medical nutrition therapy for cancer prevention, treatment, and recovery chapter 40
TRANSCRIPT
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery
Chapter 40Chapter 40
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CancerCancer
When cells divide and reproduce abnormally and have the potential to spread throughout the body, crowding out normal cells and tissues
One third of the cancer deaths in the United States each year can be attributed to nutrition and other lifestyle factors.
When cells divide and reproduce abnormally and have the potential to spread throughout the body, crowding out normal cells and tissues
One third of the cancer deaths in the United States each year can be attributed to nutrition and other lifestyle factors.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cancer—CauseCancer—Cause
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cancer—PathophysiologyCancer—Pathophysiology
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cancer—Medical and Nutritional ManagementCancer—Medical and Nutritional Management
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prevention FactorsPrevention Factors
Energy balance and exercise
Fat
Protein
Fiber
Fruits and vegetables
Chemoprevention
Energy balance and exercise
Fat
Protein
Fiber
Fruits and vegetables
Chemoprevention
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prevention Factors—cont’dPrevention Factors—cont’d
Alcohol
Coffee and tea
Artificial sweeteners
Nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines
Method of food preparation
Alcohol
Coffee and tea
Artificial sweeteners
Nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines
Method of food preparation
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables
Appear to have a protective effect against cancer
Thought to be due to the phytoestrogen and phytochemical content of the plant-based diet
Appear to have a protective effect against cancer
Thought to be due to the phytoestrogen and phytochemical content of the plant-based diet
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FatFat
Research, although controversial, has shown evidence that high-fat diets are linked to an increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, lung, and prostate
Research, although controversial, has shown evidence that high-fat diets are linked to an increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, lung, and prostate
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
American Cancer Society’s Dietary Recommendations for Cancer PreventionAmerican Cancer Society’s Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
1. Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources.
2. Adopt a physically active lifestyle.
3. Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight throughout life.
4. Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages.
1. Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources.
2. Adopt a physically active lifestyle.
3. Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight throughout life.
4. Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pharmacological Agents for Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome and Weight Loss ManagementPharmacological Agents for Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome and Weight Loss Management
Appetite stimulants
Metabolic agents and cytokine blockers
Prokinetic drugs
Anabolic agents
Appetite stimulants
Metabolic agents and cytokine blockers
Prokinetic drugs
Anabolic agents
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Factors That Affect AppetiteFactors That Affect Appetite
Reference: American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective, Washington, DC, 1997, AICR.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nutritional Implications of Cancer TherapyNutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy Chemotherapy
—Taste abnormalities, diarrhea, constipation
Radiation therapy
—Fatigue, loss of appetite, skin changes
Surgery
—Fatigue, pain, loss of appetite
Immunotherapy
—Flulike symptoms, decreased food intake
Chemotherapy
—Taste abnormalities, diarrhea, constipation
Radiation therapy
—Fatigue, loss of appetite, skin changes
Surgery
—Fatigue, pain, loss of appetite
Immunotherapy
—Flulike symptoms, decreased food intake
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy—cont’dNutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy—cont’d
Bone marrow transplant
—Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia
Severe oral muscositis
Graft versus host disease (GVHD)
Veno-occlusive disease (VOD)
Bone marrow transplant
—Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia
Severe oral muscositis
Graft versus host disease (GVHD)
Veno-occlusive disease (VOD)
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Marrow Transplantation—CauseMarrow Transplantation—Cause
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Marrow Transplantation—PathophysiologyMarrow Transplantation—Pathophysiology
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Marrow Transplantation—Medical and Nutritional ManagementMarrow Transplantation—Medical and Nutritional Management
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Severe Oral Mucositis Following Marrow TransplantationSevere Oral Mucositis Following Marrow Transplantation
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor TherapyGuidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy
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Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy —cont’dGuidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy —cont’d
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative TherapiesCommonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Macrobiotic diet
Vegetarian diet
Gerson therapy
Kelley/Gonzales regimen
Juice therapies
Macrobiotic diet
Vegetarian diet
Gerson therapy
Kelley/Gonzales regimen
Juice therapies
Shark cartilage
DHEA
Enzymes
Oxymedicine
Coenzyme Q10
Shark cartilage
DHEA
Enzymes
Oxymedicine
Coenzyme Q10
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies—cont’dCommonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies—cont’d
Black cohosh
Echinacea
Flaxseed
Ginger
Iscador
Black cohosh
Echinacea
Flaxseed
Ginger
Iscador
Milk thistle
PC-SPECS
Saw palmetto
Soy and soy foods
Teas
Milk thistle
PC-SPECS
Saw palmetto
Soy and soy foods
Teas
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nutrition in the Etiology of CancerNutrition in the Etiology of Cancer
Epidemiologic research has evaluated the role of diet in the etiology of cancer in different population groups.
Diets contain inhibitors and enhancers of carcinogenesis.
Laboratory studies have served as models to test the effect of food and nutrition on cancer development.
Epidemiologic research has evaluated the role of diet in the etiology of cancer in different population groups.
Diets contain inhibitors and enhancers of carcinogenesis.
Laboratory studies have served as models to test the effect of food and nutrition on cancer development.