medical analysis department faculty of science
TRANSCRIPT
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(First Course) 3rd Grade –2020-2021
1st lab
Asst.lec: Muzhda H. Saber
Date:17-10-2021
MEDICAL ANALYSIS DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF SCIENCE
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Arteries
Veins
Lecture outline
• Structure of Blood
• Function of blood components
• ABO groups
• Blood components Abbreviations
• Diseases related to the Blood
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Learning outcomes:
• Recognize the blood composition
• Determining blood components structure
and functions in human body.
• How to differentiate between them
• Diseases and disorders related to the blood
• Learning their abbreviations.
• Some blood tests and laboratory Terms.
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Structure and Function of Blood
• Complex mixture of cells, water, proteins
and sugars.
• Transports nutrients, oxygen, and
hormones to all parts of the body.
• Helps regulate body temperature.
• Transports waste products away from body
cells.
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Blood Composition
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Fluid Portion
- Plasma consisting of:
• water
• proteins
• salts
• nutrients
• vitamins
• hormones
Cellular Portion
Cellular composition:
Blood cells consisting
of:
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
Note: If proteins and blood cells were removed from
plasma the remaining fluid would be called serum.
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Plasma
Clear liquid made up of 92% water and 8%
organic and inorganic biochemicals.
Plasma Proteins
albumin
fibrinogen
globulin
prothrombin
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Serum and plasma
1. Plasma is composed of serum and clotting
factors.
2. Serum is the part of blood which lack
clotting factors.
Red Blood Cells
• Also known as erythrocytes.
• Mature red blood cells have no nucleus and
appear biconcave.
• Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells
that is essential to the transport of oxygen.
• Red blood cells live about 120 days.9
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Blood Cell
Red blood cells Blood Cell
d Blood Cells Part 2Hemoglobin
heme globin
Red Blood Cell
Hemoglobin is an iron containing biomolecule
that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red
color of the RBC.
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White blood cells(WBCs) Whit
Leukocytes• Also known as Leukocytes
• Function to destroy foreign substances
• Two main groups are granulocytes and
agranulocytes
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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Platelets
Platelets
•Also known as
thrombocytes
•Live for about
10 days
•Assist in blood
clotting
Red blood cells Platelets
Damaged
Platelets begin to
adhere to tissue edges
and to each other .
They form a soft
platelet plug.
Other clotting factors
make a stable plug or
clot.
Tissue and anti-
thrombin, and other
agents break down the
clot.
Blood types
• Four human blood types or groups exist
A, B, AB, O
• People with type O blood can donate to all
other types and are called universal donors.
Individuals with type AB are called
universal recipients.14
Rh factor
• In addition to the blood type, there is a
positive or negative element found in the
blood.
• Rh positive blood contain D antigen.
• Rh negative blood does not contain D
antigen.
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Combining Forms (agglutin)Combining Form Meaning
agglutin (o)
eosino
erythr (o)
hemat (o)
phag (o)
thromb (o)
agglutinin
eosinophil
red
blood
eating
blood clot
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Combining Forms (APTT)Abbreviation Meaning
baso
CBC
Eos
HGB, Hb
basophil
complete blood count
eosinophils
Hemoglobin
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The withdrawal of blood for
examination, known as
venipuncture is used very
frequently as a diagnostic tool.
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Common Blood Analyses
• Complete blood count
- common screen for basic
medical checkup
• Blood chemistry
- tests plasma for various substances such as
glucose and electrolytes.
Common Blood Analyses cont.
• Blood culture
-tests a blood
specimen in a
culture to identify
the presence of
microorganisms
•Hemoglobin
-measures level
of hemoglobin in
the blood
• White blood
cell differential
- tests number
and types of
leukocytes
•Prothrombin time
-tests for coagulation
defects
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Hemolysis
•Breakdown
in red blood
cell membrane
Polycythemia
•Abnormal increase
in red blood cells
and hemoglobin
Aniosocytosis
•Red blood cells
vary in size and
shape
Macrocytosis
•Abnormally
large red blood
cells
Microcytosis
•Abnormally small
red blood cells
Common
Disorders related to
RBC
Https://www2.Palomar.Edu/anthro/blood/quizzes/bldquiz1.Htm
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Homework
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