meaning of system
TRANSCRIPT
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
HISTORY OF SYSTEM
In 1824 French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot studied the system which he called the working substance, i.e. typically a body of water vapor, in steam engines,
In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term "working body" when referring to the system.
One of the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. In 1945 introduced models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or 'forces' between them.
Significant development to the concept of a system was done by Norbert Wiener and Ross Ashby who pioneered the use of mathematics to study systems. In the 1980s the term complex adaptive system was coined at the interdisciplinary by John H. Holland, Murray Gell-Mann and others.
MEANING OF SYSTEM
A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network, a complex whole
ORA set of principles or procedures according to which something is done, an organized scheme or method
ORA set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent elements (components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.).
These elements continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of the system.
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
All systems have (a)inputs, outputs and feedback mechanisms, (b)maintain an internal steady-state (called
homeostasis) despite a changing external environment,
(c)display properties that are different than the whole (called emergent properties) but are not possessed by any of the individual elements, and
(d)have boundaries that are usually defined by the system observer
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM
Following are considered as the elements of a system 1. Input2. Output3. Processor4. Control5. Feedback6. Boundary and interface7. Environment
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
Systems stop functioning when an element is removed or changed significantly. Together, they allow understanding and interpretation of the universe as a meta-system of interlinked wholes, and organize our thoughts about the world.
Although different types of systems (from a cell to the human body, soap bubbles to galaxies, ant colonies to nations) look very different on the surface, they have remarkable similarities
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM
DR. GOVIND SINGH BHADAURIA M.TECH, Ph.D
MEANING OF SYSTEM