measurement of plant bio-diversity
DESCRIPTION
MEASUREMENT OF PLANT BIO-DIVERSITY. Marthie Kemp Centre for Environmenal Management UFS. ANALYTIC PHASE. SYNTHETIC PHASE. BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE. ANALYTIC PHASE Reconnaissance of study area Homogenous Characteristic Relevé size Environmental Factors. SYNTHETIC PHASE. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
ANALYTIC PHASE• Reconnaissance of
study area• Homogenous• Characteristic • Relevé size• Environmental Factors
SYNTHETIC PHASE
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Some of the environmental factors:
1. GPS
2. Aspect
3. Slope
4. Exposure
5. Topography
6. % Area covered by rock / size of rocks
7. Biotic influences
Some of the environmental factors:
1. GPS
2. Aspect
3. Slope
4. Exposure
5. Topography
6. % Area covered by rock / size of rocks
7. Biotic influences
N
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
2b Cover between 12-25%
3 Cover between 25-50%
4 Cover Between 50-75%
5 Cover more than 75%
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
r
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%r++
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
r++
11
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
r
+
+2a
1 1
2a
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
2b Cover between 12-25%
r
+
+
2b
2b
2a
2a1 1
2b
2b
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
2b Cover between 12-25%
3 Cover between 25-50%
r
+
+
3
33
2b
2b
2a
2a1
2b
2b
1
3
3
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
2b Cover between 12-25%
3 Cover between 25-50%
4 Cover Between 50-75%
r
+
+
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
33
2b
2b
2a
2a1
2b
2b3
1
3
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:Braun Blanquet Cover-abundance scale:
r Very small cover, rare occurrence
+ Cover less than 1%
1 Cover between 1-5%
2a Cover between 5-12%
2b Cover between 12-25%
3 Cover between 25-50%
4 Cover Between 50-75%
5 Cover more than 75%
r
+
+
55
5
55
5
5
55
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
33
2b
2b
2a
2a1
2b
2b3
1
3
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
ANALYTIC PHASE• Reconnaissance of
study area• Homogenous• Characteristic • Relevé size• Environmental Factors
SYNTHETIC PHASE• TURBOVEG (Hennekens 1996)
• TWINSPAN (Hill 1979a) /JUICE (Trichy & Holt 2006)
• Megatab• Decorana
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUETABLE 6: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE ACACIA KARROO COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITIES | 1 | 2 |SUB-COMMUNITIES | 1 1 | | 3VARIANTS | | | | |
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Relevé number | | | 5 5 5 5 5 4 | 1 1 2 3 3 3 |
| 5 6 4 | 1 2 3 | 5 6 7 8 4 1 | 5 7 9 7 0 1 3 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Turboveg Database Number| 4 4 4 | 4 4 4 | 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 || 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 || 3 3 3 | 3 3 3 | 9 9 9 9 9 7 | 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 || 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 | 0 1 1 1 0 3 | 6 6 9 3 9 0 7 || 8 9 7 | 4 5 6 | 9 0 1 2 8 4 | 4 6 8 6 9 0 3 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Number of species / relevé| 0 1 1 | 1 1 1 | 1 2 2 1 1 0 | 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 || 9 1 1 | 8 7 8 | 7 2 1 6 2 5 | 4 8 5 2 0 3 9 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SPECIES GROUP ACyperus rupestris | r 1 + | 1 r 1 | . . . . . . | . . . . . . . |Commelina africana | + + r | r 1 + | . . . . . . | + . . . . . . |Chenopodium album | + + r | + + + | . . r . . . | + . . . . . . |SPECIES GROUP B |Ledebouria luteola | 1 1 r | . . . | . r . + . . | . + . . . . . |Lactuca inermis | . + r | . . . | . . . . . . | . . . . . . . |Limeum aethiopicum | . + r | . . . | . . . . . . | . . . r . . . |SPECIES GROUP C |Berkheya onopordifolia | . . . | + + 1 | . . . . . . | . . . . . . . |Thuranthos basuticum | . . . | + + + | . . . . . . | . . . . . . . |Felicia muricata | . . . | r r + | . . . . . . | . . r . . r r |Selago densiflora | . . . | r + r | . . . . . . | . . . . . . . |SPECIES GROUP D |Setaria sphacelata | . . . | . . . | + + r + + . | . . . 1 . . . |Rhus burchellii | . . . | . . . | 1 + . . 1 3 | . . . . . . . |Rhus lancea | . . . | . . . | a 1 . . a . | . . . . . . . |Melica decumbens | . . . | . . . | r + + 1 . . | . + . . . . . |Asparagus suaveolens | . . . | . . . | . + r + + . | . . . . . . . |Clematis brachiata | . . . | . . . | + + r . + . | . . . . . . . |Pentzia globosa | . . . | . . . | + + . . . 1 | . . . . . . . |Rosenia humilis | . . . | . . . | . + r + . . | . . . . . . . |Aptosimum procumbens| . . . | . . . | + + . . r . | . . . . . . . |Zinnia peruviana | . . . | . . . | + r r . . . | . . . . . . . |Cineraria lyrata | . . . | . . . | . . + + . . | r + . . . . . |Tragus berteronianus | . . . | . . . | . . + r . . | r . . . . . . |Salvia verbenaca | . . . | . . . | . + r . . . | . . . . . . . |Aristida bipartita | . . . | . . . | . + . . + . | . . . . . . . |Duthiastrum linifolium | . . . | . . . | . . + + . . | . . . . . . . |Nidorella resedifolia | . . . | . . . | . r r . . . | . . + . . . . |SPECIES GROUP E |Cynodon hirsutus | . . . | . . . | . a a 1 . . | 1 1 3 . 4 . . |SPECIES GROUP F |Salsola glabrescens | . . . | . . . | . . . . . . | 1 . 3 + 3 + + |Eragrostis obtusa | . . . | . . . | . . . . . + | . + + a + . r |
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUEThe hierarchical classification of the 53 relevés, 5 communities, 4 subcommunities and 3 variants in which Acacia karroo is dominant, are:
1. Cyperus rupestris – Cynodon dactylon Community1.1 Ledebouria luteola – Digitaria eriantha Sub-community1.2 Berkheya onopordifolia – Cynodon dactylon Sub-community
2. Setaria sphacelata – Acacia karroo Community3. Diospyros lycioides – Rhus pyroides Community
3.1 Salsola glabrescens – Cynodon hirsutus Sub-community3.2 Sphaeralcea bonariensis – Eragrostis curvula Sub-
community 3.2.1 Setaria verticillata Variant3.2.2 Phyla nodiflora Variant3.2.3 Asparagus laricinus Variant
4. Eragrostis lehmanniana – Acacia karroo Community5. Eragrostis trichophora – Eragrostis curvula Community
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITIES:• Diagnostic species• Dominant species• Associated with environmental factors
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
3
5
8.2 - 11.3
8.1
1 & 6.1
2
8.1
7.1 & 7.2
4
11.1 & 11.2
DECORANA Ordination diagram indicating the distribution of the various grassland communities in relation to environmental factors (Axes 1 & 2).
Sh
allo
w so
ils So
il de
pth
De
ep
K
ala
ha
ri o
n d
ole
rite
san
ds
Ax
is 2
Montane grassland Habitat Sandy plainsPristine Habitat Disturbed
Axis 1
BRAUN BLANQUET TECHNIQUE• Hennekens SM (1996a) MEGATAB – A visual editor for phytosociological
tables. Giesen and Geurts• Hennekens SM (1996b) TURBO(VEG) – Software package for input,
processing and presentation of phytosociological data. User’s guide. University of Lancaster
• Hill MO (1979a) TWINSPAN – A FORTRAN Program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Department of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
• Hill MO (1979b) DECORANA – A FORTRAN Program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Department of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
• Kent M, Coker P (1992) Vegetation description and analysis: A practical approach. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp1 – 275. ISBN 0-4719-4810-1
• Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley Sons, New York, pp 10 – 66. ISBN 0-4716-2291-5
• Müller ME (2002) The phytosociology of the central Free State. M.Sc Dissertation. University of the Free State
• Tricky L, Holt J (2006) JUICE – Program for management, analysis and classification of ecological data. Program Manual. Masaryk University Brno.