medical emergencies anaphylaxis, asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, cpr
TRANSCRIPT
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Epilepsy, Diabetes, CPR
ALLERGY/ANAPHYLAXIS
• Allergies occur when the immune system becomes sensitive and overreacts to common substances that are normally harmless.
• Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life threatening allergic reaction– Can occur within seconds– Affects various organ systems including the skin,
respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS• Skin hives/flushing of face and
chest• Swelling of face/tongue/lips• Tightness of throat/chest/difficulty
breathing/ cough/hoarse voice• Pale/blue colour skin/weak
pulse/loss of consciousness/feeling weak or dizzy
• Nausea/vomiting/abdominal cramps/diarrhoea
• Anxiety/irritability
The EPIPEN (Epinephrine/adrenaline auto-injector)
• Child/adult doses• Pre-measured single dose• No contraindications when used in
a life threatening emergency• If unsure, but the individual seems
in distress – use the EPIPEN• All staff are required to be able to
give an EPIPEN when needed
EPIPEN PROCEDURE
• Have someone call 999• Check EPIPEN solution is clear• Remove grey safety cap• Hold EPIPEN with black tip
against the outer area of the thigh muscle
• Apply moderate pressure to hear a click and hold in place for 10 seconds (press the red button for Anapen)
EPIPEN PROCEDURE CONT.
• Remove EPIPEN and massage area for 10 seconds
• Be prepared to begin CPR• Stay with the individual until
help arrives• Store the used EPIPEN safely
and send with individual to hospital
• Effect will wear off 10-20 minutes
ASTHMA
Asthma is a condition that effects the airways of the lungs.
The muscles around the walls of the airways tighten. The lining becomes inflamed and sometimes there is the production of sticky sputum.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS• Coughing• Wheezing• Shortness of breath • Tightness in chest• Unable to speak in full
sentences• Unusually quiet• Skin pale or blue• Confused/irritable• RR>30/min• HR>120bpm• Use of accessory muscles
THE SEVERITY OF ASTHMA
Sam Linton had an asthma attack and died at school. Inquest ruled that staff negligence contributed to his death.
Asthma UK stats (2009)• 1,131 deaths on UK• 12 under 12 years• 1 in 11 children have asthma• Most common long term medical
condition• On average 2 per classroom• Every 17 minutes one child is
admitted to hospital
ACTION – MILD/MODERATE• Mild attack give 2 puffs
every 3-4 hours. Monitor for 10-15 mins before returning to activity
• Moderate give 2 puffs and reassess after 20 mins. If no improvement give 2 more puffs, arrange transfer to hospital
ACTION-SEVERE ASTHMA
• Administer 2-4 puffs of reliever inhaler immediately
• Contact ambulance and parents and arrange transfer to hospital
• Stay with child • If no improvement continue
to administer 2-4 further puffs of inhaler every 20 minutes (max 10 puffs/hour)
EPILEPSY• Epilepsy is the tendency to have
recurrent seizures.• A seizure is caused by a sudden
burst of electrical energy in all or some of the brain.
• Causes in children may be febrile, brain damage from injury or disease
• Grand mal• Petit mal (absence seizures)• Status epilepticus (potentially life
threatening)
FIRST AID FOR CONVULSIONS• Protect the child from injury (remove
harmful objects)• Do not try and restrain the child• Never attempt to put anything into the
child's mouth or in between the teeth• Time the length of the seizure. If more
than 5 minutes call 999• When the seizure has finished stay
with the child and reassure• Place in the recovery position. Check
the mouth to ensure that nothing is blocking the airway
DIABETES
Type 1• Usually genetic, develops as
a child• Pancreas looses the ability
to produce insulin• Insulin dependent –
individual has to inject insulin regularly to stay alive
Type 2• Frequently occurs in later
life• Pancreas cannot produce
enough insulin to cope with the body’s blood sugar levels
• May be prevented or controlled by a healthy lifestyle
BALANCING DIABETES
DIABETESHyperglycaemia is when the blood sugar is too high
• Too much food• Too little insulin• Decreased activity• Illness• Infection• Stress
Hypoglycaemia when the blood sugar dips too low
• Too much insulin• Missed food• Delayed food• Too much or too intense
exercise• Unscheduled exercise
HYPERGLYCEAMIA
SYMPTOMS• Thirst• Frequent urination• Fatigue/sleepiness• Blurred vision• Flushing of skin• Sweet fruity breath• Nausea/vomiting
ACTIONS NEEDED• Allow free use of
bathroom• Encourage to drink water• Contact trained personnel
to monitor blood, urine and to administer insulin
• If symptoms severe arrange transfer to hospital
HYPOGLYCEAMIASYPMTOMS• Hunger• Shakiness/weakness• Pale• Anxiety/irritability• Sweating• Headache• Behaviour change• Confusion• Blurred vision• Slurred speech• Drowsy/loss of consciousness• seizure
ACTIONS NEEDED• Provide quick sugar source
snack or drink• Re-check blood sugar• Follow with a snack of
carbohydrate and protein• If severe do not attempt to
give anything by mouth• If decreased/loss of
consciousness position on side
• Contact 999/parents• Administer glucagon
CPR
• Ensure victim, bystanders and yourself are safe
• Check for response• Check ABC• Call 999• 5 rescue breaths• Compressions/ventilation
30:2• Recovery position
LETS ALL STRIVE FOR A HEALTHY SCHOOOL YEAR