measuring efficiency and inefficiency in urban freight transport
TRANSCRIPT
-
Measuring Efficiency & Inefficiency in Urban Freight Transport
City Logistics Research: A Trans-Atlantic Perspective
Teodor Gabriel Crainic [email protected]
Washington, D.C., 2013
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Observations
Transportation & logistics Derived but essential To most economic and social activities No transportation = No society as we know it No logistics = No modern economy Cities cannot survive without freight transportation
Major source of negative impacts Quality of life and future generations Emissions, noise Energy consumption (and extraction/transport) Safety & security,
2
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Observations (2)
People want the benefits but not the activities and inconveniences that come with them
Freight does not vote, Freight is a private thing Mostly ignored in planning activities and software
instruments Rules & regulations to mitigate impact of freight
transport on the rest
3
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Zoning Access Regulations
Access Forbidden to Heavy Trucks
Highly Restrictive
Access & Parking
Regulated parking
Necessary but NOT
Sufficient sometimes
Detrimental
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Observations (3)
Urban freight Part of global logistics networks (supply chains) More than just the last mile Significant flows
largely ignored even in R&D literature Out of the city: producers Out of the city: country/continent gateway Through the city: part of major corridors Within the city: major activity center
5
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Observations on Efficiency
Transportation systems & logistics chains are Efficient Freight flows around the globe supplying people,
industry, institutions On time, low cost, making a profit
Inefficient System perspective & society costs Resource utilization & duplication Unsustainable in the long (medium?) term
6
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
7
Efficient Urban Freight Transportation
What is or should be measured? Costs & profits On-time service (delivery, pick up, ) Service regularity & reliability Congestion & mobility Emissions, overall pollution, noise levels Safety: fatalities, injuries, costs (personal & community) Integration into the city (state, country) Committees & commissions (planning & advisory) Data-collection & planning activities
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
8
Efficient Urban Freight Transportation (2)
Efficiency is in the eye of the stakeholder Who measures, for whom, for what purposes? Producers/shippers Logistics-service providers, warehousing facilities Carriers, intermodal facilities, distribution centers Consignees (industry, retail, institutions, people) Authorities: city and borough, state/province, People as consumers People as citizens Special interest groups
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Challenges
Reconcile the efficiency requirements of the various stakeholders City freight transportation organization and business
models that foster both individual stakeholder and city system efficiency
9
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Challenges (2)
Go beyond urban freight transport to city logistics A logistics system = shippers, shipments, carriers,
service providers, vehicles, and consignees Public system view operated as best fits the local
culture, laws and regulations To make the city a better place to experience: live, work,
visit, move within and through Without penalizing its economic activities To foster an efficient transportation system Become part of mainstream urban design and planning
10
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Challenges (3)
Education Leadership Governance Legal and financial environment/incentives Collaboration Innovation Data Evaluation & optimization Integration
11
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Quick Illustration
City Logistics & Physical Internet ideas Efficient, profitable, sustainable systems Separate shipment (production) order &
carrier/storage/handling management Separate vehicle & freight flows & management
Consolidation & collaboration Many concepts & goals in common, joined yield a
complete system
12
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
13
Customer
Distribution center
Major flow
City route
City Distribution Center
Company : Violet Inc.
Prune Inc.
CL Operator Inc.
Single-tier CL with Single CDC
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
2T-CL: Multi-Echelon CDC & Specific Vehicles
14
Violet Inc.
Prune Inc.
Navigation
Long-Haul Trucks
Rail
City Freighter
Urban Vehicle
Satellite Crossdock
Customer
Distribution center
Major flow
City route
City Distribution Center
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
2T-CL with Rail & Public Transport
15
Company : Violet Inc.
Company : Prune Inc.
Company : Prune Inc.
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
The Physical Internet Metaphor
Digital Internet From numerous unconnected computers to The information highway to The Internet & the World Wide Web
Interconnected independent networks in a transparent way for the user,
Transmission of standard formatted information flows Data packets
Seamless transit through heterogeneous equipment respecting standard protocols (TCP/IP)
16
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
The Physical Internet (PI, ) Concept
PI http://www.physicalinternetinitiative.org/ From numerous more or less unconnected production,
logistics, storage, transportation systems to An open logistics & transportation system Separating flow and store/move management
Independent networks interconnected in a transparent way for the user
Transmission of standard formatted physical flows: modular containers
Seamless transit through heterogeneous storage and intermodal facilities & transportation networks
17
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/http://www.physicalinternetinitiative.org/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Logistics & Transportation Web
18
Mobility Web Moving goods & people
Interconnected open unimodal & multimodal infrastructures,
movers, hubs and transits
Distribution Web Deploying, storing
products Interconnected open warehouses
& distribution centers
Realization Web Realizing products
Interconnected open production, personalising & retrofit centers
Supply Web Supplying goods
Interconnected open suppliers and subcontractors
Service Web Enabling and sharing
access and usage of services rendered by goods & people
Interconnected open users and service providers
Openly interconnected physical, human, organizational, social, and digital stakeholders and networks
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Intra-Centre Inter-Processors Intra-installation Inter-Centres Intra-Site Inter-Installations
Intra-City Inter-Site City Logistics
Intra-Continental Inter-City, Inter-State/Province Inter-Continental Worldwide Network
Scalable Framework
19
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Current flows PI flows PI traffic
Ballot ., B. Montreuil, R. Glardon (2012), Simulation de lInternet Physique: controbution la mesure des enjeux et sa dfinition, PREDIT Research Report, France, June 2012, 96 p.
Preliminary results using existing infrastructures, facilities, demand patterns and service levels: Economics: Up to 26% overall cost saving Environment: About 60% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,
Simulation of Mobility Web for Consumer Goods Industry in France (Carrefour & Casino from their top 100 suppliers, Road and rail integrated into a PI network)
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Modular & Standard -Containers
21
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
1,2*1,2*1,2 1,2*1,2*1,2
1,2*1,2*1,2
1,2*1,2*1,2
2,4*1,2*1,2
2,4*2,4*1,2
2,4*2,4*1,2 4,8*2,4*1,2 2,4*1,2*1,2 2,4*1,2*1,2 2,4*1,2*1,2
2,4*1,2*2,4 4,8*1,2*1,2
Destination Dimensions Set of modular containers to be shipped
Building Container Blocks
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Research Challenges & Opportunities
Culturally and socially-aware organization and business models Culture (government people & business, business
models, taxation, etc.) Tailored solutions Understanding & modeling Stakeholders behavior Governance Demand identification Partnerships & collaborations Supply models Public policy
23
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Research Challenges & Opportunities (2)
Data Evaluation models and tools A few proposals, pace increasing Still limited scope & size Limited account (if any) of planning issues and
advanced ITS technology Comprehensive urban transportation planning Integration with people (private, public, alternative)
transportation ITS Land use,
24
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Research Challenges & Opportunities (3)
System & service & operation planning (Op. Research) New problems New models, algorithms, instruments Strategic planning System design Multi-level location-routing, freight corridors Fleet (resource) dimensioning,
Tactical planning Service network design Schedules, time issues, routing multi-level
Operational planning, control & management Adjustment of plans Dynamic demand response & routing
Uncertainty and resilience 25
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Research Challenges & Opportunities (4)
Physical Internet, Interconnected logistics All the challenges previously identified and more Very little done from the Operations Research
planning perspective Fundamentally nothing from the transportation point of
view
26
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Smart City Logistics & Physical Internet
Integrating the concepts Perspectives for better, more efficient & profitable
transportation & logistics systems and better cities The boxes & automatic transfer equipment required for
efficient operations are coming! More facilities for intermodal (inter-tier) transfer Offering waiting & stirage spaces
Great opportunities for synergetic R&D
27
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
-
Teodor Gabriel Crainic 2013
Ship
Long-distance vehicle
Train
City freighter
Plane
Bicycle
Urban vehicle
Urban hub
Merci beaucoup, Thank you
http://www.esg.uqam.ca/
Measuring Efficiency & Inefficiency in Urban Freight TransportCity Logistics Research: A Trans-Atlantic PerspectiveObservationsObservations (2) Slide Number 4Observations (3) Observations on EfficiencyEfficient Urban Freight TransportationEfficient Urban Freight Transportation (2)ChallengesChallenges (2)Challenges (3)Quick IllustrationSingle-tier CL with Single CDC2T-CL: Multi-Echelon CDC & Specific Vehicles2T-CL with Rail & Public Transport The Physical Internet MetaphorThe Physical Internet (PI, ) ConceptLogistics & Transportation WebScalable FrameworkSimulation of Mobility Web for Consumer Goods Industry in France (Carrefour & Casino from their top 100 suppliers, Road and rail integrated into a PI network)Modular & Standard -ContainersBuilding Container BlocksResearch Challenges & OpportunitiesResearch Challenges & Opportunities (2)Research Challenges & Opportunities (3)Research Challenges & Opportunities (4)Smart City Logistics & Physical InternetMerci beaucoup, Thank you