medical important fungi. biological characteristics of fungi and laboratory diagnostics of human...
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Medical important fungi. Biological characteristics of fungi and
laboratory diagnostics of human mycoses.
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology
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Fungi are divided due to their morphology into:
1. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi 2. Moulds or filamentous fungi 3. Dimorphic fungi
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Morphology of yeasts and yeast-like fungi
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Morphology of moulds
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Taxonomy of fungiKingdom: Mycota (Fungi)Divisions: Eumycota (true fungi)
Myxomycota (mycous fungi)Classes: Fungi perfecti
1. Chytridiomycetes2. Hyphochytridiomycetes3. Oomycetes4. Zygomycetes5. Ascomycetes 6. Basidiomycetes
Fungi inperfecti : Deuteromycetes or hyphomycetes.
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Cultivation of fungiNutrient media :1. Sabouraud`s glucose agar (pH 5.4)2. Sabouraud`s glucose broth3. Czapek-Dox medium4. Cornmeal agar
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Cultural characteristics
Yeast-like fungi and dimorphic fungi at 370C form colonies, resemble to bacterial ones:smooth, creamy, with entire edges, colored in white, beige, and yellowish
Filamentous fungi and dimorphic fungi at 220C grow with formation fluffy, velvety colonies with any color of reverse.
Deuteromycetes usually form powdery or cottony colonies, pigmented on reverse
Morphology of mycelium elements (hyphae, spores, sporangiofores and conidiophores, macroconidia) are important identification criteria for filamentous fungi (dermatomycetes and moulds)
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Colonies of filamentous fungi
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Clinical classification of the fungi
1. Fungi, causing systemic or deep mycoses of humans
2. Fungi, provoking subcutaneos mycoses
3. Fungi, causing cutaneous mycoses
4. Fungi, causing opportunistic infections
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Fungi, causing deep mycoses
1. Cryptococcus neoformans
2. Blastomyces dermatitidis
3. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
4. Coccidioides immitis
5. Histoplasma capsulatum
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Subcutaneous mycoses
1. Mycetoma (Madura foot, maduramycosis)2. Sporotrichosis 3. Chromoblastomycosis
Superficial mycoses1. Surface infections2. Cutaneous infections
Opportunistic systemic mycoses
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Laboratory diagnostics
Fungal diseases may be diagnosed with:1. Microscopy of material from lesions2. Culture method3. Serological method 4. Allergic skin tests
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Dermatomycoses
1. Trichophyton2. Microsporum3. Epidermophyton
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Epidemiology
1. anthropophilic (T.rubrum, E.floccosum, M.audonii),
2. zoophilic (T.verrucosum, T.mentagrophytes, M.canis),
3. geophilic (M.gypseum, T.ajelloi).
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Classification
1. Tinea corporis (T.rubrum and any other dermatophyte)
2. Tinea capitis (Microsporum any species and Trichophyton most species)
3. Tinea barbae or barber`s itch (T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, T.verrucosum)
4. Tinea cruris (E.flocossum, T.rubrum)5. Tinea pedis or athletes` foot disease
(T.interdigitalis, E.flocossum, T.rubrum)6. Flavus (T.schoenleinii)
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Laboratory diagnostics of dermatomycoses
1. Microscopy examination2. Culture method3. Allergic skin tests with trychophytin4. Exposure to UV light
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Examination of tinea capitis with Wood`s lamp
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Microscopy of Microsporum species
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Microscopy of Epidermophyton sp.
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Microscopy of Trychophyton sp.
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Candidiasis
Candidosis (candidiasis, moniliasis) is an endogenous opportunistic mycosis of the skin, mucosa and rarely of the internal organs, caused by C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.glabrata, C.krusei and other species
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Clinical forms of candidiasis
1. Cutaneous candidosis (intertriginous, paronycheal, onycheal)
2. Mucosal candidosis (oral thrush, vaginitis)
3. Intestinal candidosis
4. Bronchopulmonary candidosis
5. Systemic infections (septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis)
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Oral thrush (creamy white patches on the tongue or buccal mucosa,
that leave a blooding lesions after removal)
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Candidosis at AIDS patients
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Cutaneous candidosis
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Laboratory diagnostics of candidosis
1. Microscopy.
2. Culture method
3. Skin allergic test with candidin
4. Serological method
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Scanning electron micrograph of the Candida)
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Fungal diseases