measures to ensure safety for maintenance -...
TRANSCRIPT
Measures to Ensure Safety for Maintenance
By
Sitesh Kumar SinghChief Engineer (Construction)/SE/ECR
East Central Railway
Construction Department
Indian Railways - An Overview and Trend
No. of bridges – 1,38,912
No. of >100 years old bridges – 35,437
No. of >60 years old bridges – 61,013
No. of Permanent Speed Restrictions (PSRs) – 94
No. of Temporary Speed Restrictions (TSRs) – 124
HDN
• 76% of freight
• 71% of overall traffic
Traffic Carried
• >65% of HDN running at more than 100% cap utilization
Cap Utilization
>40% of overall IR network operating at more than 100% cap utilization
Stressed resources incl. track & bridges 2
Changes in Loading standards
Loading Standard Year Max. Axle Load
of Engine (T)
Trailing Load (T/M) Long. Force (T)
Tractive
Effort (T)
Braking Force
Standard B 1903 18 1.20 T/FT - -
BGML 1926 22.9 7.67 47.6 10% of T.L.
RBG 1975 22.5 7.67 75 20% of T.L.
MBG 1987 25 8.25 10013.4% of T.L. + 25% of
Axle Load
HM 1995 30 12 135 - Do -
25T 2008 25 9.33 126 - Do -
DFC 2008 25 32.5 T/ 12.13 T/M 126 - Do -
3
Annual Gross Million Tonnes (GMT) growth
4
11.835 12.41513.575
15.5
21
31 31.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1965 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016
GM
T P
ER A
NN
UM
YEAR
Howrah – Barddhaman UP Chord Line
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Cu
mu
lati
ve G
MT
Year
Cumulative GMT Growth Chart CGMT: 967
Howrah – Barddhaman UP Chord Line
GMT: 11.8
Objective & Motivation
Speed restrictions
• PSRs
• TSRs
Failure repercussion
• Important & major bridges
• Fractures
• Subsidence
Renewal loss
• Costly
• Traffic disruption
Challenges
Obtain REALISTIC evaluation
for infrastructure by fine-tuning
the existing SYSTEM to cater
to the hardships OBSERVED
in the field
6
Positive contributionInstrumentation
Analysis
Remedial measures
Major reasons of infrastructure weakness
7
Level crossings
Bridges
Rail/weld fractures
Points and crossings
Bad banks including trespassing
Fatigue conditions & lesser inspections
Overloading of wagons, Flat wheels
8
Suggested measures
Component Action to be taken Benefits
Level crossings
(i) Use of Rubberized pads. Needs to be standardized as already in successful use since 2005.RDSO has yet to approve it.
No use of earth & sand etc. as such:• Machine tamping can be done easily• No drainage problem• No deterioration in road surface &
rail clearances• Cheaper in long run as no special
PSC sleepers, blocks, bolts etc. are required.
• No need of overhauling & traffic block
(ii) Limited Height Subways with full covering. Standard drawings for different depths to be issued.
Can be provided at all locations
9
Suggested measures contd.
Component Action to be taken Benefits
(iii) Speed breakers to be replaced with rumble strips like highways
• Less breakdown of vehicles• Less speed reduction, will lead to
faster traffic dispersal
(iv) Retro-reflective painting of height gauges
• Act as warning to road vehicles
(v) Provide Siren in day time and bright yellow light during night
• Act as warning to road vehicles and loco pilots
10
Suggested measures contd.Component Action to be taken Benefits
Rails incldg. Pts & Xings
Guarantee Zero fractures before stipulated GMT –to achieve this:
(i) Bhilai Steel plant needs to upgrade its metallurgical tolerances, else
To achieve higher GMT & speed, quality upgradation is a must
(ii) Rails to be imported • Initial cost may be higher but it would ensure safety and prove to be economical from maintenance point of view
• Pre-mature renewal would be avoided• Performance of indigenous v/s
imported can be compared
(iii) Minimise S&T and electrical attachments to rails or P&Cs
• Attachments induce stress concentration zones
• Act as infringements during track machine mtc.
11
Suggested measures contd.
Component Action to be taken Benefits
L-Section of track
(i) Preferably to be elevated structure
• Level crossings & trespassing are avoided
• Must for higher speeds
• Less land is required
• No drainage problem
(ii) In densely populated areas, underground structure is the only option
• Costly but unavoidable• Can be done under water
(iii) In hilly areas with depth of proposed cutting more than 30m, tunnels to be constructed
• Easy to maintain• Economical
12
Suggested measures contd.
Component Action to be taken Benefits
Bridges Maintenance of track structure on bridges is the main cause of concern
(i) Use of Tie Tek sleepers to be standardised
• Its similar to wooden sleepers and already in use for more than 15 years
(ii) Preferable use of Steel Concrete Composite ballasted deck bridges
• Can be used for longer spans• Machine tamping can be done• Extra track fittings not required• Easy to maintain• Due to deck cover, there is less
deterioration in steel girder
13
Suggested measures contd.
Component Action to be taken Benefits
Inspections (i) Aerial cameras can be fitted to loco underframe. Control can be done from cabin
• No traffic block required for routine inspections
• Loco defects can also be captured
• Data monitoring can be done in real time
(ii) Special light inspection vehicles similar to TRC car/Tower wagon fitted with instruments & cameras in underframe to be deployed
• Fruitful inspections can be done and recorded
• Safe for maintenance staff• Track mtc. tools can also be
kept in the car with mtc. staff• Data transmission &
monitoring can be done in real time
14
Suggested measures contd.
Component Action to be taken Benefits
Inspections (iii) Outdated inspection schedules to be dispensed with
• Addition of every new schedule should drop equivalent no. of old stipulations
(iv) RDSO’s mandatory inspections should be dispensed with, though RDSO can continue to issue guidelines
• Ownership of quality will remain with the field official & they will be more updated
• It will reduce undue delays in stage passing/clearances
(v) Failure analysis to be mandatory
• Avoid reoccurrence of similar failure
• Corrective measures can be taken on pan India basis
15
Innovative suggestions
S. No. Suggestions Benefits
1 High speed turnouts for speed potential of 100 kmph
• Required for throughput enhancement
2 Platforms for high speed stopping trains on mainline
• Average speed can be increased
3 Existing tracks to be made compatible for running MAGLEV trains
• MAGLEV trains seem to be future of railways
4 Train operations to be centrally controlled
• Computer programming can facilitate this operation. Presently it is limited to RRI of stations only
• COIS & FOIS are only generating information. No post information application
5 Allow private players to run trains/operations in addition to existing railway system to generate competition
• This will bring modern technology• Minimize manpower• Improve safety & efficiency• Break railway monopoly
16
Innovative suggestions contd.
S. No. Suggestions Benefits
6 Change in trackman recruitment policy including training
• Physical strength should be the main criteria (like army recruitment)
• Higher qualification leads to exodus• Army like training should be done
7 Device automated maintenance system
• Manual Patrolling is not an effective solution
8 Set different standards for heavy density network (HDN) and low density networks
• Will provide focussed attention• Clear phasing/priority can be decided• Economical