medical immunology
DESCRIPTION
Medical Immunology. Department of Immunology. Yiwei Chu [email protected]. 2010-4-19. Medical Immunology. One of the six-year undergraduate professional courses Overview of the immune system, immune response and regulation, immune diseases Basic immunological theory (theory course) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Department of Immunology
Medical Immunology
One of the six-year undergraduate professional
courses
Overview of the immune system, immune response
and regulation, immune diseases
Basic immunological theory (theory course)
Immunochemical and cellular techniques
(experimental course)
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Department of Immunology
Textbook
Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology
(Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas,
Andrew H. Lichtman
Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition),
Charles A Janeway
Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the
theory examination and the experimental report
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Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first
University Departments in the world devoted
specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale,
in 1988)
A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and
research
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Department of Immunology
Department of Immunology
Rui He
Xiaowu HongQing Lu
Bo Gao
Wei Xu
Yiwei Chu
Haifeng Gao
Yunlu Lin
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Department of Immunology
Chapter 1
General Properties of Immune
Responses
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Department of Immunology
Content
1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology
2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT)
Derived from the Latin word
Protection from legal prosecution
Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance
to reinfection/free of disease.
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Plague of Athens
“Yet it was with those who had recovered from the disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally”
Resistance to re-infection-Immunity
History of Immunology
Thucydides (430 BC)
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Department of Immunology
IMMUNITY ---protection from disease (infectious disease)
IMMUNE SYSTEM --- organ, cell, molecule and gene
IMMUNE RESPNSE --- response to the foreign substances
Define of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
---immune defence (infectious disease)
--- immune surveillance
--- immune homeostasis
Define of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the
body as protection against environmental
agents that are foreign to the body
Microorganisms
Foods
Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.
Define of Immunity
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Department of Immunology
Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox
spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and
include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash
with flat red sores.
History of Immunology
Smallpox
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Department of Immunology
Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great
invention of medicine in ancient China.
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Edward Jenner(1749 -1823)
Edward Jenner memorial hall
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Preparation of smallpoxPreparation of smallpox
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Edward Jenner Chinese-Variolation
Prophylactic measure
against Smallpox
1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia
Induced Protection Against
Small Pox-Vaccination
2 Centuries to Eradicate Small
Pox
Greatest Triumph in Modern
Medicine
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
The announcement by
the WHO in 1980 that
smallpox was the first
disease that had been
eradicated worldwide
by a program of
vaccination
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
1880 Vaccine
1881 Vaccine to Anthrax
1885 Vaccine to Rabies
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
1890 von Behring and Kitasato:
Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can confer protection.
Serotherapy Serum of vaccinated
people had substances that specifically bound to the relevant pathogen (ANTIBODIES)
Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917
A German bacteriologist
History of Immunology
Discovery of Humoral Immunity
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Department of Immunology
430 B.C. Thucydides People have been sicked free from illness
Song dynasty A divine doctor Emei Mountain Variolation
1798 Jenner Vaccination
1880 Pasteur Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine
1890 Behring/Kitasato Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunity hypothesis
1883 Metchnikoff Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis
1905 Pirquet/Schick Horse serum sickness (Hypersensitivity)
1945 Owen/Burnet Immune tolerance hypothesis
1959 Burnet Clonal selection hypothesis
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
History of Immunology
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Department of Immunology
WHAT is the immune system?
Complex defense system
Physiological function is to
Prevent infections
Eradicate established infections
Self/Nonself discrimination
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Department of Immunology
ALL animals.
Vert-Invert systems: analogous
Various vert systems: homologous
Who has an immune system?
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Department of Immunology
Who has an immune system?
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Department of Immunology
Severe Fungal
Infection in a
Fruit Fly.
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Department of Immunology
foreign agent
use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent
produce specific components directed against the agent
How Does Immune System Work?
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Department of Immunology
Content
1. History of Immunology1. History of Immunology
2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
3. Adaptive Immune Responses3. Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
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Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity
a. Physical and chemical barriers
b. Phagocytic cells and NK cells
c. Blood proteins
d. Cytokines
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Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
a. Lymphocytes and their products
b. Antigen
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Department of Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Cardinal
Features
Types
Cellular
Components Phases
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Types
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
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Department of Immunology
Types of
Adaptive
Immunity
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Department of Immunology
Yes(T cells)
How can immunity be induced in an individual?
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Cellular
Components
Cardinal Features
Phases Types
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Phases
Cellular Components
Cardinal
Features Types
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Department of Immunology
Cellular Components
Adaptive Immune Responses
• Lymphocytes - B, Th, CTL, NKT
• Antigen-presenting cells(APCs)- DC, M, B
• Effector cells - Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Types
Phases
Cardinal
FeaturesCellular
Components
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Phases
Recognition of antigen
Activation of lymphocytes
Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Recognition of antigen
Activation of lymphocytes
Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Recognition of antigen
Activation of lymphocytes
Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Antigen
Microbial products or
components of innate
immune responses to
microbes
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Department of Immunology
Recognition of antigen
Activation of lymphocytes
Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Elimination of antigen by antibody
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Department of Immunology
Adaptive Immune Responses
Elimination of antigen by T cells
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Department of Immunology
Recognition of antigen
Activation of lymphocytes
Effector phase of immune responses:
Elimination of antigen
Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
At the end of an immune respose,
the immune system returns to its
basal resting state,in large part
because most of the progeny of
antigen-stimulation lymphocytes die
by apoptosis.
Adaptive Immune Responses
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Department of Immunology
Behring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet BordetBehring Koch Metchnikoff Ehrlich Richet Bordet
Landsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman SnellLandsteiner Theiler Bovet Burnet Medawar Porter Edelman Snell
Dausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty ZinkernagelDausset Benacerraf Jerne Tonegawa Thomas Murray Doherty Zinkernagel
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Department of Immunology
Thank you!Department of Immunology