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ME2402 Computer Integrated Manufacturing

TKSCT/Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME2402 COMPUTER INTEGRATED MENUFACTURING

Anna University Examination

Part-A (Questions & Answers)Nov/Dec 2011

1. List any four reasons for using a CAD system.

To increase the productivity of the designer

To improve the communication

To create a database for engineering

To improve the quality of design

2. What are the components of a CAD system?

Geometric modelling,

Design analysis and optimisation, Design review and evaluation,

Documentation and drafting

3. List any two benefits of CIM.

Tangible benefits Intangible benefits

Higher profits Improved customer service

Improved quality Greater Flexibility

Shorter time to market with new

products

Greater responsiveness

Shorter flow time Improved competitivenessShorter vendor lead time Safer working environment

Reduced inventory levels Higher employee morale

Improved schedule performance More opportunities for upgrading

skills

4. What are the various network topologies?

The five basic network topologies are: Star, Tree, Bus, Ring and

Hybrid.

5. State the role of GT in CAD/CAM integration.GT applications provide a common database for effective integration of

CAD and CAM, which leads to successful implementation of CIM. Foe the

effective integration of CAD and CAM, one needs to integrate the

information used by all the departments in a shop such as design,

manufacturing, quality, etc.,

Group technology provides a means to structure and save information

about parts, such as design and manufacturing attributes, processes, and

manufacturing capabilities that is amenable to computerization and

analysis. It provides a common language for the users. Integration of

many types of part - related information would be virtually impossible

without group technology; consequently, group technology is an

important element of CAD/CAM integration.

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6. List any two benefits of CAPP.

The benefits of implementing CAPP include the following:

Improved rationalization and standardization of plans

Increased productivity

Reduced time to production Increased integration of design and manufacturing

Elimination of human error

Reduced product cost

7. Mention any two methods used to collect data from the shop

floor.

1. Manual data input techniques

a. Job traveller

b. Employee time sheet

c.

Operation tear stripsd. Prepunched cards

2. Data collection terminals

a. Push button keyboards

b. Keyboard based terminals

3. Automated input techniques

a. Optical bar code readers

b. Magnetic card readers

c. Magnetised or bar-coded readers

8. Write any two applications of FMS.The applications of FMS are realised in the following areas:

Machining; Assembly; Forging; Sheet metal press working; Welding;

Plastic injection moulding; Textile machinery manufacturing and

Semiconductor component manufacture.

9. Define Lean manufacturing.

Lean manufacturing may be defined as an adaptation of mass

production in which workers and work cells are made more flexible and

efficient by adopting methods that reduce waste in all forms.

10. What are the components of DDC?

1. Transducer, sensors and associated instrumentation.

2. Actuators (Process interface devices)

3. Digital computer

4. Analog-to-digital convertor (ADC)

5. Digital-to- Analog convertor (DAC)

6. Input and output multiplexers

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May/June 2012

1. What are the drawing features of CAD package?

Geometric modelling features

Editing or manipulation features

Display control features

Drafting features

2. What are the advantages of solid modelling?

Mass properties of physical model can be calculated easily.

Solid models are unambiguous models.

Cross sectional views of model can be easily found.

It can be used for interference/clearance checking of moving parts.

3. What is the difference between automation and CIM?

Automation may be defined as the process of having machines follow a

predetermined sequence of operations with little or no human labour,using specialised equipment and devices that perform and control

manufacturing processes.

CIM is the automated version of manufacturing process where the three

major manufacturing functions: product design and process design;

production planning and control; and production process- are replaced by

the automated technologies. CIM represents the logical evaluation of the

automation concept.

4. What is meant by asynchronous data transfer?

In asynchronous data transfer, data is sent one byte (or character) at atime. Each string of bits making up the byte is bracketed, or marked off,

with special control bits.

5. Mention the benefits of GT.

Reduce part proliferation

Help design standardization

Provide manufacturing feed back

Reduce lead time

Reduce delays

Reduce set-up time

Improve product quality

Increased productivity

Improved accuracy in estimation of costs

Greater standardization and variety reduction

Reduced set up times

Better product delivery (Helps to implement just-in-time (JIT)

manufacturing)

Reduced cost of purchasing

Improved plant efficiency

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6. What is CAPP?

CAPP refers to computer aided process planning. CAPP is used to

overcome the drawbacks of manual process planning. CAPP is the

application of computer to assist the human process planer in the process

planning function.

7. List the different stages of shop floor control.

1. Order release

2. Order scheduling, and

3. Order Progress.

8. State the functions of computer control system of FMS.

The functions that are performed by the FMS computer control system

includes:

1. Workstation/ processing station control,

2.

Distribution of control instructions to workstations,3. Production control,

4. Material handling system control.

9. Define Agile manufacturing.

Agile manufacturing is an enterprise level manufacturing strategy of

introducing new products into rapidly changing markets, and an

organisational ability to thrive in a competitive environment

characterised by continuous and sometimes unforeseen changes.

10. What are the inputs to MRP system?1. Master production Schedule

2. Bill of materials file, and

3. Inventory record file.

Nov/Dec 2012

1. What is meant by geometry and topology?

Geometry is concerned with size, shape, and relative position of figures.

Topology is a branch of geometry that concerns only connectness (i.e.,

connectivity of edges, vertices, etc.)

2. List any four rules of dimensioning.1. Dimensions should be placed in views where the features

dimensioned are shown true shape.

2. Dimensioning to hidden lines should be avoided wherever

possible.

3. Dimensioning should not be duplicated.

4. Each dimension should be so clearly so that it can be interpret in

only one way.

3. Mention the benefits of CIM.

Refer Nov/Dec 2011 Part-A Question No: 3

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4. Differentiate between LAN model and MAN model.

A local area network (LAN) is a privately owned communications

network used within a geographical area.

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a communication network

covering a geographic area the size of city or suburb.

5. What is meant by monocode and polycode structures?

Hierarchical structure (or mono-code), in which the interpretation of

each successive symbol depends on the value of the preceding symbols.

Whereas the chain-type structure (or poly-code), the interpretation of

each successive symbol does not depend on the preceding symbols & the

symbol in the sequence is always the same.

6. List out the techniques available for the formation of cell in GT.

1. Part Family grouping

a.

Classification and codingb. Cluster analysis

2. Machining grouping

a. Cluster analysis

b. Graph theory

c. Combinational analysis

3. Machine-part family grouping

a. PFA

b. Rank order clustering

7. Difference between dedicated FMS and random order FMS. A dedicated FMS is designed to produce a limited variety of part

configurations. A random order FMS is more flexible and capable of

producing large variety of parts.

8. State the purpose of primary and secondary material handling

system.

The primary material handling system establishes the basic layout of the

FMS and is responsible for moving work-parts between workstations in

the system.

The secondary material handling system transfer work parts from the

primary system to the machine tools or other processing stations.

9. Write down the three phases of SFC.

Order release;

Order scheduling; and

Order progress.

10. What is meant by procurement lead time?

The procurement lead time is the interval between the initiation of

procurement action and the receipt into the supply system of the material

procured.

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May/June 2013

1. Distinguish between reflection and scaling transformation.

Scaling an object tends to change its size and repositions the object

relative to the coordinate origin.

Reflection is a transformation in which the direction of one axis is

reversed and it produces a mirror image of an object.

2. What is sculptured surface?


3. What is communication network? List its types.

A communication network is a collection of equipment and physical

media that interconnects two or more computers.

Types may be internal or external communication.

4. What is MAP model?MAP is manufacturing automation protocol and these standards are

essentially an application specific subset of the ISO protocols designed to

meet the needs of factory automation.

5. What is main difference between Hierarchical codes and

attribute codes structures?


6. What is CMPP system?

The CMPP stands for Computer Managed process planning and is acommercial generative process planning system capable of automatically

making process decisions.

7. Distinguish between on-line and off-line data collection systems.

In an online system, the data are entered directly into the plant

computer system and are immediately available to the order progress

module.

In an offline data collection system, the data are collected temporarily

in a storage device or in a standalone computer system to be entered and

processed by plant computer in a batch mode.

8. List some important advantages of implementing FMS.

1. Increased machine utilization.

2. Reduced inventory.

3. Reduced manufacturing lead time.

4. Greater flexibility in production scheduling.

5. Improved product quality.

9. What do you mean by fixed order quality model?

Q model or EOQ model is the inventory system to determine how

much quantity to order and when to order. In this system, the size of theorder (order quantity) is predetermined and fixed, but the time of its

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placement (ordering time) is allowed to vary depending upon the

fluctuation in demand.

10. What is direct digital control?

DDC is a computer process control system in which certain

components in a conventional analog control system are replaced by thedigital computer.

Nov/Dec 2013

1. What are the advantages to be gained by the adaptation of CAD?

Increased design productivity.

Shorter lead time.

Flexibility in design.

Improved design analysis.

Fewer design errors.

Greater accuracy in design calculation. Better visualization of drawings.

Faster new products design.

Standardization of design, drafting and documentation procedures.

2. Specify the range of applications for which typical geometric

modelling information is used.

Process planning, tool design, production planning, and CNC

programming, inspection, assembly, costing and vendor development

3. Differentiate IGES and GKS graphics standards.GKS (Graphical Kernel System) is an ANSI and ISO standard.GKS

standardizes two-dimensional graphics functionality at a relatively low

level.

IGES stands for INITIAL GRAPHICS EXCHANGE

SPECIFICATION. IGES is a popular data exchange standard.

4. Differentiate Modulation and Demodulation.


5. Explain OPTIZ coding system.

This classification and coding system was developed by H. Opitz in

1970 at Aachen Technology University in West Germany. The coding

system uses the following digital sequence:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D

The basic code consists of nine digits that can be extended by

additional four digits. The first five digits are called the form code and

indicate the design or the general appearance of the part and hence assist

in design retrieval.

Later, 4 more digits were added to the coding scheme, in order to

increase the manufacturing information of the specific work part. These

last four digits are also called supplementary code. All four are integers,and respectively represent: Dimensions, Material, Original shape of raw

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stock, and Accuracy of the work part.

The extra four digits, A, B, C, and D, called the secondary code, are

used by the specific organization to include those characters that are

specific to the organization.

6. Define Group Technology.Group Technology is a manufacturing philosophy that exploits

similarities in the design, fabrication, and assembly attributes of

products. GT is a manufacturing philosophy in which similar parts are

identified and grouped together to take advantage of their similarities in

manufacturing and design.

7. Mention the importance of SFC systems.

Shop floor control deals with managing the work-in-process. This

consists of the release of production orders to the factory, controlling the

progress of the orders through the various work stations, and getting thecurrent information of the status of the orders.

8. What are the inputs and outputs of MRP?

Inputs to MRP system

1. Master production Schedule

2. Bill of materials file, and

3. Inventory record file.

Outputs to MRP system

1. Order release notice.

2.

Report of planned order releases.3. Cancellation notices.

4. Exception reports.

9. Describe CIM data transmission methods.

1. Serial data transmission

a. Synchronous data transfer

b. Asynchronous data transfer

2. Parallel data transmission

10. List different types of production monitoring systems.

1.

Data Acquisition systems.2. Data Logging systems, and

3. Multilevel scanning.

REFERANCES

01. (R1) Groover, M. P., CAD/CAM Computer Aided design and Manufacturing,

Prentice-Hall of India, 1998.

02. (R2) Groover, M. P., Automation, Production system and CIM, Prentice-Hall

of India, 1998.

03. (R3) K.Lalit Narayan., Malkarjuna Rao. M., Sarcar. M. M. M., Computer Aided design and Manufacturing, Prentice-Hall of India, 2000.

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