MEC 3766 Instrumentation and AvionicsAvionics24. VHF Omni-Range (VOR)VHF frequencies : 108.00 MH ! 11".#$ MH.%o& a'ec&e( )* groun( or s+*,aves an( -ro-aga&e in near.* s&raig/& .ine.Main 0ns&rumen&a&ion 1an(ing 2*s&em3 012 VOR, short for VHF Omni-directional Range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. VORs broadcast a VHF radio composite signal including the station's orse code identifier !and sometimes a voice identifier", and data that allo#s the airborne receiving e$uipment to derive the magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft !direction from the VOR station in relation to the earth's magnetic %orth, at the time of installation".&4. VHF Omni-Range (VOR)The VOR display has four elements !A" A Ro&a&ing 4ourse 4ar(3 ca.i)ra&e( from 0 &o 56073 ,/ic/ in(ica&es &/e VOR )earing c/osen as &/e reference &o 8* 9O or FROM. Here3 &/e 54$7 ra(ia. /as )een se& in&o &/e (is-.a*. 9/is VOR gauge a.so (igi&a..* (is-.a*s &/e VOR )earing3 ,/ic/ sim-.i:es se&&ing &/e (esire( naviga&ion &rac+. !#" 9/e Omni ;earing 2e.ec&or3 or O;2 +no)3 use( &o manua..* ro&a&e &/e course car(. !C" 9/e 4ver* 1ORA% &ransmi&&ers is se-ara&e( )e&,een 1$0 %M an( ?$0 %MDR0 coverage more &/an 13000 %M>ver* 1ORA% c/ain in &/e ,or.( uses a unique DR03 &/e num)er of ,/ic/3 ,/en mu.&i-.ie( )* &en3 gives /o, man* microsecon(s -ass )e&,een -u.ses from a given s&a&ion in &/e c/ain.%O4N2 (%or&/ 4on&inen&a. Nni&e( 2&a&es)3 &/e DR0 is 8?#0.&/e s-an is 8?3#00 microsecon(s.9/ere are fe,er &/an 40 c/ains in &/e ,or.(.2.". 1ORA%-4 (1ong Range %aviga&ion)/ORA.1C 2tation&o cover &/e N2A &erri&oria.3 6 c/ains are nee(e(2-". 1ORA%-4 (1ong Range %aviga&ion)/ORA.1C Chain4/ina34/ina %or&/ 2ea (DR0 "450)N232ou&/eas& N.2. (DR0 "#80)2ou&/ Rorea3 >as& Asia (DR0 ##50)Ga-an3%or&/ =es& Iaci:c (DR0 8#50)0n(ia3 4a.cu&&a (DR0 $$45)2au(i Ara)ia3 2au(i Ara)ia 2ou&/ (DR0 "050)France3 1essa* (DR0 6"51) ...22". 1ORA%-4 (1ong Range %aviga&ion)/ORA.1C ChainOver.a-? 1ORA%-4 4/ain:DR0 1DR0 ?%O4N2 DR0 8?#0 an( 2O4N2 DR0 #6103 /o, of&en ,i.. &/e &,o over.a-K-3 -310 x96.1 xM 10 x2.9 8 xN T = =2&". 1ORA%-4 (1ong Range %aviga&ion)/ORA.1C Chain%O4N2 DR0 8?#0 an( 2O4N2 DR0 #6103 /o, of&en ,i.. &/e &,o over.a-K9/e c/ains over.a- a)ou& ever* 80 secon(s-3 -310 x96.1 xM 10 x2.9 8 xN T = =829 M ; 961 N = =second 7 . 79 T =2'". 1ORA%-4 (1ong Range %aviga&ion)/ORA.1C ChainDR0 1DR0 ?9/e c/ains over.a- a)ou& ever* 80 secon(s0f &/e aircraf& a& &/is area )efore &/e -erio( of over.a-3 no signa. on 1ORA% in(ica&or.;10%R0%D area