medical parasitology - freemicrobiology.free.fr/presentations/gp.pdf · glossary parasitology...
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MEDICAL
PARASITOLOGYMEDICAL MEDICAL
PARASITOLOGYPARASITOLOGY
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GlossaryGlossary
Parasitology Parasitology
Parasite Parasite
Host Host
Intermediate host Intermediate host
Final hostFinal host
MonoxenousMonoxenous
HeteroxenousHeteroxenous
Larve Larve
VectorVector
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�� Symbiosis Symbiosis
�� CommensalismsCommensalisms
�� MutualismMutualism
�� Parasitism Parasitism
�� SaprophytismeSaprophytisme
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Type of parasitesType of parasites►►Ectoparasites (Ectozoa)Ectoparasites (Ectozoa)
ExpExp: louse, tick, mite, flea.: louse, tick, mite, flea.►►Endoparasites (Entozoa)Endoparasites (Entozoa)
ExpExp: plasmodium sp.: plasmodium sp.►►facultative parasitesfacultative parasites
ExpExp: microscopic mould.: microscopic mould.►►accidental (occasional) parasitesaccidental (occasional) parasites
ExpExp: myriapode.: myriapode.
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Type of parasitesType of parasites
►►Obligatory parasitesObligatory parasites
ExpExp: plasmodium sp. : plasmodium sp. ►►Permanent parasitesPermanent parasites
ExpExp: itch mites. : itch mites. ►►Temporary parasitesTemporary parasites
ExpExp: flea, mosquito. : flea, mosquito. ►►Periodic parasitesPeriodic parasites
ExpExp: Ankylostoma duodenalis.: Ankylostoma duodenalis.
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Type of parasitesType of parasites
►►Erratic parasitesErratic parasites
ExpExp: : Ascaris into fallopian tubesAscaris into fallopian tubes..
►►Specific parasitesSpecific parasites
ExpExp: : AscarisAscaris..
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Nomenclature of parasitesNomenclature of parasites
GGenus + enus + sspeciespecies
ExpExp: : AAscaris scaris llumbricoides umbricoides LinnaeusLinnaeus..
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Studying methods of parasites Studying methods of parasites
�� Important point for studying of a parasitesImportant point for studying of a parasites..
☻☻ Discovery history of a parasiteDiscovery history of a parasite..
☻☻ Geographic distributionGeographic distribution..
☻☻ Inhabit of parasites in host bodyInhabit of parasites in host body..
☻☻ Morphology of parasitesMorphology of parasites..
☻☻ Life cycle of parasitesLife cycle of parasites..
☻☻ Situation of infectionSituation of infection..
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Studying methods of parasitesStudying methods of parasites
☻☻parasite effect on hostparasite effect on host..
☻☻body reaction against parasitesbody reaction against parasites..
☻☻diagnostic methods of parasitesdiagnostic methods of parasites..
☻☻treatmenttreatment ..
☻☻prevention of parasitic diseaseprevention of parasitic disease..
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Life cycle of parasitesLife cycle of parasites
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How to study an infection?
� Important point of parasitic infection.
1- Transmission
2- Entry way.
3- parasites spreading.
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General methods of transmissionGeneral methods of transmission
◙ Contaminated food and water.
Exp: amoeba , T- Saginata
◙ Skin contamination.
Exp: larvae of ankylostoma.
◙ bite of mosquito.
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Effects of Parasites on human bodyEffects of Parasites on human body
Toxic effectsToxic effects: : ۩ ۩
Exp: Exp: mosquitomosquito and and AscarisAscaris
::ProhibitiveProhibitive effectseffects ۩۩
Exp: Exp: AnkylostomaAnkylostoma or or AscarisAscaris
Irritable and inflammatory effectsIrritable and inflammatory effects:: ۩ ۩
Exp: Exp: E . HistolyticaE . Histolytica
mechanical effectsmechanical effects:: ۩ ۩
Exp: Exp: AscarisAscaris
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Body reaction against parasitesBody reaction against parasites
11-- PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
22-- EosinophiliaEosinophilia
33-- Tumoric reactionTumoric reaction ( ( liver abscessliver abscess ) )
44-- Cystic reactionCystic reaction ( ( liver hydatid cystliver hydatid cyst ) )
55-- Homoral reactionHomoral reaction
66-- Cellular reactionCellular reaction
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Body syndromes against parasitesBody syndromes against parasites
Heat syndromesHeat syndromes: ( malaria ): ( malaria )
Dysenteric syndromesDysenteric syndromes: ( amoebiasis ): ( amoebiasis )
Hepatic syndromesHepatic syndromes: ( hydatid cyst ): ( hydatid cyst )
Skin syndromesSkin syndromes: ( lieshmania ): ( lieshmania )
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Diagnosis of parasitic diseasesDiagnosis of parasitic diseases
۞۞ Direct diagnosisDirect diagnosis::►►BloodBlood: : plasmodium, trypanosoma, plasmodium, trypanosoma,
microfilaria by (microfilaria by (GiemzaGiemza))
►►L.C.RL.C.R: : trypanosome and toxoplasma.trypanosome and toxoplasma.
►►SputumSputum: : paragonimus westermanii.paragonimus westermanii.
►►MouthMouth: : Amoeba gingivalis and mycoses.Amoeba gingivalis and mycoses.
►►Duodenal intubation: Duodenal intubation: Giardia and Giardia and trematode eggstrematode eggs
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Direct diagnosisDirect diagnosis
�� StoolStool: : protozoaire protozoaire cystcyst and and trophozoitetrophozoite, , eggegg of of ascaris ,oxyure, ankylostoma, taenias, ascaris ,oxyure, ankylostoma, taenias, schistosomas, fasciola hp and buski schistosomas, fasciola hp and buski ………….. ..
�� MacroscopicMacroscopic: Adult of ascaris and oxyure, : Adult of ascaris and oxyure, Segments of taeniasSegments of taenias
�� UrineUrine: eggs of S: eggs of S-- haematobium. haematobium.
�� Secretion of vaginaSecretion of vagina: trichomonas vaginalis: trichomonas vaginalis
�� Skin biopsySkin biopsy: lieshmania. : lieshmania.
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Indirect diagnosis Indirect diagnosis
�� Serologic testSerologic test : Fleig precipitation for : Fleig precipitation for hydatid kysthydatid kyst..
�� Skin testSkin test : Casoni test for hydatid kyst and : Casoni test for hydatid kyst and Montenegro test for lieshmaniasis.Montenegro test for lieshmaniasis.
�� ImmunofluorescenceImmunofluorescence: antigen : antigen -- antibody antibody
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Treatment of parasitic diseaseTreatment of parasitic disease
☻☻Specific drugsSpecific drugs
☻☻Antibiotics Antibiotics
☻☻Drug Drug tendency for destroytendency for destroy of parasites. of parasites.
☻☻Full treatmentFull treatment
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Prophylaxis of parasitic disease Prophylaxis of parasitic disease
hygienehygiene. . ۩ ۩
Control of infection source (infect individual) Control of infection source (infect individual) ۩۩
Insecticide drugsInsecticide drugs: Malathion, Toxaphen, : Malathion, Toxaphen, ۩ ۩
Crotamin, Oldrin, Lindan, Pyrethrine, Crotamin, Oldrin, Lindan, Pyrethrine,
Chlordane and DDT Chlordane and DDT
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Classification of parasites
Protozoar
unicellular
CLASS
FLAGELLATA
CLASS
CILIATA
CLASS
SPOROZOA
CLASS
SARCODINA
Metazoair
polycellular
HELMINTHES ARTHROPODS
PHYLUM
PLATY HELMINTE
PHYLUM
NEMAT HELMINTE
CLASS
NEMATODA
CLASS
CESTODA
CLASS
TREMATODA