measuring blood pressure
TRANSCRIPT
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CARDIOVASCULAR BLOCK PHASE TWO
Measuring blood pressure
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• The non-invasive ausculatory method is one of the most common ways of monitoring a patient's blood pressure
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BLOOD PRESSURE
• The subject sits down and rests their arm on a table so the brachial artery is level with the heart.
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• A sphygmomanometer cuff is wrapped around the subject's upper arm, just above the elbow and a stethoscope is placed on the hollow of the elbow, over the brachial artery as shown below.
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Equipment
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Cuffs • The cuff at the top is
a thigh cuff.
• The cuff in the middle is an adult cuff.
• The cuff at the bottom is designed to fit a child.
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Most cuffs are marked with an O or an arrow. This should be placed near the artery
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CARDIOVASCULAR BLOCK PHASE TWO • Occupy 2/3 of arm length
• Alow 2 finger to pass between the cuff and arm
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• Note how the ear pieces slant slightly in one direction.
• Make sure the ear pieces on the stethoscope are point away from you when you put them on.
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A Grasp the bulb so that your thumb can easily access the valve.
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Turn the valve to the right to tighten it and pump up the cuff, turn it to the left to loosen
to and deflate the cuff.
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• Pump up the cuff until the sphygmomanometer reads 180 to 200.
• Loosen the valve to let a little of the air out.
• Listen for the first heartbeat, that is the top number.
• Continue to listen until there are no more heartbeats. The last beat you hear is the bottom number.
• Let the air all the way out and remove the cuff.
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The Korotkoff sounds• The Korotkoff sounds are the sounds
heard through the stethoscope as the pressure cuff deflates.
• The sounds are first heard when the cuff pressure equals the systolic pressure, and cease to be heard once the cuff has deflated past the diastolic pressure.
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Phase 1
•The artery is completely occluded and no blood can flow through it.
•No sounds are heard above the systolic pressure.
•At the point where cuff pressure equals the systolic pressure, a sharp tapping sound is heard.
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• The blood pressure oscillates between systolic and diastolic pressure.
• At systolic, blood to spurt through. • diastolic the artery walls bang shut• The closing shut of the artery walls that
results in the tapping sound.
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Phase 2
• This phase is characterised by a swishing sound, caused by the swirling currents in the blood as the flow through the artery increases
• If the cuff is deflated too slowly, the sounds vanish temporarily.
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• This happens when the blood vessels beneath the cuff become congested, and is often a sign of hypertension
• The congestion eventually clears, and sounds resume.
• The intervening period is called the auscultatory gap.
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Phase 3
• In this phase, there is a resumption of crisp tapping sounds, similar to those heard in phase 1.
• At this stage, the increased flow of blood is pounding against the artery walls.
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Phase 4
• An abrupt muffling of sound.
• The blood flow is becoming less turbulent.
• Some medical practitioners choose to record this point as the diastolic pressure.
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Phase 5
• Sounds cease to be heard all together.
• The blood flow has returned to normal and is now laminar.
• The pressure cuff is deflated entirely and removed.
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CARDIOVASCULAR BLOCK PHASE TWO
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QUESTIONS?