Media 2.0

Hedley Pierre

Juan Gaviria

Vanessa Romero

A Study of how web 2.0 and hardware technology advancements have influenced today’s media.

A quick look at Media 1.0

We will define Media 1.0 as media before the Media 2.0 revolution.

This will include Web 1.0

Media 1.0

Throughout the second half of the twentieth century media 1.0 has been present, barely reflecting the wants of the private consumer.

The shallowness and greediness of consumer culture appalled many people concerned with blind Capitalism.

Force feeding large amounts of advertisements and subliminal messages to shape the choices of an unsuspecting public.

Trends are dictated.

Media Reflects the times

Web 1.0

Users are busy searching through limited content.

Content dictated for the user by the webmaster.

All about company advertisement.

Technologies that contributed to Media 2.0

Mobile Phones

High Speed Internet

New Software Development

Mobile Phones

In 1990 mobile phone users number 11 million. In 2004 the figure was 1 billion.

Phones are most obvious sign of the success of wireless technology. Handsets have gotten smaller, lighter, yet more powerful.

Service prices are dropping. Service quality is always being improved . The applications have expanded from voice application to Internet

applications.

Cellular Network Evolution

High Speed Internet

Faster communication speeds between computers allow for more content to be shared even faster.

News, videos and pictures can be shared instantly.

BroadBand Vs Dial-up Adoption

New Software Development

Netscape

o JavaScript

o Secure sockets Layer Protocol (SSL)

o Mozilla Organization

Netscape was the first company to attempt to capitalize on the nascent World Wide Web

Netscape advertised that "the web is for everyone" and stated one of its goals was to "level the playing field" among operating systems by providing a consistent web browsing experience across them.

Media 2.0 Revolution

No longer is content dictated.

Now comes the savior in the form of Web 2.0.

In a way Stealing fire from the gods.

Four fundamental ways that people’s media habits have changed:

ChoiceConversationCreationCollaboration

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 describes web sites that use technology beyond the static pages of earlier web sites.

Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, web applications, and mashups.

Technologies

client-side (web browser) technologies used in Web 2.0 development include Ajax and JavaScript frameworks such as Yui Library, Dojo Toolkit, MooTools, jQuery, Extjs and Prototype JavaScript framework.

Web 2.0

The Web 2.0 application is a rapidly growing technology that promises to help various businesses operate more efficiently and generate more profits.

It encompasses applications such as RSS, blogs, tags, wikis, social bookmarking, interactive encyclopedias and dictionaries, and advanced gaming.

More and more people have started to realize how it enhances interaction in various websites and how it has made online activities a lot more enjoyable and easier.

Media and Web 2.0

Web 2.0 tries to tap the power of humans connected electronically through its new ways at looking at social collaboration. This is one of the commonalities between social networks and Web 2.0 -both have people as their fulcrum.

Social Media

The main agenda of Web 2.0 is to connect people in numerous new ways and utilize their collective strengths. In this regard, many new concepts have been created such as: Techniques(Blogging, Social Networking, Communities, Mashups, and Tagging), Standards (XHTML, CSS,and REST) and Tools (RSS, AJAX, DOJO, PHP and Ruby). The power of Web 2.0 is the creationof new relationships between collaborators and information.

Social media

The power of web 2.0 and social media:

Videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZ0z5Fm-Ng

OCIAL MEDIA

Web 2.0 media applications

Chicago Every block: a crime reporting tool.

The medical community: benefiting from the sharing of information.

Waze.

Photosynth.

Citizen media

Citizen media is a term coined by Clemencia Rodriguez, who defined this concept as 'the transformative processes they bring about within participants and their communities’.

Benefits of citizen media

citizen journalists are complementing mainstream media by providing speedier reports and information from a range of sources that allow mainstream media reports to be better balanced and factually more accurate.

Benefits of freely sharing information

Wikileaks is empowering the common citizen by placing classified reports in his/her hands and urging them to think before they lend direct and unfaltering support to any leaders.

This also results in increased accountability of the global leaders.

Also, there is an increased fear in the government and a sense of increased security among anonymous reporters and journalists.

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Privacy, Security and Safety - Too much transparency creates vulnerabilities

Disconnect - Generational and social divide

Misinformation - Information distribution without checks

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Privacy, Security and Safety Individuals

Public affairs for Business and government

Hackers and Impersonators

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Individual

The sociologist Erving Goffman observed that people have "front-stage" and "backstage" presentations of themselves -- the former a polished form intended for public consumption, the latter raw and unedited. "I think there's more and more of the backstage leaking into day-to-day conversation," says Ron Bishop, a pop culture professor at Drexel University. 1

Without proper Social Media etiquette, users can expose more of themselves to unintended audiences. The ramifications can be catastrophic.

Social Media use without a level of common sense and awareness of the tool being used can risk personal safety.

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

1 http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/06/tech/social-media/misinformation-social-media/index.html2 https://lauraleewalker.wordpress.com/tag/albuquerque-police-department/

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Individual Privacy

In Albuquerque, N.M., a police officer was demoted for listing his occupation as “human waste disposal” on his Facebook page. 1

In one 2009 case, charges against a man accused of illegal gun possession were dropped after it was discovered that the arresting officer had listed his mood as “devious” on his MySpace page and said he was “watching ‘Training Day’ to brush up on proper police procedure. 1

Three junior Congressional staffers were caught on Twitter posting about drinking on the job and insulting their boss. Although the staffers were tweeting from personal accounts, their identities were eventually discovered and they were fired. 1

 Patterson, N.J., schoolteacher was suspended after describing herself as a “warden for future criminals.” Another New Jersey schoolteacher recently came under investigation for making anti-gay remarks on her Facebook page. 1

On April 9th, 2010, four staff members at St. Mary Medical Center in Long Beach, California took photos of a 60-year-old, nearly-decapitated stabbing victim and posted them on Facebook. He died shortly after the photo was taken. This incident was a gross violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which protects patients’ privacy. 2

1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx2 https://lauraleewalker.wordpress.com/tag/albuquerque-police-department/

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Individual Security and Safety risked. Examples from the recent incidents reported in the news.

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Public affairs for Business and government.

Old Model – Controlled dissemination of information

Today - Every organization now has unofficial communicators in their employees “who are not trained or closely controlled” and who have twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn accounts.

Today – Promotion hashtags in Media 2.0 websites can be a double edge sword. Unhappy Social Media users can misappropriate or hijack the hashtag and us it to incur bad publicity or drive their own agenda.

Today – Public Image is tied to your Facebook and twitter posts. A storm of criticism can be easily created from misinterpreted posts or promotions.

Media 2.0 enables persistent memory. Nothing ever seems to go away.

http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Examples of how Media 2.0 has affected public affairs for Business and government.

In November of 2011, a Kansas high school student named Emma Sullivan tweeted some unkind things about Governor Sam Brownback. Brownback’s staff hastily and clumsily responded to Sullivan, and before they knew it, the politician found himself in the middle of a full-blown public relations nightmare. 1 

CelebBoutique, an online store, posted a promotional tweet with the Aurora hashtag to take advantage of a trending topic. Unfortunately, the company's PR apparently did not take the time to read up on why Aurora was trending, so the tweet came off as incredibly insensitive.2

 American Apparel offered 20% off for those in states affected by Hurricane Sandy, in case they were "bored" by the storm. Customers quickly took to Twitter and other social networks to criticize the ad. 2

As the storm made its way up the East Coast, The Gap seemed to encourage those hunkering down for the storm to do some online shopping. The company eventually took down the tweet and offered a semi-apology. 2

Macy's was pressured to drop spokesman Donald Trump after Trump's publicity stunt, in which he offered to donate $5 million in exchange for President Obama's college records and passport application. More than half a million people signed an online petition asking Macy's to sever its relationship with Trump, and the retailer's Facebook and Twitter pages were bombarded with anti-Trump comments. 2

1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx2 http://mashable.com/2012/11/25/social-media-business-disasters-2012/#gallery/biggest-social-media-disasters-of-2012/521295e95198406611001875

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

While Wikileaks and other Media 2.0 mediums have provided more government transparency, they have also brought on disruption of security and have risked lives.

A 2011 report by the Congressional Research Service said that terrorist groups have been known to use social media networks to plot attacks. “Social media could be used as a tool for such purposes by issuing calls for assistance to an area, or notifying officials of a false hazard or threat that requires a response,” the report stated.

http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Hackers and impersonators

In 2012 Facebook released statistics showing that there are more than 83 million fake accounts on its social network. 1

1 http://blog.ohmygov.com/blogs/general_news/archive/2012/07/25/7-reasons-every-government-agency-needs-a-social-media-policy.aspx2 http://www.webpronews.com/you-can-buy-1000-fake-followers-for-18-and-thats-a-huge-problem-for-twitter-2012-08

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

According to WebProNews “Over 27% of the Top 10 Twitter Accounts’ Followers Are Fake”

Barracuda Labs [a multi-disciplinary research and threat analysis team] found 20 eBay sellers and 58 websites devoted to the selling of fake Twitter followers. 2

The average “Abuser” has 48,885 followers. 2

The average fake account follows 1,799 people.

2

Fake!

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Hackers and impersonators

Methods: Phishing, Malware, Vulnerability Exploits on Media 2.0 websites and apps.

What can they do?

http://socialmediatoday.com/mrisher/1227536/asocial-network-how-hackers-use-social-networks-destroy-your-online-life

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Ruin your reputation

Use your PII  to hack your bank account.

Get access to other more private or secrete documents

Acquire more friends to increate their reputation through your account

Acquire access to more accounts

Is that all?

They can overwhelm Organizations such as businesses and government driving their own agendas with floods of fake demands or appeals

Media 2.0 – Privacy, Security and Safety

Hackers and impersonators

How can Media 2.0 pose a risk to our privacy or security?

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Disconnect

Society’s Generational and social divide Closely tied in to the digital divide.

Media 2.0 has psychological effects.

Self – promotion: Hyper lives in Social Media feed narcissism

Communication breakdown Effects in education and learning

What is the connection between Social Networks and Being Lonely? 1

1http://journal.digitaltheatre.com/content/innovation-loneliness

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Disconnect – Generational Divide

1 http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/08/21/report-social-network-demographics-in-2012/2 http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/new-concern-social-media-divide-6C10406195

The generational divide indicates a social network divide

"The more people use [Social Media] for socializing and for their professional life, the more costly it becomes for others (who aren't members)” 2

As younger generations use Media 2.0 in place of normal paths of communication (i.e. Phone call) and this becomes the norm, a greater communication rift is created with older generations that are not adopting this technology.

Non-adopters might miss personal and professional opportunities.

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Disconnect – Social Divide

Similarly we have other groups where we can find divides on the Media 2.0 front.

Privacy supporters do not join Social Media websites or do not participate in order to protect their privacy. 1

Certain Socio-Economic groups are also slow comers into this new form of communication. 2

1 http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/new-concern-social-media-divide-6C104061952 http://www.atwebo.com/social_media.htm#Social Media Divide

Psychological effects?

“The biggest cybersecurity agency in Europe [European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)] peeked at the future, 2014, to predict the effects of online social media connectivity 24/7 and concluded that too much social networking could make you paranoid and feel like you are constantly under surveillance by Big Brother.”

http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/too-much-social-media-networking-paranoia-big

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Media 2.0 Nourishes a culture of Self – promotion

In “Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the United States” by Jin-Liang Wang and Linda A. Jacksona

“In the United States, it’s all about promoting yourself and taking credit for positive outcomes and denying blame for negative outcomes,” Jackson says. “In China, it’s the opposite. If something bad happens, you take the blame and talk about how you can improve. If something good happens, the credit is shared for the good of the group.”

The researchers surveyed over 400 social networkers in each country to try and find out how they used the sites.  The study finds that US participants spent nearly twice as long on social networking sites (nearly 52 minutes a day) compared with Chinese participants (about 28 minutes a day). Further, nearly a fifth (19 percent) of Chinese participants said they almost never use social networking sites, compared to just 4 percent in the United States. 2

1 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S07475632120032992 http://www.adigaskell.org/blog/2013/02/08/the-social-media-cultural-divide/#sthash.67bVmlYD.dpuf

How can it affect Learning?

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Effects on Education and Learning

In “Advantages and Disadvantages of Sosial Networking” by Don Quick PHD

1. Being connected and search for information on Facebook, Google, and other web services simultaneously, seize and fragment our attention. Although students can develop “scanning and skimming” skills, they could also get used to not paying enough attention to what is important.

2. They can subvert higher-order reasoning processes, “including the kind of focus, concentration, and persistence necessary for critical thinking and intellectual development” (Lederer, 2012).

3. Some researchers have correlated heavy Internet use with greater impulsivity, less patience, less tenacity, and weaker critical thinking skills (Connelly, 2011).

4. Prolonged Internet use exposes students to interactive, repetitive, and addictive stimuli that produce permanent changes in brain structure and function damaging their learning skills (Connelly, 2011).

4. While it is true that the more one uses the Internet and social media, the better the brain can skim and scan, research suggests that these gains degrade the capacity for concentration.

http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Sosial-Networking/165292

What is the connection between Social Networks and

Being Lonely?

http://journal.digitaltheatre.com/content/innovation-loneliness

Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=c6Bkr_udado

Media 2.0 – Negatives

Misinformation - Information distribution without checks and it’s impact

Fake!

Image “borrowed” from an Art Installation

Misinformation spread rampant in social media.

Who falls far it?Individual personsMedia AgenciesLarge Organizations

“Banker’s Tip” reported by multiple media entities including

CNN.

1 http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/06/tech/social-media/misinformation-social-media/index.html

Reporter Myers later stated “You know, I got that from the National Weather Service Chat bulletin board”

More Disruptive behavior generated by Social Media

Misinformation

Unsupported claims posted and reposted by users

No Fact checking by Media Agencies

Spread of misrepresented information seeps into our daily lives and slowly twists facts.

Why does it matter?

Misrepresentation – cultural impact

"I mourn the loss of thousands of precious lives, but I will not rejoice in the death of one, not even an enemy." - Martin Luther King, Jr

“When Osama Bin Laden was killed in May 2011, certain rousing quotations captured the social media sentiment and were repeated and spread widely.”1

1 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/04/it-wasnt-sunil-tripathi-the-anatomy-of-a-misinformation-disaster/275155/

"I've never wished a man dead, but I have read some obituaries with great pleasure." - Mark Twain

“All men have an emotion to kill; when they strongly dislike some one they involuntarily wish he was dead. I have never killed any one, but I have read some obituary notices with great satisfaction.” - Clarence Darrow

Impact during Tragedies

Impact during Tragedies

In 2011, rescue efforts after the tsunami disaster in Japan were hampered by misleading and confusing tweets, according to a report by International Journal of Web Based Communities. “The biggest problem was the reliability of Twitter updates, particularly in calls for help, that were misplaced or lies,” the report noted. 

Impact during Tragedies

… On Monday, social media site Reddit acknowledged its role in helping to disseminate false information, saying, "Some of the activity on reddit fueled online witch hunts and dangerous speculation."

Reddit also said it apologized to the family of missing Brown University student Sunil Tripathi, who was misidentified on social media as a bombing suspect…

Missleading Health Information

Why Does it Matter?

http://mashable.com/2012/04/18/social-media-and-the-news/

Why Does it Matter?

Why Does it Matter?

Why Does it Matter?

Information is power and can trigger positive changes.

Misinformation and misrepresentation are confusion and can create hurdles. Stocks were affected by a malicious twit from a (hacked) reputable handle.

News Media Credibility drops as they continue to report unsupported news.

Police efforts to investigate crimes are cluttered by distractions generated by false twitter and Facebook reports.

Quotes, images, and erroneous postings end up seeping into our everyday lives as more and more people share and re-share the misinformation and do not bother to check its authenticity.

Ultimately, this information becomes part of our social interaction degrading the quality of our culture.

Our Social Interaction based on Misinformation

Not only did #HelpFindKara trend worldwide on Twitter, nearly 34,000 people retweeted her call for help to raise awareness about the incident. She also gained about 95,000 followers by Monday morning and the local police department received more than 6,000 calls after her tweet went viral.

What’s next for media 2.0?

Web 3.0 (Still in development stages) “Semantic Web”

Tagging

Web 4.0 (Still in development stages) “Symbiotic Web”.

Web will become a personal companion.

(Voice recognition could be perfected)