How to assess energy efficiency savings: the Italian experience

Dario Di Santo, FIRE

Bruxelles, 10 June 2015

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www.fire-italia.org

The Italian Federation for the Rational use of Energy is a no-profit association founded in 1987 that promotes energy efficiency, supporting energy manager, ESCOs and other companies dealing with energy.

Besides the activities directed to its nearly 450 members, FIRE operates under an implementing agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development to manage the Italian energy manager network since 1992.

In order to promote energy efficiency FIRE cooperates and deals with public authorities, energy technology and service companies, consultants, medium and large consumers, universities and associations to promote best practices and improve the legislation.

FIRE manages SECEM - an accredited body - to certify the Energy management experts according to the standard UNI CEI 11339.

FIRE: the association for energy efficiency

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445 members in 2014, 228 persons and 217 organizations.

FIRE: the association for energy efficiency

Some members of FIRE:

A2A calore e servizi S.r.l. - ABB S.p.a. - Acea S.p.a. - Albapower S.p.a. - Anigas - Atlas Copco S.p.a. - Avvenia S.r.l. - AXPO S.p.a. - Banca d’Italia - Banca Popolare di Sondrio - Bit Energia S.r.l. - Bosh Energy and Building Solution Italy S.r.l. - Bticino S.p.a. - Burgo Group S.p.a. - Cabot Italiana S.p.a. - Carraro S.p.a. - Centria S.p.a. - Certiquality S.r.l. - Cofely Italia S.p.a. - Comau S.p.a. - Comune di Aosta - CONI Servizi S.p.a. - CONSIP S.p.a. - Consul System S.r.l. - CPL Concordia Soc. Coop - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano - DNV S.r.l. - Egidio Galbani S.p.a. - ENEL Distribuzione S.p.a. - ENEL Energia S.p.a. - ENEA - ENI S.p.a. - Fenice S.p.a. - Ferriere Nord S.p.a. - Fiat Group Automobiles - Fiera Milano S.p.a. - FINCO - FIPER - GSE S.p.a. - Guerrato S.p.a. - Heinz Italia S.p.a. - Hera S.p.a. - IBM Italia S.p.a. - Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.a. - Iren Energia e Gas S.p.a. - Isab s.r.l. - Italgas S.p.a. - Johnson Controls Systems and Services Italy S.r.l. - Lidl Italia s.r.l. - Manutencoop Facility Management S.p.a. - Mediamarket S.p.a. - M&G Polimeri Italia - Omron Electronics S.p.a. - Pasta Zara S.p.a. - Pirelli Industrie Pneumatici S.p.a. - Politecnico di Torino - Provincia di Cremona - Publiacqua S.p.a. - Raffineria di Milazzo S.c.p.a. - RAI S.p.a. - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S.p.a. - Rockwood Italia S.p.a. - Roma TPL S.c.a.r.l. - Roquette Italia S.p.a. - RSE S.p.a. - Sandoz Industrial Products S.p.a. - Schneider Electric S.p.a. - Siena Ambiente S.p.a. - Siram S.p.a. - STMicroelectronics S.p.a. - TIS Innovation Park - Trenitalia S.p.a. - Turboden S.p.a. - Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Università degli studi di Genova - Varem S.p.A. - Wind Telecomunicazioni S.p.a. - Yousave S.p.a.

Our membership include organization and professionals both from the supply and the demand side of energy efficiency services and solutions.

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4

FIRE: the association for energy efficiency

Besides being involved in many European projects, listed next, FIRE implement surveys and market studies on energy related topics, information and dissemination campaigns, and advanced training.

Some of FIRE clients over the years: Ministry of Environment, ENEA, GSE, RSE, large organizations (such as Centria, ENEL, Ferrovie dello Stato, FIAT, Finmeccanica, Galbani, H3G, Telecom Italia, Unioncamere), universities, associations, energy agencies and exhibition organizers.

www.fire-italia.org

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www.secem.eu

SECEM

SECEM, European System for Certification in Energy Management, is a certification body created by the FIRE.

SECEM was the first body to offer third-party certification for Energy Management Experts (EMEs) according to UNI CEI 11339 and is accredited according to the ISO/IEC 17024 standard.

In Italy two standards were developed in order to promote the qualification of energy efficiency operators: UNI CEI 11339 for EMEs was issued in 2009, UNI CEI 11352 for ESCOs was published in 2010. A new standard for energy auditor is presently under preparation.

Both the mentioned standards are recognized from the national legislation within the energy audit obl igat ions for large companies introduced by the EED directive and the white certificate scheme.

Energy efficiency

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Elimination of waste and losses (useless energy consumption, stand-by, optimization, etc.)

Use of more energy efficient technologies

Use of renewable energy sources

More production

with the same energy, the same production with less energy, or

a mix

Energy efficiency savings

7

EE saving ex-ante energy consumption

ex-post energy consumption

Lack of dedicated and reliable measures

Linked to building/process uses and

weather

Linked to building/process uses and

weather

Linked to project and design

Linked to management

To begin with: we can’t measure the

saving…

Baseline and adjustments

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(SEAI “A guide to Energy Performance Contracts and Guarantees”, source EVO)

IPMVP

9

Annex A (informative)

Option Selection Process Diagram

Measure Facility or ECM Performance?

ECM Performance

Expected Savings >10%?

Need to separately

assess each

Yes

Analysis of main meter

data

Option C Whole Facility

Simulate system or

facility

Yes

N

Obtain calibration data

Calibrate simulation

Simulate with and without ECM(s)

Option D Calibrated Simulation

Need full performance

demonstration

Yes

N

Install isolation meters for key parameters, assess interactive effects, and estimate well known

parameters

Install isolation meters for all

parameters and assess interactive

effects

Missing baseline or reporting period

data?

Missing baseline or reporting

Option A Retrofit Isolation: Key

Parameter Measurement

Yes

N

Start

N

Option B Retrofit Isolation: All

Parameter Measurement

N

Facility Performance

Able to isolate ECM with meter(s)?

N

Yes

Yes

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IPMVP options Option A: retrofit isolation, key parameter measurement Option B: retrofit isolation, all parameter measurement Option C: whole facility Option D: calibrated simulation. Fonte: IPMVP Core Concepts, June 2014

Note: ECM stands for energy conservation measure.

IPMVP

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(Cas

e S

tudy

- E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Cou

ncil

& L

ow C

arbo

n A

ustra

lia)

Main aspects about EE measurement

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Continous improvement

METERS AND NORMALIZATION

VISION AND TARGETS

WHO MEASURESCONTROLS

ADDITIONALITY AND BASELINE

COSTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS

EX-ANTE CONSUMPTION

RELATIONSHIP WITH REGULATIONS

Energy efficiency incentives in Italy

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White certificates

Tax deductions 50% e 65%

RES incentives (D.M. 6 luglio 2012)

Heat account

Other options (Elena, Jessica, EEEF, structural funds, local funds, etc.)

Source: FIRE.

CHP: high efficiency cogeneration DH: district heating

RES: renewable energy sources EEEF: European energy efficiency fund

Energy efficiency Thermal RES Electrical RESCHP-DH

Saving evaluation methods in Italian WhC

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Deemed savings projects (progetti standard): the saving is evaluated with respect to the number of installed reference units (e.g. square meter, kW, number of installed units). No measures are required. Only standardized solutions can be included in a deemed saving file. The proponent presents an RVC once.

Scaled savings - engineering estimates (progetti analitici): the saving is evaluated with respect to some measured quantities through a dedicated algorithm defined in a dedicated file. Required meters are also indicated in the dedicated file. The proponent presents an RVC at least once a year.

Metered saving (progetti a consuntivo): the method is similar to the previous one, but the algorithm, the baseline, the additional saving coefficient, and the needed meters should be preliminarily proposed by the applicant PPPM and approved from GSE (with ENEA-RSE). After the PPPM is accepted the proponent will get WhC by presenting an RVC at least once a year.

PPPM

D.S. file

E.E. file

RVC: Request to verify and certify the savings PPPM: Project proposal and M&V procedure

Monitoring  plans  2005-­‐2007:  

≈10%  2013:  82%

Surveyed savings: not used so far. Plans to diffuse them with new WhC guidelines.

Scaled savings: building heat and cooling

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Allegato A alla deliberazione EEN 9/10 così come modificato dalle deliberazioni EEN 14/10 e EEN 9/11

6. SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE

SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE PER SCHEDA N. 26TDati relativi al periodo compreso tra il ____________ e il _____________

Caratteristiche dei generatori di calore f_E 0,187 [tep/MWhe]a Potenza dei generatori per riscaldamento (e acs) Pt,risc 116 [kWt] f_T 0,086 [tep/MWht]c Potenza degli eventuali generatori separati per acs Pt,acs 0 [kWt] b K_t,risc 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(a)

d K_t,acs 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(c)Alimentazione dell'impianto L'alimentazione avviene conCombustibile per la produzione termica combustibili liquidi/gassosi

f Quantità di combustibile utilizzato M 10.000 [Sm3 o Kg] non rinnovabilig Potere calorifico inferiore PCI 10.000 [kcal/Sm3, kcal/kg] h EPcomb 10,00 [tep] =10-7 * f * g

Produzione di energia termica j Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFrisc 80 [MWht] k U 1,18 [-]

i EPrisc 9,95 [tep] = k * f_T * j / bProduzione di energia termica per acs (se prodotta sepratamente)

m Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFacs 0 [MWht] n EPacs 0,00 [tep] = f_T * m / dProduzione di energia frigorifera

e Potenza frigorifera PFraffr 0 [kWf] p H,raffr 3,0 [-] pari a 3,0 oppure 2,7o Energia frigorifera fornita all'utenza EFraffr 0 [MWhf] q EPraffr 0,00 [tep] = f_E * o / p

Incremento consumi elettriciI consumi di energia elettrica sono stimati w ce,risc 0,49 [MWhe] = 0,005 * j / b

r Ee misurata 0 [MWhe] x ce,acs 0,00 [MWhe] = 0,005 * m / dPotenze elettriche nominali totali di:

s generatori di calore per riscaldamento PErisc 0 [kWe] r Ee stimata 0,00 [MWhe] = s * (j / a) + t * (m / c) + u * (o / e)t generatori di calore per produzione acs PEacs 0 [kWe]u sistemi frigoriferi PEraffr 0 [kWe]

y 'EFe 0,00 [MWhe] = r - w - x ove applicabilez EPe 0,00 [tep] = y * f_E

Calcolo dei risparmi energetici riconosciuti

v EPservizi 9,95 [tep] = i + n + q %1 %RN tipo I 0,00 = q / vRN RN -0,05 [tep] = v - h - z %2 %RN tipo II 1,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti metanizzati

%3 %RN tipo III 0,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti non metanizzati

RN tipo I 0 = %1 * RNRN tipo II 0 = %2 * RNRN tipo III 0 = %3 * RN

DATI MISURATI DATI CALCOLATI O PREDEFINITI

energia elettrica

NOTA: Per le quantità di cui si richiede la rendicontazione sono, in generale, da prevedere misure dirette da effettuarsi con strumentazione di adeguata precisione. Nei casi in cui ciò non sia praticabile, è possibile adottare misurazioni indirette, purché la precisione del metodo adottato sia equivalente a quella ottenibile con la misura diretta.

Allegato A alla deliberazione EEN 9/10 così come modificato dalle deliberazioni EEN 14/10 e EEN 9/11

Pfraffr potenza frigorifera nominale totale dell’apparato frigorifero, nella configurazione post-intervento [kWf] Ptrisc

potenza termica nominale totale dei generatori per riscaldamento (ed eventualmente per acqua calda sanitaria, qualora col medesimo generatore), nella configurazione post-intervento [kWt]

Ptacs potenza termica nominale dei generatori per produzione di a.c.s., nella configurazione post-intervento; nel caso in cui non sia presente un generatore separato per a.c.s., questo valore coincide con quello di Ptrisc [kWt]

U� coefficiente correttivo che assume valori diversi da 1,00 nel caso in cui l’intervento riguardi sistemi dotati di termoregolazione e contabilizzazione locale del calore [-]; i valori possono allora essere:

- 1,22 per le zone climatiche A, B e C, - 1,18 per la zona climatica D, - 1,15 per le zone climatiche E e F.

Consumi elettrici

Ee

Energia dei combustibili

Ec

CENTRALE TERMICA E FRIGORIFERA

Energia termica utile destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc

Energia frigorifera utile

e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr

Energia termica utile destinata a produzione di acs EFacs

Sistem

i di distribuzione

Contatori di calore

Generatore di calore(Ptrisc, Perisc)

Generatore di calore(Ptacs, Peacs)

Sistema frigorifero(Pfraffr, Peraffr)

Consumi elettrici

Ee

Energia dei combustibili

Ec

CENTRALE TERMICA E FRIGORIFERA

Energia termica utile destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc

Energia frigorifera utile

e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr

Energia termica utile destinata a produzione di acs EFacs

Sistem

i di distribuzione

Contatori di calore

Generatore di calore(Ptrisc, Perisc)

Generatore di calore(Ptacs, Peacs)

Sistema frigorifero(Pfraffr, Peraffr)

Figura 1– Schema dei flussi energetici coinvolti da un sistema di climatizzazione centralizzata La Figura si riferisce alla situazione più complessa, nella quale i servizi centralizzati riguardano tutte le tre funzioni (riscaldamento, raffrescamento e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria) e ciascuna di esse è fornita da un generatore a sé stante. Possono naturalmente presentarsi situazioni più semplici nelle quali, ad esempio, non viene erogato raffrescamento e le funzioni di riscaldamento e produzione di a.c.s. vengono espletate da un unico generatore di calore. Con “sistemi di distribuzione” si intendono le pompe e gli ausiliari asserviti alla circolazione dei fluidi termovettori.

Note: 1 Tra quelle elencate nella Tabella 2 dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 2 Di cui all’articolo 1, comma 1, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 3 Di cui all’articolo 3 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 4 Di cui all’articolo 17 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 5 Eventualmente in aggiunta a quella specificata all’articolo 14, comma 3, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.

Simplified evaluation methods: industry

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# Solution File  type Unit Requested  units  per  toe

7T Photovoltaics  under  20  kW DS kWp 1-­‐2

9T Inverters  for  pumping  systems DS kW 1-­‐16

16T Inverters  for  pumping  systems  over  22  kW EEP -­‐ -­‐

30E Electric  motors  IE3 DS kW 9-­‐135

31E Inverters  for  compressed  air EEP -­‐ -­‐

33E Power  factor  correction  for  motors   DS Motor 1-­‐189

34E Mechanical  steam  recompression  systems EEP -­‐ -­‐

35E Industrial  coolers EEP - -

36E UPSs DS kVA 2-­‐36

For  deemed  savings  projects  (DS)  a  range  is  present  since  the  values  depend  on  some  variables,  such  as  the  number  of  working  shifts,  the  weather  zone,  the  power  range,  etc.  Per  le  schede  analitiche  è  impossibile  indicare  dei  valori.    For  engineering  estimates  (EEP)  no  values  are  indicated,  since  they  depend  on  the  application  of  the  saving  algorithm  to  the  indicated  variables  (e.g.  fuel  consumption,  heat  demand,  etc).

Simplified evaluation methods: civil sector

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# Solution File  type Unit Requested  units  

per  toe2T Electric  DHW  heaters    -­‐>  gas  DHW  heaters DS Boiler 53T High  efficiency  boilers  for  single  apartments   DS Boiler 3-­‐274T High  efficiency  DHW   DS Boiler 65T Double  glazing  windows DS m2 13-­‐1726T Wall  and  roof  insulation DS m2 27-­‐1.1457T Photovoltaics  under  20  kW DS kWp 1-­‐28T Solar  thermal  for  DHW DS m2 2-­‐810T Natural  gas  decompression EEP - -15T Air  to  air  heat  pumps DS Apartment 1-­‐2219T Air  conditioners  under  12  kW DS kWf 99-­‐22220T Wall  and  roof  insulation  for  cooling DS m2 430-­‐1.71822T District  heating EEP - -26T Centralized  cooling  systems EEP - -27T DHW  heat  pumps DS Heat  pump 3-­‐632E Inverters  for  HVAC  systems EEP - -36E UPSs DS kVA 2-­‐3637E Biomass  boilers  for  single  apartment DS Apartment 1-­‐538E Building  automation  systems DS m2 105-­‐1.573Please  refer  to  the  note  in  the  previous  slide.

PPPM: cement industry example

17!

CE

MB

UR

EA

U BA

T Reference D

ocument

Page 26

Chapter 3

Figure 1. Cement manufacturing process (dry process) [22]

Source: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide Manufacturing Industries, EC, 2010.

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PPPM: cement industry example

Source: ENEA-FIRE study on PPPM in the cement industry.

0%#

5%#

10%#

15%#

20%#

25%#

30%#

35%#

#(####

#5.000##

#10.000##

#15.000##

#20.000##

#25.000##

#30.000##

#35.000##

#40.000##

#45.000##

#50.000##

RDF#recovery#Heat#recovery#Raw#materials#subs>tu>on#

Various#EE#measures#

Subs>tu>on#or#EE#

improvement#of#the#furnace#

Raw#materials#mill#

CHP# Advanced#management#

systems#

Advanced#fan#regula>on#

toe/year(

Approved(PPPMs(breakdown((total:(34(PPPMs;(108,339(toe/year)(

toe/year# %PPPM#Source: ENEA-FIRE.

Typical saving per solution 10-3 toe/tc

Furnace modification 2÷13

Furnace substitution 4÷13

Crude mill modification 2÷3

Crude mill substitution 0,7÷2

Fired mill modification 0,5÷3

Fired mill substitution 2÷4

Raw materials substitution 0,04

Heat recovery 0,11÷1

Sostituzione calorica 2÷4

Fan regulation 0,2÷0,4

Management systems 0,2÷0,4

Case 1: e.g. building materials, manufacturing industry

Case 2: e.g. furnace glass, membranes, RDF

Case 3: e.g. lighting, heating, cooling

Expected

Effective

Expected

Effective

EffectiveExpected

Savings correlated with the market

Savings correlated with the solution learning curve

Constant saving (weather related)

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Difference  between  PPPM  and  RVC  savings:  1.4%  

electricity,  -­‐8.3%  gas,    16.6%  fuels

PPPMs breakdown (FIRE-ENEA analysis 2005-2012)

Points to be considered

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Measuring EE savings is really an hard task. We are just at the beginning of the journey…

Deemed savings Scaled savings Metered savings

The method is easy to use and facilitates the evaluation.

Savings are not measured and monitoring can be complex if multiple solutions are considered.

Required documentation: choice to go easy or bureaucratic, which usually implies a failure, unless the incentive is very high.

On field controls are expensive.

Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, and other needed information.

High cost-effectiveness.

Possibility to pre-evaluate EE products in order to ensure the required performance.

The method is easy to use and facilitates the evaluation.

Savings are measured.

Required documentation: choice to go easy or bureaucratic, which usually implies a failure, unless the incentive is very high.

On field controls are usually a viable option.

Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, algorithms and meters to be used, and the other needed information.

High cost-effectiveness.

Simplified monitoring plans?

The method is usually complex, especially if additionality or detailed adjustments are present.

Savings are measured.

Required documentation: is usually substantial, but the size of the project allows it.

On field controls are usually a viable option.

Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, algorithms and meters to be used, and the other needed information for both the proponents and the evaluators. Shall data be available for everybody?

Very flexible, but potentially costly and complicated (viable for high targets).

Thank you!

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