MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMY

Al Ma`arefa College

Objectives: Describe the anatomical position of the

body and discuss its significance in the science of medicine

Describe anatomical planes of body Explain why directional terms are relative

and must be used in reference to body structures or a body in anatomical position.

Explain how anatomical terms are derived

ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY

ANATOMICAL POSITION

ANATOMICAL PLANES

ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES

ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS

ANATOMIC POSITION

All structures are described and named with reference to the anatomical position.

In the anatomical position, the body is Standing erect The eyes look straight to the front Face and palms of the hands directed

forwards The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk The lower limbs are parallel with the feet

together and the toes pointing forwards

ANATOMIC PLANES

Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves.

Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel to median sagittal plane

ANATOMIC PLANES

coronal vertical,

perpendicular to median

Horizontal (transverse) parallel to floor,

perpendicular to median, coronal

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVESAre arranged as pairs of opposites

Anterior (Ventral ) & Posterior (Dorsal )

Anterior: Towards the front of the body

Posterior: Towards the back of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVESAre arranged as pairs of opposites

Superior( Cranial ) & Inferior (Caudal )

Superior: Towards the head

Inferior: Towards the feet

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Proximal & Distal Proximal: Nearer

the trunk

Distal: Away from the trunk

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Medial & Lateral Medial: Towards

the midline of the body

Lateral: Away from the midline of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Superficial & Deep

Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body

Profundus (Deep): Away from the surface of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Central & Peripheral

Central: Towards the central axis of the body

Peripheral: Away from the central axis of the body

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Ipsilateral & Contralateral Ipsilateral: Of the same side

Contralateral: Of the Opposite side

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in

the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb

Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Palmar & Dorsal Surfaces of Hand

Palmar Surface: Anterior surface

Dorsal Surface: Posterior surface

ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.

Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot

Planter Surface: Lower surface Dorsal Surface: Upper surface

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS

Flexion & Extension Flexion:

approximation of flexor surface of the adjoining parts and thus reduces the angle of the joint.

Extension: approximation of extensor surface of the adjoining parts and thus increases the angle of the joint.

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS

Abduction & Adduction

Abduction: Moving the part away from the body

Adduction: Moving the part towards the body

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.

Medial & Lateral Rotation

Medial Rotation: Inwards rotation

Lateral Rotation: Outwards rotation

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.

Circumduction: Combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.Pronation & Supination of Forearm Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so

that the palm is turned backwards Supination: Rotation of the forearm so

that the palm is turned forwards

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.

Dorsiflexion & Planterflexion of Foot

Dorsiflexion: Upward flexion of the foot

Planterflexion: Downward flexion of the foot

ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.

Inversion and Eversion of foot

Inversion : movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces inwards or medially

Eversion: movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces outwards or laterally

Terms used to describing vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Anastomosis

Term used for describing bony feature Elevation

Linear elevation Sharp elevation Rounded or irregular elevation

Depressions Pit, impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch

Openings Smooth articular surface

Facet, condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea

THANKS