exciton generation
• Hot-carrier collection
• Efficient carrier collection
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 1 2 3 4
Sp
ec
tral Ir
rad
ian
ce
(W
/m2/n
m)
Photon Energy (eV)
CdSe quantum dots
Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2011, 40, 1512-1546
Solar Cells
10
C. K. Chan and Y. Cui, Nature Nanotechnology 3, 31 (2008).
Li insertion Fundamental battery parameters:
- Energy density
- Power density
- Cycle life and safety
- Cost
Batteries
11 SCIENCE Vol 339, 2013
Structural Materials
DARPA
New material which exploits
super-elasticity of nanowires
12
Thermoelectric generators depend on materials with high electrical conductivity
but low thermal conductivity.
The ratio of electrical and thermal conductivity of a material can be tuned by
shaping it as a nanowire, in which heat-carrying phonons are scattered off the
rough sidewalls
Hochbaum et al. Nature, 2007
4 nm 10
μm
smooth nanowires
rough nanowires
Thermoelectrics
13
• Limitations of conventional silicon MOSFETs
• New devices: Single electron transistors,
tunneling junctions, nanocrystal, nanowire,
nanotube, atomic layer transistors.
Al
Top
Gate
HfO2
SiO2
S D
Conventional MOSFET
Nanocrystal transistor
Nanotube transistors
Computing (Transistors)
Atomic layer transistors
14
IEEE Spectrum
Quantum-mechanical phenomena of electron tunneling and spin-
dependent electron tunneling are used to make high-performance
computer memories such as flash and MRAM.
These devices rely on the ability to make layered materials with highly
controlled nanoscale thicknesses.
Nature Physics 4, 17 - 18 (2008)
Computer Memory
15
Drug Delivery
• micelles
• nanoparticles
• magnetic nanoparticles
Targeted drug delivery using:
16
Biological Sensing
• nanoparticle contrast agents
• carbon nanotube fluorescent
sensors
• many others
Michael Strano, MIT
17
0 2000
1400
800
1200
1000
Time (s)
Co
nd
uct
ance
(n
S)
5
4
3
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
5
8
7 6
4000
pH
Chemical Sensing
conductive core depletion layer
18
Catalysis
gold nanoparticles
nanostructured MoS2
nanostructuring increases surface area, but also
increases reactivity per unit surface area!
19
Energetic Materials
Example: 2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + 3Cu + lots of heat
• directional propulsion
• nano-actuators
20
Z.L. Wang and Song, Science 312 (2006)
Vs>0 (Vs )
Vs<0(Vs )
Vs=0
+
-
ZnO
Due to the ability of nanowires to undergo large elastic deformations, piezoelectric
materials in the form of nanowires could be used to convert mechanical energy to
electrical energy with higher efficiency than bulk materials.
Z. L. Wang, Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (3)
AC generator based on piezoelectric ZnO nanowires
Piezoelectrics
Robotics
21
Alex Zettl
2-stroke carbon nanotube motor
Bio-inspired flagellum motors
Photonics
22
photonic crystals
plasmonics
metamaterials
(invisibility cloaks)
Coatings
23
superhydrophobicity
super-adhesion
anti-reflection
Project Topics (again)
24
1. Solar Cells
2. Batteries
3. Structural Materials
4. Thermoelectrics
5. Computing (transistors)
6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc)
7. Drug delivery/Nanomedicine
8. Biological Sensing
(In no particular order)
9. Chemical Sensing
10. Catalysis
11. Energetic Materials
12. Piezoelectrics
13. Robotics
14. Photonics
15. Coatings
How to Rank Topics
25
• Fill out your preferences on myWPI -
– ‘Course Materials’ > ’Project Resources’
• Rank topics from 1-15, with your most preferred topic as # 1 (rate all)
• Be adventurous
• Preferences due by midnight on Tuesday, Jan 19
• I will match preferences to form the groups
• Groups and presentation day will be announced on Friday, Jan 22