meaningful making (27 may 2016)
TRANSCRIPT
MeaningfulMakingDr.CliffordChoy
SchoolofDesign,TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity
27May2016
Making
• Turningideasintotangible/perceivableform
• Materials,Tools,Processes• Notmerelyaboutproductionandfabrication,butalsoinvolvesself-learning,problem-solving,exploration,experimentationandcriticalthinking
• Learn,create,share• Do-it-yourself(DIY)withothers
• Notjustinlocalcommunitiesinolddays,butthroughInternettocollaboratewithpeoplearoundtheworld
• Do-it-yourself(DIY)withtechnology• Notjustwithhandtools,butwithdigitally-enabledtools
Make=DIYwithTechnology
• Materials,components,modules,systems
http://www.engadget .com/2012/03/08/softkin etic-brings-depthsense-range-sensor-to-gdc-hopes-to-put/
MakerMovement
• Growing culture of hands-on making, creating, designing and innovating
• Despite its diversity [in makers’ interests], the movement is unified by a shared commitment to open exploration, intrinsic interests and creative ideas
• When I talk about the maker movement, I make an effort to stay away from the word “inventor” – most people just don’t identify themselves that way. “Maker”, on the other hand, describes each one of us no matter how we live our lives, or what our goals might be.
Peppler, K., Bender, S. (2013) Maker movement spreads innovation one project at a time. Kappan, v95, N3, pp22-27. Retrieved from http://www.kyliepeppler.com/Docs/2013_Peppler_Maker_Movement.pdf
Dougherty, D. (2012). The Maker Movement. Innovations, v7, n3, pp11-14
“making”
TheExperiential Learning Cycle [KolbandKolb,2005]
Kolb, A.,Kolb, D.(2005, May15)TheKolbLearning StyleInventory– Version3.12005 Technical Specifications. Retrieved fromhttp://learningfromexperience.com/media/2010/08/tech_spec_lsi.pdf
Why“Making” isImportant?(1)
• Re-connectustothematerialworld
Crawford,M.(2006).ShopClassasSoulcraft.TheNewAtlantis.Retrieved fromhttp://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/shop-class-as-soulcraft
Skilled manual labor entails a systematic encounter with the material world, precisely the kind of encounter that gives rise to natural science.
This history provides a nice illustration of a point made by Aristotle:
Lack of experience diminishes our power of taking a comprehensive view of the admitted facts. Hence those who dwell in intimate association with nature and its phenomena are more able to lay down principles such as to admit of a wide and coherent development; while those whom devotion to abstract discussions has rendered unobservant of facts are too ready to dogmatize on the basis of a few observations.
Why“Making” isImportant?(2)
• Sustainability• Consumeless,producemore• Locallyproduce,locallyconsume• Self-sustainablecommunityandcity(e.g.FabCity,MakerCity)
• Maintainlocalandglobalviews• Empowerment
• Whatcanbeimagined,canbemade• “…seethepromiseofbeingthemakersofthings,andnotjusttheconsumersofthings”(Obama,2009)
• Daretothinkbig,daretoexploreunknown• “CanwebuildcarsinHK?”“CanwebuildplanesinHK?”“CanwedospaceexplorationinHK?”“CanweturnHKintoaself-sufficientcity?”
Obama,B.(2009).RemarksbythePresidentonthe“EducationtoInnovate”campaign.[Pressrelease].Washington,DC:WhiteHouseOfficeofthePressSecretary.www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-presidenteducation-innovate-campaign
AttributesdevelopedthroughMaking
• Tinkering,hacking• Hands-onapproachinlearningbydoing• ExplorationandExperimentation• Cross-disciplinarity• Learningthroughpeerandcommunity• Collaboration• Skills,craftsmanship,patience• Learningthroughsharingtocommunity• “can-do”mindset• Livewithfailures
Executive Office of the President, The White House, Washington (2014, June) Building a Nation of Makers: Universities and Colleges in Pledge to Expand Opportunities to Make. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/building_a_nation_of_makers.pdf
WhyPolyU Design?• “Everyonedesignswhodevisescoursesofactionaimedatchangingexistingsituationsintopreferredones.”
• “…design…makesideastangible,it[design]takesabstractthoughtsandinspirationsandmakessomethingconcrete.”
• Designersthinkthroughmaking
• Moremeaningfulifmakingisassociatedwithpeople,notjustmakingforthesakeofmaking
(Herbert Simon,1981,ascitedbyJohnHesket,2009)
(MatHunter,2014)
Heskett, J.(2009).Creating Economic ValuebyDesign.International Journal ofDesign,v3,n1.Retrieved from:http://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/477/243Hunter, M(2014)WhatisDesign andWhyitmatters?Retrieved on5May2015fromhttp://www.thecreativeindustries.co.uk/uk-creative-overview/news-and-views/view-what-is-design-and-why-it-matters
http://www.thecreativeindustries.co.uk/uk-creative-overview/news-and-views/view-what-is-design-and-why-it-matters
“making”
Analysis-Synthesis Bridge Model (Dubberly and Evenson, 2011)
Dubberly, H., Evenson, S. (2011) Design as Learning - or 'Knowledge Creation' - the SECI Model. Interactions. Jan+Feb 2011, pp 75-79. Retrieved from https://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/january-february-2011/design-as-learning-or-knowledge-creation-the-seci-model1
“making”
MeaninginMaking
• “Making”shouldbebasedonintrinsicinterests• Howtomakeitmeaningfultostudentswhenmaking?• Howtodeveloptheirabilitiesto“empathize”?
• FourLevelsofMaking:• Makingforself
• Fun,self-use,solveyourownproblem,…• Makingforsomeoneyouarefamiliar
• Foryourbestfriend,foryourparents,…• Makingforothers
• Foryourclassmates,foryourneighbors,…• Makingforsocialgood
• Fordisadvantagedgroup,forlocalcommunity,forsustainability, forchange,….
STEM/STEAM
• KnowledgefromScience,Technology,Engineering,ArtandMathematics(STEAM)tosupportmaking
• Science– e.g.understandingofpropertiesofmaterials• Technology– e.g.availabilityoftools(hardware,software,…)andprocesses• Engineering– e.g.programming,electronics,CAD• Art– e.g.aesthetics,form,shape• Mathematics– e.g.simulations,algorithms
• “Making”providesanengagingwayforindividualtolearnandapplySTEAMknowledge
Howtomake?Whatcanbemade?
Whattomake?Whytomake?
ConceptualstrategytopromoteDesignthruMaking
• Knowingpossibilities withpersonalanddigital fabrication technologies (strengthandlimitations witheach”technology”,whatcanbedonebycombiningmultipleofthose)
• Develop tacitknowledge inusingdifferentmaterials, tools,processes
• Understanding“users”,identifyingopportunities• Evaluate, identifyissuesandimprove
STEM/STEAM
Design
InfrastructuretoSupportMaking
• Space,tools,machines• Tinkerspace, Makerspace, Hackerspace, FabLab• Traditional tools• DigitalFabrication lab, techshop• Software (e.g.Blender,GIMP,Rhino, …)
• Materials,kits,platforms• E.g.MaterialResourceCentre(PolyU JCIT5-th floor)
(http://www.sd.polyu.edu.hk/en/j.c.-innovation-tower/material-resource-centre), Strawbees (www.strawbees.com), Arduino
• Learningresources• Blogs, tutorials, discussion forums, youtube, ….• E.g.Instructables, Adafruits, Stackoverflow, …
• Sharingandcollaborativeplatforms• Git,WordPress, Google doc,Google hangout, YouTube, Vimeo,…
• Eventsforsharingofknowledge• Exhibitions, science fair,fun fair,MakerFaire
Makerspace,Hackerspace,FabLab
• Aspaceforallpeopletocometoaccesstotools,usuallyunderamembershipsystem,andmayhavemembershipfee
• Organizeworkshops/seminarsforknowledgesharing• Attracttalentsandthosewhoarewillingtolearn• Promotephysicalinteractions,exchangeofknowledgeandideas,collaborations
• Acommunityofpracticeofmakers,whichinturnattractspeoplewhowouldliketogethelpfrommakers(e.g.thoserepresentlocalneeds)
• NOTASPACETOSHOW-OFFEXPENSIVEEQUIPMENTS!!!
SomeUseCasesforMakerspace/Fab Lab
• Talk,demo,workshop• Differenttypesofprivilegeandabilitiesformembers• Scrapmaterialsforotherstouse• Volunteerswillingtoworkinexchangeforfreeuse• Cometoexploreandhavefun,maybenewcomers,maybemembers• Cometolookforcollaborators• Wanttoprototypeforapotentiallycommercializableproduct• Wanttosharewhattheyhavelearned,and/orhavemade
Fab Labs
• FabLabprogramfromNeilGershenfeld,CentreofBitsandAtoms,MIT
• Since2002• Morethan672registeredworldwide,someinruralareas,asof28May2016• Asmallscaleworkshoptosupportdigitalfabrication• Provideaphysicalhubforpeopletomeet• Provideanonlinehubforpeopletocontributeknowledgeandshareideas
Labelec, S.A. (2010) International Benchmarking Study on the Functioning of FABLAB – Proposal for a Business Model. Technical Report no 836/10-MT. Metrology Department, EDP. Retrieved from http://www.fablabedp.edp.pt/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/Benchmarking%20report.pdf
Makerspace/Hackerspace/Fab LabinHK
• Fewprivatelyrun(DimSum Lab,LabbyDimension+,MakerBay),morecoming
• Compareto>200inShenZhen• 2FabLabsinShenZhen
• 0FabLabinHK!!
MakerFaire
• Afamily-friendlyfestivalofinvention,creativityandresourcefulness• Formakerstogather,showwhattheyhavemadeandsharewhattheyhavelearned
• Todemonstratewhat ispossible• Toexchangeknowledgeandideas• Toinspire
• Partofsciencefair,partoffunfair• Youcanperform/demonstrate“crazy”things
• NOT“BookFair”,“ComputerFair”,“Animation-ComicandGameFair”inHongKong• NOTatradefairdominatedbytraditionalsalesandmarketing
• NOTaninventionshow,NOTatechnologyexpo• NOTacompetition
MakerFaire
• FirstlaunchinBayArea,USA,in2006• In2014,119independently-producedMiniand14FeaturedMakerFaires aroundtheworld,includingTokyo,Rome,Detroit,OsloandShenzhen
• 215,000peopleattendedthetwoflagshipMakerFaires intheBayAreaandNewYorkin2014
• PromoteSTEAM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Art,Mathematics)education
WhatdoyouexpectinMakerFaire?
• Makersshow-and-telltheirworks/projects• Presentation• Demonstration/Performance• Hands-onactivities• Workshops
SupportsThreeBroadStagesofMakers
• ZerotoMaker• Arouseinterestofthosewithnoexperienceinmakingtobecomeamaker• InMakerFaire: Throughhands-onactivities,throughworkshops,throughinspiringtalks,throughinspiringworksfromothermakers
• MakertoMaker• Sharingofknowledgebetweenmakers• Collaborateandaccesstoothers’expertise• Worktogetheronsharedplatforms• InMakerFaire: Throughshow-and-telltheirprojects,throughofferinghands-onactivitiesandorganizingworkshops,throughinteractwithvisitorsandothermakers
• MakertoMarket• Somecreationsofmakershavecommercialappealandgetintothemarket• InMakerFaire: Throughpresentingtheirjourneytoothermakers,throughcollectingfeedbacksfromvisitorsontheircreations
Hagel, J. Brown, J,, Kulasooriya, D. (2014) A Movement in the Making. Deloitte University Press. Retrieved from http://dupress.com/articles/a-movement-in-the-making/
SomeFactsonMakerFaireHongKong2015
• www.makerfairehongkong.com
• Morethan200makersparticipated• Morethan170exhibits/activities/workshops/talksshow-cased/delivered• Estimated15,000perdayonaveragevisited
• 4localprimaryschools,8localsecondaryschools,and1internationalschoolparticipated;moreschoolsareinterestedandwilljoinnextyear
• MakerscomefromHK,Taiwan,mainlandChina,Japan,France,Barcelona,UK
• Fromembroiderytorobotics,fromamateur/hobbyiststoprofessionals
Someobservations
• MostHKpeoplehavenoconceptona“fair”duringwhichpeoplesharetheirworksandknowledge
• Generalimpression- “Fair”isaboutsellingthingsonly• Wehavemakerswhoaregoodatcraftsandwouldliketoapplytechnology,butdon’tknowhow.Wehavemakerswhoaregoodintechnology,butdon’tknowhowtheycanbeusedtocreateobjectswhichareusefulandappealing.
• ManyteachershavedifficultiesinunderstandingwhytheyhavetoparticipateinMakerFaire
• Thisisnotacompetition.Whyjoin?Whatbenefits?Whattheymaygain?• Manyteachersdonottalktothoseindifferentdisciplines• Manyteachersdonotknowwhatis“Design”(thoughtthatitisaboutmakingthingsprettier),andhaven’theardof“DesignThinking”
http://www.protospace.nl/fabmoments/rolbox
http://www.protospace.nl/fabmoments
http://fablab.waag.org/how-to-document
60
Projecttitle:“ProjectPositivePlay”- Pleasurable Experience forPromotingPositiveEmotional QualitywithConfidence andSustainableDevelopment ofDisableKids
Hong- 13yearoldboy Fong- 7yearoldgirl
DesignforHumanities
Support
• Fromschooloftargetusers• Speechtherapist• Rehabilitationspecialists• Interviewswithtargetusers• Observationsoftargetusersinschool• Prototyping,evaluationandfeedbacks
• FromPolyUDesign• Ergonomics,limitationsoffunctioning• Physicalcomputing
KeyIssuesandLearning
• Physicaldisabilitieslimittheirabilitytoplay,whichlimittheirabilitytoexploreandhencetolearn
• Existingtoyscannotfulfilltheirneeds• Difficultforthemtoplaywithothers,andwithothermorecapablestudents
• Developtheirabilitiestousetheircontrollerscangreatlyimproveaccessibilitytoinformation,henceplayfulactivitiesshouldhelpthemtodeveloptheseabilities
DesignforVisuallyImpaired
• In2013,supportedbyTheHongKongSocietyfortheBlind(www.hksb.org.hk)
• In2015,supportedbyHongKongNetworkforthePromotionofInclusiveSocietyLtd(http://www.inclusive.org.hk/)
Support
• Fromsupportingorganization• TalksonVisualImpairment• DemonstrationsandInterviews• Observations• Simulations• Prototyping,evaluationsandfeedbacks
• FromPolyUDesign• Designprocess• Experiencemap
KeyIssuesandLearning
• MisconceptiononwhatcanbeachievedbyVIpersonsandhowtheysolvetheirdailyproblemsaffectourabilitytodesign
• iPhoneandothermobiledevices(andinformationtechnology)offergreathelptoVIpersonsinaccessingtoinformation
• Brailleisdifficulttolearn,anddon’texpectallVIpersonscanreadbraille• ManyVIpersonsarenotbornblind,andmoreimportantinHKtoallowthosewhobecomevisuallyimpairedinadulthoodtoadapt
• Theypreferaslittlehelpfromothersaspossible• Howcantheytravelalone?Howcantheyshop?Howcantheytakepublictransport?
Questions
• Canamakerspacewithanappropriatelymixofmakershelptodesignforcertaindisadvantagedgroups?
• Howtoconcentratethoseknowledgeaslearnedfromthespecificcontext?
• Possibletoengagethosewhoarefamiliarwithdisadvantagedgroupsinmakerspace,withmakerstohelpthemsolvetheirproblems?
• Socialinnovation!!!
Thanks
Welcomeanysuggestionsemail:[email protected]
Slidesavailablefrom:http://www.slideshare.net/cliffordchoy9/meaningful-making-
27-may-2016