measurement college chemistry stating a measurement in every measurement there is a number followed...
TRANSCRIPT
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Measurement
College Chemistry
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Stating a Measurement
In every measurement there is a
¨ Number followed by a
¨ Unit from a measuring device
The number should also be as precise as the measurement!
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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Use SI units — based on the metric system
Length
Mass
Volume
Time
Temperature
Meter, m
Kilogram, kg
Seconds, s
Celsius degrees, ˚Ckelvins, K
Liter, L
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Mass vs. Weight
• Mass: Amount of Matter (grams, measured with a BALANCE)
• Weight: Force exerted by the mass, only present with gravity (pounds, measured with a SCALE)
Can you hear me now?
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Some Tools for Measurement
Which tool(s) would you use to measure:A. temperatureB. volumeC. timeD. weight
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Learning Check
Match L) length M) mass V) volume
____ A. A bag of tomatoes is 4.6 kg.
____ B. A person is 2.0 m tall.
____ C. A medication contains 0.50 g Aspirin.
____ D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.
M
L
M
V
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Learning Check
What are some U.S. units that are used to measure each of the following?
A. length
B. volume
C. weight
D. temperature
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Metric Prefixes• Kilo- means 1000 of that unit
–1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)
• Centi- means 1/100 of that unit
–1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)
–1 dollar = 100 cents
• Milli- means 1/1000 of that unit
–1 Liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
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Metric Prefixes
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Metric Prefixes
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1. 1000 m = 1 ___ a) mm b) km c) dm
2. 0.001 g = 1 ___ a) mg b) kg c) dg
3. 0.1 L = 1 ___ a) mL b) cL c) dL
4. 0.01 m = 1 ___ a) mm b) cm c) dm
Learning Check
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Units of Length
• ? kilometer (km) = 500 meters (m)
• 2.5 meter (m) = ? centimeters (cm)
• 1 centimeter (cm) = ? millimeter (mm)
• 1 nanometer (nm) = 1.0 x 10-9 meter
O—H distance =9.4 x 10-11 m9.4 x 10-9 cm0.094 nm
O—H distance =9.4 x 10-11 m9.4 x 10-9 cm0.094 nm
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Learning Check
Select the unit you would use to measure 1. Your height
a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers
2. Your mass a) milligrams b) grams c) kilograms
3. The distance between two cities a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers
4. The width of an arterya) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers
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Temperature Scales• Fahrenheit• Celsius• Kelvin
Anders Celsius1701-1744
Lord Kelvin(William Thomson)1824-1907
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Temperature Scales
Notice that 1 kelvin = 1 degree Celsius
Boiling point of water
Freezing point of water
Celsius
100 ˚C
0 ˚C
100˚C
Kelvin
373 K
273 K
100 K
Fahrenheit
32 ˚F
212 ˚F
180˚F
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Calculations Using Temperature
• Generally require temp’s in kelvins
•T (K) = t (˚C) + 273.15• Body temp = 37 ˚C + 273 = 310 K
• Liquid nitrogen = -196 ˚C + 273 = 77 K
• Generally require temp’s in kelvins
•T (K) = t (˚C) + 273.15• Body temp = 37 ˚C + 273 = 310 K
• Liquid nitrogen = -196 ˚C + 273 = 77 K
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Fahrenheit Formula – Honors Only
180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F 100°C 5°C 1°C
Zero point: 0°C = 32°F
°F = 9/5 °C + 32
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Celsius Formula – Honors Only
Rearrange to find T°C
°F = 9/5 °C + 32
°F - 32 = 9/5 °C ( +32 - 32)
°F - 32 = 9/5 °C
9/5 9/5
(°F - 32) * 5/9 = °C
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Temperature Conversions – Honors Only
A person with hypothermia has a body temperature of 29.1°C. What is the body temperature in °F?
°F = 9/5 (29.1°C) + 32 = 52.4 + 32
= 84.4°F
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Learning Check – Honors Only
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F. What is that temperature in °C? 1) 73.8 °C 2) 58.8 °C3) 41.0 °C
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Learning Check – Honors Only
Pizza is baked at 455°F. What is that in °C?1) 437 °C2) 235°C3) 221°C
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DENSITY - an important and useful physical property
Density mass (g)volume (cm3)
Density mass (g)volume (cm3)
Mercury
13.6 g/cm3 21.5 g/cm3
Aluminum
2.7 g/cm3
Platinum
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Problem A piece of copper has a mass of 57.54 g. It is 9.36 cm long, 7.23 cm wide, and 0.95 mm thick. Calculate density (g/cm3).
Density mass (g)volume (cm3)
Density mass (g)volume (cm3)
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Example
• The density of mercury, the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature, is 13.6 g/mL. Calculate the mass of 5.50 mL of the liquid.
– Answer: 74.8 g