measurement of solubility for disperse dyestuffs in sc-co2 ... · measurement of solubility for...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Measurement of Solubility for Disperse Dyestuffs in SC-CO2 ... · Measurement of Solubility for Disperse Dyestuffs in SC-CO 2 by Using in situ Apparatus Kwang Jae Lee, Han Seok Kim](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042105/5e84117a21530a60723c0569/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Measurement of Solubility forDisperse Dyestuffs in SC-CO2 by Using
in situ Apparatus
Kwang Jae Lee, Han Seok Kim and Ki-Pung Yoo
Thermodynamics and Green Processing Laboratory,Department of Chemical Engineering, Sogang University
Kwang Jae Lee, Han Seok Kim and Ki-Pung Yoo
Thermodynamics and Green Processing Laboratory,Department of Chemical Engineering, Sogang University
(2004.01.29)
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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▶ Development of experimental apparatus and technique for measuring of solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide
▶ Measurement and correlation of solubility for dyestuffs in supercritical carbon dioxide
▶ Criteria of optimum conditions for SFD
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
OBJECTIVES
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● Dynamic method- Continuous flow method- Circulated batch method
● Static method
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
BACKGROUND▶ Classification of the experimental technique
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Advantage● to be surely the simplest
experimental technique● easy to operate● small leakage available
Disadvantage● a complete equilibrium
cannot be achieved● clogging of expansion valve1) dry ice formation2) dye particle precipitation
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
● Dynamic method - continuous flow method
CO2tank
PT PT
Gas booster
Reservoir
Air bath
Equilibrium cell Cold trap
Massflowmeter
Heatingmantle
TE
ExpansionValve
BACKGROUND
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Advantage● a complete equilibrium
state can be achieved● no clogging
Disadvantage● the results are strongly
influenced by a smallleakage from the cell
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
● Dynamic method - circulated batch methodBACKGROUND
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Advantage● easy to make equilibrium state● no clogging● a small leakage available
Disadvantage● fixed path length
- cannot measure the high solubility of solution
● high cost
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
● Static methodBACKGROUND
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Advantage● can measure the solubility with
in situ UV-Visible spectroscopy
● a complete equilibriumstate can be achieved
● no clogging● flexible path length
- enable to measure over aconcentration range of severalorders of magnitude
● low cost
Disadvantage● need solvent for calibration
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
Equilibriumcell
ISCO 260D
Syringe pump
Magneticstirrer
Air ovenTE
Optical fiber
Optical fiberPressuregauge
UV-Vis.Spectroscopy
PEEKTube
OpticalFiber
EXPERIMENTAL▶ House made apparatus used in this work
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
EXPERIMENTAL
▶ in situ Solubility measurement system
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
EXPERIMENTAL
▶ The UV-Visible spectra of DY114
Wave length (nm)
360 380 400 420 440 460
Abso
rban
ce
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Wave length (nm)
360 380 400 420 440 460
Abso
rban
ce
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
As time elapsing
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Type Dyestuff Formula Tm Mw
E type(mild)
C.I. Disperse Red 60(anthraquinone) 187 ℃ 331.32
C.I. Disperse Blue 56(anthraquinone) 199 ℃ 365.18
C.I. Disperse Yellow 54(quinoline) 270 ℃ 289.28
O
NH2O
OH
O
O
NH2O
OH
Br
OH
NH2
O
O
OH
N
● Dyestuffs used in this work (E-type)
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
▶ MaterialsEXPERIMENTAL
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Type Dyestuff Formula Tm Mw
C.I. Disperse Red 360(mono-azoic) 146 ℃ 424.43
S type(thick)
C.I. Disperse Blue 79.1(mono-azoic) 146 ℃ 530
C.I. Disperse Yellow 114(mono-azoic) 205 ℃ 424.43
N N NCH2CH2CN
CH2CH2O
CN
O2N
N N NCH2CH2OCOCH3
CH2CH2OCOCH3
Br
O2N
NO2 NHCOCH3
OCH3
S OO
N NON
H3C
CH3
O
HO
CN
EXPERIMENTAL
● Dyestuffs used in this work (S-type)
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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Solvent Formula Mw ρ TC(K)
PC(MPa)
Tb(K)
Dipm.(debye)
Acetone CH3COCH3 58.08 0.792 508.2 4.71 329.65 2.9
Benzene C6H6 78.11 0.879 562.16 4.88 353.25 0.0
Ethanol CH3CH2OH 46.07 0.789 513.92 6.12 351.55 1.7
n-Hexane CH3(CH2)4CH3 86.17 0.659 507.6 3.04 342.15 0.0
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 0.713* 304.19 7.38 - 0.0
EXPERIMENTAL
● Solvents used in this work
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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▶Beer-Lambert’s Law
A = εl C
A = absorbance of sample, l = path lengthC = concentration of sample, ε = molar extinction coefficient
▶ Calibration SolventHexane : reference solvent- polarity and extinction coefficient are similar to CO2- negligible shifts in the position of absorption maxima
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
THEORY
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▶ UV-Visible spectra of E-type dyestuffsin organic solvents
Wavelength (nm)
400 450 500 550 600 650
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
Wavelength (nm)
360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
Wavelength (nm)
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
C. I. Disperse Red 60
C. I. Disperse Yellow 54
C. I. Disperse Blue 56RESULTS
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▶ UV-Visible spectra of S-type dyestuffs in organic solventsRESULTS
Wavelength (nm)
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
Wavelength (nm)
350 400 450 500 550
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
C. I. Disperse Red 360
C. I. Disperse Yellow 114Wavelength (nm)
400 500 600 700 800
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
BenzeneAcetoneEthanol
C. I. Disperse Blue 79.1
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Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
DR 60 y=42.42xDR 360 y=73.03xDB 79.1 y=65.49xDB 56 y=57.86xDY 114 y=84.87xDY 54 y=198.70x
Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
DR 60 y=42.42xDR 360 y=73.03xDB 79.1 y=65.49xDB 56 y=57.86xDY 114 y=84.87xDY 54 y=198.70x
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
▶ Determination of ε for dye-acetone system
by using conventional UV-Visible spectroscopy
● ε = slope of calibration curve / 10 mm
RESULTS
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
DR 60 y=41.04xDR 360 y=89.25xDB 79.1 y=64.14xDB 56 y=66.82xDY 114 y=97.84xDY 54 y=172.0x
Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
DR 60 y=41.04xDR 360 y=89.25xDB 79.1 y=64.14xDB 56 y=66.82xDY 114 y=97.84xDY 54 y=172.0x
RESULTS
▶ Determination of ε for dye-benzene system● ε = slope of calibration curve / 10 mm
by using conventional UV-Visible spectroscopy
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
DR 60 y=42.42x DR 360 y=18.14xDB 79.1 y=25.41xDB 56 y=55.53xDY 114 y=25.46xDY 54 y=153.67x
Concentration (g/L)
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
DR 60 y=42.42x DR 360 y=18.14xDB 79.1 y=25.41xDB 56 y=55.53xDY 114 y=25.46xDY 54 y=153.67x
RESULTS
▶ Determination of ε for dye-ethanol system● ε = slope of calibration curve / 10 mm
by using conventional UV-Visible spectroscopy
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
Dyestuff Solvent ε (mol/cm2) ×106 λmax (nm)
E type
DR60 Benzene 14.054 515
Acetone 13.597 515
Ethanol 14.060 517
DB56 Benzene 21.128 624
Acetone 24.403 657
Ethanol 20.742 625
DY54 Benzene 57.479 448
Acetone 49.755 441
Ethanol 44.455 442
▶ Molar extinction coefficient of E-type dyesRESULTS
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
Dyestuff Solvent ε (mol/cm2) ×106 λmax (nm)
S type
DR360 Benzene 32.165 489
Acetone 39.310 504
Ethanol 7.991 498
DB79.1 Benzene 34.710 593
Acetone 33.992 581
Ethanol 13.467 575
DY114 Benzene 36.021 428
Acetone 41.526 420
Ethanol 10.804 415
▶ Molar extinction coefficient of S-type dyesRESULTS
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Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
RESULTS
Density of CO2 (mol/L)
12 14 16 18 20 22
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DR
60
0.1
1
10
Sung and Shim (1999)at 313.15 K this work
Density of CO2 (mol/L)
12 14 16 18 20 22
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DR
60
0.1
1
10
Sung and Shim (1999)at 313.15 K this work
▶ Reliability of the experimental technique
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Concentration (g/L)
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007
Abs
orba
nce
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Yellow 54 (447nm)y = 221.78x R2 = 0.9980
Concentration (g/L)
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007
Abs
orba
nce
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Yellow 54 (447nm)y = 221.78x R2 = 0.9980
by using in situ UV-Visible spectroscopy
● Determination of ε for DY 54-hexane system
RESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
▶ Measurement of the solubility for DY54 in SC-CO2
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Concentraton of benzene (g/L)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
JASCO : 10.00 mm DYEMAX : 6.74mmDYEMAX : 13.49 mm
Concentraton of benzene (g/L)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
Abs
orba
nce
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
JASCO : 10.00 mm DYEMAX : 6.74mmDYEMAX : 13.49 mm
Conventional UV
in situ UV
Slope : molar extinction coeffi.× path length
● Determination of path lengthfor in situ UV-Visible spectroscopy
RESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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Density of CO2 (mol/L)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DY
54
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
333.15 K363.15 K393.15 K
Density of CO2 (mol/L)
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DY
54
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
333.15 K363.15 K393.15 K
● Solubility data of DY54 in SC-CO2
RESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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Temperature(K)
Pressure(MPa)
Density of CO2(mol/L)
Solubility of dye(y fraction)
333.15
14.81 14.1191 4.4326e-8
17.67 15.7278 1.3171e-7
22.36 17.2315 7.1913e-7
25.01 17.8435 1.2860e-6
30.04 18.7392 1.8146e-6
363.15
21.53 13.0766 5.6917e-7
24.05 14.1784 1.0620e-6
29.42 15.8117 2.2720e-6
31.28 16.2426 2.4283e-6
393.15
21.57 9.9775 5.1743e-7
22.81 10.6129 8.8372e-7
26.60 12.2605 2.6317e-6
29.04 13.1108 4.2822e-6
● Solubility data of DY54 in SC-CO2
RESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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B
ln(xP/Pref) = A + c(ρ-ρref)
▶ Model equation for correlating the solubility RESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
where, x : mole fraction of solubility, P : system pressure, Pref : standard pressure of 1 bar, ρ : solution density, ρref : reference density (700 kg/m3 )
by Bartle et al., 1991
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Density of CO2 (g/cm3)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DY5
4
0
2x10-6
4x10-6
6x10-6
8x10-6
10x10-6
333.15 K363.15 K393.15 KCalculated data
Density of CO2 (g/cm3)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Mol
e fra
ctio
n of
DY5
4
0
2x10-6
4x10-6
6x10-6
8x10-6
10x10-6
333.15 K363.15 K393.15 KCalculated data
● Correlation – empirical equationRESULTS
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
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▶Molar extinction coefficient of dyestuffs in organic solvents were calculated from the slope of linear calibration curves of absorbance.
▶Molar extinction coefficient for carbon dioxide was determined by usingstandard solution of C. I. Disperse Yellow 54.
▶Solubility of the dye C. I. Disperse Yellow 54 in supercritical carbondioxide have been measured in the temperature range from (333.15 to393.15) K and at pressure from (14.81 to 30.04) MPa.
▶Solubility data of the C. I. Disperse Yellow 54 in supercritical carbondioxide were correlated in terms of the density (g/cm3) of carbon dioxideusing an empirical equation of Bartle et al.
Thermodynamics /Green Processing Laboratory
CONCLUDING REMARKS
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감 사 드 립 니 다.