media habits of arab youth jad melki asst. prof. of journalism and media studies american university...
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Media Habits of Arab Youth
Jad MelkiAsst. Prof. of Journalism and Media Studies
American University of [email protected]
Sponsored by The Issam Fares Institute – AUB
UNICEF
Media Habits of Arab Youth
What old and new media do various Arab youths use to consume and produce news, information and entertainment, particularly print, broadcast, satellite, mobile, online, and Web 2.0 media?
…. and what are the policy implications of these media habits?
Method: Survey
2744 students43 schools & universities
13 – 28 years old.56% female - 44% male.
Sample skewed in favor of: urban, mid-upper income, literateWeighted in favor of lower-mid income
pilot study
1
Language and Media
Blogging
Entertainment
Work or Schoolwork
Watching TV
News
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
81%
66%
64%
57%
32%
11%
23%
25%
24%
57%
4%
2%
3%
2%
1%
(1) Which language do you mainly use with the following?
English Arabic French
Blogging
Entertainment
Work or Schoolwork
Watching TV
News
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
81%
66%
64%
57%
32%
11%
23%
25%
24%
57%
4%
2%
3%
2%
1%
(1) Which language do you mainly use with the following?
English Arabic French
2
Online Social Networking&
Blogging
Fun
Connect with existing friends
Connect with family
Make new friends
Express opinion
Conduct business
Political activism
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
84%
84%
58%
55%
41%
9%
5%
(2a) For what do you mainly use online social networks?
Fun
Connect with existing friends
Connect with family
Make new friends
Express opinion
Conduct business
Political activism
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
84%
84%
58%
55%
41%
9%
5%
(2a) For what do you mainly use online social networks?
2b. Blogging
say they had
NEVERwritten a blog entry
77%
Music and entertainment news
Arts and culture
Sports news
Travel
Science and technology
International news
Health news
Religion
Local political news
Arab political news
Economic and financial news
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
68%
37%
33%
25%
23%
20%
18%
17%
15%
14%
11%
(2b) What do you blog about?
3
News
No Time at all
Less than one hour
About one hour
About two hours
Three or more hours
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
20%
44%
17%
10%
10%
(3a) How much time daily do you spend on news?
Television
Friends & Family
Professional news websites
Internet videos
SMS
Oneline Social Networks
Newspapers and magazines
Radio
Blogs
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
45
38
31
31
31
31
31
19
18
6
34
29
28
28
23
21
21
30
28
10
15
21
23
22
22
20
19
31
31
14
6
12
18
19
24
28
29
20
23
70
(3b) Which of the following do you most frequently use for news?
Several times a day About once a day About once a week Never
Music and entertainment news
International news
Sports news
Science and technology
Health news
Local political news
Arts and culture
Arab political news
Travel
Religion
Economic and financial news
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
67%
43%
41%
39%
38%
36%
36%
30%
23%
23%
18%
(3c) What news genre do you mainly follow?
4
Entertainment and Leisure
usually use media
for entertainmentMORE THAN THREE HOURS/DAY
55%
4. Entertainment and Leisure Related Media Habits
Watch TV programs
Mobile phone texting
Listen to music on a PC
Talk on a mobile
Listen to music on MP3 player
Listen to music on radio or TV
Listen to music on CD/Cassette
Online social networking
Online Chatting
Watch videos on DVD/VHS
Watch videos online
Play games on mobile
Watch videos on PC
Use Skype or other VOIP
Play video or computer games
Play internet games
Play sports or board games
Read books or magazines
Read blogs
Watch movies at theater
Read ebooks
Watch live theater plays
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
(4) How often do you use the following for entertainment?
Never About once a week About once a day Several times a day
5
Television
watched TVIN THEIR BEDROOMS
48%
5. Television Habits
had at homeTHREE OR MORE TV SETS
56%
Eat
Chat with people present
Cell phone texting
Talk on the phone
Listen to music
Browse online
Do homework/work
Play video games
Read
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
87%
59%
53%
50%
41%
39%
36%
35%
19%
17%
(5) What else do you do while watching TV?
Movies
Comedy series
Music videos
Drama series
Cartoons
Sports
Documentaries
Game shows
Newscasts
Political talk shows
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
87%
78%
62%
55%
43%
43%
38%
29%
26%
21%
(5) What do you mainly watch on TV?
6
Attitudes Toward Internet
No restrictions
Less restrictions
More restrictions
Fully restricted or banned
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
21%
31%
40%
8%
Internet content should have/be
(6) General Attitudes Toward the Internet
(6) Perception of the Internetthreats
say information from Internet
very or somewhat
TRUSTWORTHY
83%
helps me gain political power
helps me influence government
helps goverments monitor me
helps corrupt me
threatens my privacy
distracts me from work/school
helps advocate my causes/beliefs
helps me express my opinion
helps me with work/school
offers great entertainment opp.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
40
33
30
31
26
20
10
7
3
2
30
32
31
29
28
25
20
11
4
4
21
26
26
27
32
37
48
51
23
26
9
9
13
13
14
18
22
31
70
68
(6) General Attitudes Toward The Internet
Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree
Never used a credit card online
Never purchased a product online
Never clicked on an online ad
Downloaded music at least once
Downloaded software at least once
Downloaded games at least once
Downloaded movies at least once
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
82%
82%
54%
85%
71%
50%
50%
(6) Which of the following have you done in the past 30 days?
Concluding Notes
• Media consumers, not producers • English main language, except for news• Entertainment dominant purpose • Web is for freebees• TV remains king, while blogs barely register• Print news and radio on the weak side• Alarming trust in new media
Tech savvy, not media literate
Going Forward
Preparing for 2nd phaseGlobal Survey of Youth
Policy Papers:Highlighting policy priorities for each region
Acknowledgement Research AssistantsAmeen JaberBasma TabajaEwan AbbasiFarah MadadhaHaidar SahebHiba SleimanJanet BarhoumMaryam SaadMichael OghiaNoaf AhmadNour AmacheSamia el-OstaSara AjlyakinSari MajdalaniYasmine al-Sakka
Issam Fares InstituteRami KhouryZina SawafMuneira Hoballah
Funding Issam Fares InstituteUnicef