MEDICINE BOW WTS-4 WIND TURBINE FIELD TESTS

January 7985 Engineering and Research Center

U.S. Deportment of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation

Division of Research and Laboratory Services

Power and Insttumentation Branch

% a

icine Bow WTS-4 Wind Turbine Field Tests

I 7 . AIITYORIS) 1 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION ..-. - .

REPORT NO. B. Milano. R.C. Arbour. M. Roemish. & M. Jacobs I GR-85-1

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO.

Bureau of Reclamation Engineering and Research Center Denver CO 80225

13. T Y P E OF REPORT AND PERIOD

14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

DlBR IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS

Microfiche or hard copy available at the Engineering and Research Center, Denver, Colorado

COVERED

Ed: RNW

16. ABSTRACT

This report is on the system fault testing and analysis of test data obtained at the Bureau's Medicine Bow Substation (Medicine Bow, Wyo.) Testing consisted of two 3-phase-to-ground faults for the purpose of evaluating the 4-MW WTS-4 wind turbine and generator interaction with the existing power system during adverse conditions. Testing was performed in con- junction with Hamilton Standard (Div. of United Technologies Corp. Windor Locks, Conn.) engineers who operated the WTS-4 facility during the subject tests.

17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS

a. DESCR IPToRS- - +wind turbines/ electrical faults/ electrical grounding/ wind-hydroelectric energy project/ 'wind turbine generators

b. I D E N T I F I E R S - Medicine gow Substation, WY/ Medicine Bow-Hanna transmsn In, WY

1 U N C L A S S I F I E D I

c . COSATI Field/Group OgC COWRR: 2003 SRIM:

18- DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (THIS REPORT)

, U N C L A S S I F I E D 20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAQL)

0 1 . NO. OF PAGE

35 22. PRlCL

MEDICINE BOW W S - 4 WIND TURBINE FIELD TESTS

B. Milano R. C. Arbour W. Roemish

M. Jacobs

Power and Instrumentation Branch Division of Research and Laboratory Services

Engineering and Research Center Ddnver, Colorado

January 1985

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR * BUREAU OF RECLAMAT~ON

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The information presented in this report was obtained by Bureaupersonnel at Western Area Power Administration's MedicineBow Substation and is being presented to Hamilton Standardfor use in the wind-based power generation system impactstudy Hamilton Standard is performing under EPRI (ElectricPower Research Institute) contract. The data presented hereare only a small part of that required for the EPRI study. Thework was performed according to the jointly developed testprocedure presented in Appendix A and covers only thatportion of the test plan pertaining to the 3-phase faults.

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of theInterior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned publiclands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserv-ing the environmental and cultural values of our national parks andhistorical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through out-door recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineralresources and works to assure that their development is in the bestinterests of all our people. The Department also has a major respon-sibility for American Indian reservation communities and for peoplewho live in Island Territories under U.S. Administration.

The research covered by this report was funded by the Bureauof Reclamation's Lower Missouri Region Project Office.

The information contained in this report regarding commercial prod-ucts or firms may not be used for advertising or promotional purposesand is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firmby the Bureau of Reclamation.

ii

CONTENTS

PageAcknowledgments .., ii

Introduction.. .... . .. . . ... . ... . . .. . . . .. . .""

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Test setup .. .. 2

Instrumentation ,.....Parameters measured...............................................................................................................Calibration.. .. .. . . ... .

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Backup power "" 4

Preparation of fault test procedures for analysis """'"

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5

Relay operation . .. . . . 6

Stability evaluation ... 7

References. . . . . . .. . .'"

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FIGURES

Figure

123456

System configuration .. 8Test 1 oscillograph record 9Test 1 strip chart recorder record 10Test 2 oscillograph record 11Test 2 strip chart recorder record 12Loading record prior to test 2

"'"''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''13

APPENDIXES

Appendix

AB

Contractor letter 15Stability calculations ""'"

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iii

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this investigation was in assisting Hamilton Standard (Division of United Tech-

nologies, Windsor Locks CT 06096) to obtain performance data regarding the interactions be-

tween the Hamilton Standard WTS-4 wind turbine and the power system during adverse system

short-circuit conditions. The WTS-4 consists of a 4-MW, 1800-rev/min, 4160-volt synchronous

generator connected to a 30-rev /min wind turbine through a 60 to 1 gear box. The gear box is

referred to as a soft-shaft coupling in that it is a planetary gear train for which the case is attached

to a fixed reference through a spring and damper assembly. The shaft twist between the turbine

and generator is obtained by allowing the gear case to rotate a limited amount with respect to a

fixed reference. The turbine generator is tied in to the power system through approximately 5

miles (8 km) of 34.5-kV line to the Medicine Bow Substation.

It is understood the H constant of the turbine to be rather large compared to that of the generator.

The somewhat unconventional system comprising the wind turbine itself, the large turbine H'

factor, and the soft-shaft justified the decision to investigate the interaction between the wind

turbine-generator and the existing power system during severe local system fault conditions.

Hamilton Standard requested three 3-phase-to-ground faults, four to eight cycles in duration to

be placed on the power system at Medicine Bow Substation. The objective of the proposed test

as explained to the Bureau was to determine if the machine would remain synchronized to the

system after the clearing of each fault. The likelihood of synchronism being maintained subsequent

to fault clearing, with normally expected fault clearing times, seemed good owing to: (1) the large

inertia of the wind turbine which would tend to prevent the generator from reaching an excessive

overspeed condition for short duration faults, and (2) the soft-shaft and associated damper which

would absorb a large portion of the resynchronizing shock when the fault is cleared and thereby

minimize the possibility of the generator slipping poles.

Hamilton Standard requested that the Bureau monitor system conditions at the substation during

the fault tests and to submit an analysis of the Medicine Bow Substation data, for use in the EPRI

study mentioned in the Acknowledgments. One of the purposes of the EPRI study is to investigate

wind turbine dynamics during various system conditions.

,The inertia constant H is defined as the megajoules of stored energy of a machine at synchronious speed per megavolt-ampere of

the machine rating.

TEST SETUP

The tests consisted of two 3-phase-to-ground faults on the 34.5-kV bus between the Hanna line

disconnect switch and the Hanna line breaker at Medicine Bow Substation. The Hanna line dis-

connect remained open to permit the Hanna line to be energized from the far end (fig. 1). The

Hanna line breaker was used to close into the "bolted" fault and to clear the fault. Initially, three

faults were planned. The duration of the first fault was to be as short as possible - hopefully four

cycles. Durations of the second and third faults were to be six and eight cycles, respectively.

During pretest preparations lat the site) the interrupting time of the Hanna line breaker was de-

termined to be 4.5 cycles. Fault clearing times of 7.5 and 11.5 cycles were realized on the first

two tests. As a result of these slower than desired clearing times, a third fault was not staged.

INSTRUMENTATION

Parameters Measured

The quantities monitored by Bureau personnel at Medicine Bow Substation were:

On the B&H (Bell & Howell) 519 oscillograph

34.5 kV bus voltage (all three phases)

Hanna breaker fault current (all three phases)

SVU (system verification unit) line current (all three phases)

Hanna breaker trip and close signals

SVU line breaker trip signal

115-kV circuit switcher trip signal

All signals were obtained from the existing PT, CT, and control circuits.

On the Gould-Brush 4-channel strip chart recorder

A phase SVU line current

A phase 34.5 kV bus voltage

Three-phase SVU line watts

Three-phase SVU line vars

All four of these signals were obtained from Bureau furnished standard 0.1 percent accuracy

current, voltage, watt, and var transducers.

2

Calibration

All a-c voltage and current signals were calibrated the day before the test at Medicine Bow

Substation. Voltage calibration consisted of injecting a known a-c voltage from a Fluke Programm-

able A-C Calibrator (Model 5200A) and adjusting the galvo shunt box for a specified oscillograph

deflection. The current signals were calibrated in a similar manner except that !I Valhalla Scientific

voltage-to-current calibrator (Model 2500-E) was inserted between the Fluke Calibrator and the

galvo shunt box. High accuracy DVM's (digital voltmeters) were used to verify the voltage and

current output of the calibrators.

The current and voltage transducers (Scientific Columbus CT-510-A4 and VT100-A4) were cali-

brated in the Engineering and Research Center laboratory the week prior to testing and checked

at the Medicine Bow Substation the day before the test. The Gould-Brush Strip chart recorder

was adjusted to obtain the correct deflection for the specified a-c signal into the voltage and

current transducers. The Fluke and Valhalla calibrators and high accuracy DVM's also were used

for this calibration.

The watt and var transducers (Scientific Columbus DL3-1K5-2Y2A2 and DLV3-1K5-2Y2A2) were

calibrated in the laboratory the week before the test with a Scientific Columbus SC-60 calibration

standard. The Gould-Brush strip chart recorder watt and var channels were checked the day before

the test with the high accuracy DVM's.

All Medicine Bow CT and PT ratios were assumed accurate and were not included in the calibra-

tions.

Auxiliary Current Transformers

Due to the high fault currents involved, it was necessary to install auxiliary step down 50 to 5

CT's between the Hanna fault current line breaker CT circuit and the monitoring equipment. These

auxiliary CT's reduced the current an order of magnitude from about 90 amps to 9 amps.

Relaying

The instantaneous overcurrent elements on the Hanna (fault breaker) line breaker ground and phase

overcurrent relays were disabled. The Hanna breaker phase overcurrent relay dial settings were

increased to 3.5 to provide 15 to 20 cycles of delay in pickup on the faults.

3

All circuit breaker automatic reclosing at Medicine BowSubstation were removed from service.

An instantaneous overcurrent relay supervised by an auxiliary electromechanical timer was installed

to trip the 115-kV circuit switcher and the SVU line breaker approximately 12 cycles into the fault.

The purpose of this backup protection system was to clear the switchyard in the event the Hanna

Line fault breaker failed.

The actual initiation and clearing of the fault was accomplished with the Bureau's sequence con-

troller. This specially designed device was built for precision sequence control during power system

short circuit testing.

BACKUP POWER

An engine-generator was used to provide instrumentation power during the fault tests. This was

necessary because Medicine Bow Station service would be lost during each fault.

The sequence controller was battery powered and therefore did not require a backup power supply.

4

PRESENTATION OF FAULT TEST PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS

Two 3-phase-to-ground faults were performed. These tests occurred at 2:50 p.m. and 4:23 p.m.

on Wednesday, November 16, 1983. The tests are referred as test 1 (2:50 p.m.) and test 2

(4:23 p.m.).

Oscillograph and strip chart data records with labels and calibrations are shown on figures 2 through

5. In addition, a strip chart record of the wind turbine generator being loaded prior to test 2 is

shown on figure 6. The polarity of the current and voltage traces on the oscillograph are such

that power flow out of the substation is positive.

The SVU line loading just prior to each test was about 2.8 MW (test 1) and 3.7 MW (test 2). The

test load levels were preselected by Hamilton Standard staff. The target load values are believed

to have been 3 MW for test 1 and 4 MW for test 2. It should be noted that the Medicine Bow

Substation SVU line power will be slightly different from the Hamilton Standard generator terminal

value due to the local load at the test facility. The same holds true for the VAR measurements.

The first fault lasted 7.5 cycles and the second 11.5 cycles. In both instances, the breaker was

tripped as soon as the breaker mechanical close sequence was complete. There is not an apparent

reason for the four-cycle difference in breaker cleaning time and this may be normal for this type

of oil breaker. The breaker was timed earlier in the day and found to be consistent in both the trip

and close operations. The time for close coil energization to mechanical contact closure was 12

cycles. The time from trip initiation to mechanical contact parting was 4.5 cycles.

As can be seen from the fault current oscillograph traces, there is a distortion in the first few

cycles of fault current. This is in all probability due to CT related problems. There were about 90

amps flowing in the Medicine Bow 5 amp CT secondary. In addition, there was an added burden

from the Bureau's auxiliary CT's and monitoring equipment.

The records presented on figures 2 through 6 are marked with labels, calibrations, and actual

measurements. All measurements and calibration were taken from the original oscillograph and

strip chart records.

The response time of the current and voltage transducers was somewhat less than ideal for the

short fault times involved and, therefore, the outputs are somewhat meaningless during the fault.

5

The var and watt transducer data are invalid during the fault because of the loss of the bus voltage

during the short circuit period.

The frequency measurements obtained from the SVU line current oscillograph traces are rather

crude. These measurements consist of a simple period measurement that is converted to a fre-

quency. Each arrow points to the cycle for which the corresponding period was measured. Meas-

urements were made on the original records using a Gerber variable scale that was set to one per

unit period on the 60-Hz post fault voltage waveforms. The oscillograph paper speed is controlled

by means of a servoloop controlled d-c motor and therefore is unaffected by the frequency var-

iations from the engine generator power supply. In addition, a cross check was made by checking

the frequency of the fault current oscillograph traces.

The PT A-phase bus voltage was 72.06 volts prior to test 1 and 72.00 volts prior to test 2.

Measurements were made on the 19900/67 ratio A-phase PT circuit using a high accuracy DVM.

RELAY OPERATION

During both tests, targets appeared on the blocked Hanna phase overcurrent relay instantaneous

units at Medicine Bow Substation. This was to be expected and was the reason why these units

were blocked. In addition, the A and C phase overcurrent instantaneous units picked up at the

SVU facility and tripped the SVU generator breaker approximately seven cycles into the first fault.

It is believed personnel at the SVU facility blocked these units to eliminate the problem during

subsequent tests. On the second fault the WTS-4 computer control equipment tripped the unit

offline on "frequency out of range" and "overspeed" conditions. Again, the trip occurred ap-

proximately seven cycles into the fault.

The SVU facility relay data sheets indicate that the phase overcurrent relay instantaneous units

are set for 22 amperes (5280 A, primary) = 150 percent of the relay rms symmetrical subtransient

current for a zero-arcing-resistance 3-phase fault on the Medicine Bow Substation 34.5-kV bus.

This setting was recommended by PTI (Power Technologies, Inc.) and the Bureau concurred. The

values of the SVU 34.5-kV line phase currents measured during the first staged 3-phase fault

indicate that the current in each of the instantaneous units would have had a value in the order of

17 amperes rms or less. The instantaneous units set as indicated should not have operated. These

units should be bench tested to verify pickup level. It should be confirmed that the CT's being

used are connected in wye for a 1200 to 5 amphere ratio and performing within specified accuracy

tolerances.

6

STABILITY EVALUATION

A review of the test records indicates that the WTS-4 frequency at the end of seven cycles

reached 63 Hz during test 1 and 67 Hz during test 2. The increased loading during test 2 would

be the primary reason for the higher overs peed condition in test 2. In test 1, the generator most

likely would have been able to regain synchronism with the system had the generator not been

tripped offline by the overcurrent relay instantaneous units. During the full load rejection of test

2, the machine may have been able to regain synchronism with the system if the fault had been

cleared in less than seven or eight cycles. These statements should not be taken as authoritative;

they are based on a very crude analysis and measurement of the angle between the WTS-4

and the system during the fault period. Many simplifying assumptions and approximations were

made and considerations were not given to the machine dynamics with its special spring-damper

type shaft and large turbine H factor. Also, it should be noted that test 2 was not the worst case

since the system would have the smallest stability margin when the machine is absorbing vars.

The subject stability evaluation is presented in appendix B.

The result of this analysis is rather unusual in that even though the turbine has a rather large H

constant, the unit performs like one having a much smaller H constant. Primarily, this is due to

the soft shaft that essentially isolates the turbine inertia from the generator inertia.

REFERENCES

Power System Stability, Selden B. Crary, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, vols. 1 & 2, 1947.

Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Central StationsEngineers, East Pittsburgh, Penn., 4th ed., 4th printing.

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11

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12

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13

APPENDIX A

CONTRACTOR LETTER

15

APPENDIX A

e. UNITEDTECHNOLOGIESHAMILTONSTANDARD

Windsor Locks, Connecticut 06096

203/623-1621

1-3-8SeptemberTMH-83-03

1...,..,..~-,..,:-=-~-"1 M 1 '

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'11

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COD To:

OFFICIAL FILE COpyRecl2m2~ionl ~"

~ .N .,C3;0:1

SEP 19 1983

Mr. R. J. GyllenborgDepartment of InteriorBureau of ReclamationP. O. Box 25247Denver, CO 80225

Subject: Transmittal of HSER 9003 - Test Plan -Utility Interaction Testing of the WTS-4at Medicine Bow, Wyoming

Dear Gil:

Enclosed is the test plan for the utility interationtesting planned for the WTS-4 in October, 1983.

I have received and incorporated suggestions fromEric Hinrichsen and Bert Milano, As we discussedin Denver in July, Bill Young will coordinateactivities at the WTS-4 site and Bert Milano willcoordinate activities at the Medicine Bow substation.

We should be in a position by October 10, 1983 toconfirm activity on this test plan for the followingweek. Unless I hear otherwise, this input will godirectly to you.

Again, I want to thank you and the people involvedfor their splendid cooperation thus far.

Sincerely, ~,

c/id!);tt~Thad M. HasbrouckProgram Manager

TMH/hj

", j .'--'.'- ."

. .. . -. r

'''": ''\.- .'~. '!'--If you dc':" ..'. '-"..'. ~ t '.

. .

inseri YOpr C ",'

".,:,,$P~f:'Sd

-4 Ol.",~n"" f'")'''''' r

."IOJ~:,

'''''.'''''''.'''-..--..-.....

Enclosure

cc: Eric Hinrichsen - PTIFrank Goodman - EPRI

16

!t UNITEDTECHNOLOGIES~O[gjJ@OO~&oo~[ffi[Q)

APPENDIX A - Continued

TEST PLAN

UTILITY INTERACTION TESTING OF THE WTS-4

AT

MEDICINE BOW, WYOMING

SEPTEMBER 15, 1983

17

HSER 9003

APPENDIX A - Continued

II UNITEDTECHNOLOGIES[Xj£[ij]O[1,'iJ@OO@'iJ&OO~lQ) HSER 9003

UTILITY INTERACTION TESTING OF THE WTS-4 AT MEDICINE BOW, WYOMING

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The testing performed under this plan of test is part ofTask V - Utility System Impact of the EPRI program numberRP-1994-6. This plan of test covers descriptions of instrumenta-tion, test conditions and test sequences for the utility inter-action testing of the WTS-4.

2.0 TEST ITEMS

The items to be tested are the WIS-4 wind turbine atMedicine Bow, Wyoming, and the 34.5 KV line connecting the WTS-4to the Medicine Bow substation. A one-line diagram showing theMedicine Bow substation and the WTS-4 (SVU) 34.5 KV line isshown in Figure 1.

3.0 PURPOSE OF TEST

The purpose of this test program is to obtain operationaldata on the wind turbine and the utility line during varioustransient conditions. These include breaker open-close testsand testing of the WTS-4 over the full range of its VAR capability,measuring line and wind turbine operating parameters. Also,measurements will be made on the line and WTS-4 during three-phase testing to determine adverse interactions, if any.

4.0

4. 1

TEST SETUP

Breaker Open-Close Test

The test setup for the breaker open-close test is thenormal operating mode of the WTS-4 with the engineering datasystem (EDS) operating and the power system in its normalconfiguration.

4.2 VAR Test

The test setup for the VAR testing is the normal operatingmode of the WTS-4 with the EDS operating and the power systemin its normal configuration. Analysis has shown that the 34.5 KVvoltage at Medicine Bow will vary by 4.7 percent over the full

18

APPENDIX A - Continued

I! UNITEDTECHNOLOGIES[):{)&~O[1,,'U'@OO

~&OO@&OO@ HSER 9003

4.2 (Continued)

range (4 MVAR) of the WTS-4. Before starting the VAR testing,the system voltage shall be set to midpoint of allowable rangeso as not to cause any adverse effects. The voltage setting willbe established by Western Area Power Administration.

4.3 Three-Phase Fault Test

The test setup for the three-phase fault testing is thenormal operating mode of the WTS-4 with the EDS operating andwith the power system altered as follows:

For the three-phase fault test, the 115 KV line fromCheyenne to Seminoe shall remain intact. The load at ShirleyBasin shall be fed from Difficulty. The loads off of PCB 342at Medicine Bow shall be fed radially out of Sinclair. Theloads off of PCBs 442 and 542 at Medicine Bow will be affected bythe fault testing. Switch 341 shall be open and the fault willbe placed between switch 341 and breaker 342. Breaker 342 shouldclear the fault in high speed. Appropriate controls should be in-stalled to trip the 115 KV circuit switcher 164 in the eventBreaker 342 fails to trip. Should breaker 342 fail to trip,there will be a short service interruption of any loads fed offof PCBs 442 and 542.

4.4 Instrumentation

4.4.1 Breaker-Open Close Test

4.4.1.1 WTS-4 Parameters - The WTS-4 parameters to be measuredduring the breaker open-close test includes MW, MVAR, generatorvoltage, line voltage, RPM and blade angle.

4.4.1.2 34.5 KV Line Parameters - The 34.5 KV line parameter tobe measured during the breaker open-close test is line voltage.

4.4.2 VAR Test

4.4.2.1 WTS-4 Parameters - The WTS-4 parameters to be measuredduring the VAR test include MVAR, MW, turbine-to-line phaseangle, generator voltage, line voltage, generator exciter field~urrent, low speed shaft torque and blade angle.

4.4.2.2 34.5 KV Line Parameters - The 34.5 KV line parameter tobe measured during the VAR test is line voltage.

19

APPENDIX A - Continued

I!IUNITEDTECHNOLOGIES[}{]&'fK'A]O[b'IT'@OO~&'OO~IQ) HSER 9003

4.4.3 Three-Phase Fault Test

4.4.3.1 WTS-4 Parameters - The WTS-4 parameters to be measuredduring the three-phase fault include MW. MVAR. turbine-to-linephase angle. generator voltage. line voltage. generator exciterfield current. low speed shaft torque and blade angle.

4.4.3.2 34.5 KV Line Parameters - The 34.5 KV line parameters tobe recorded by oscillograph during the three-phase fault testinclude voltage and current for all three (3) phases and the tripand close signals of breaker3442 and 542 and circuit switch 164.Three-phase VARs. three-phase watts. phase la' current and phase'a'voltage will be recorded by strip chart.

4.4.3.3 Fault and Timing Instrumentation - The fault will be athree-phase bolted ground fault. Western will provide USBR witha fault current study. The breaker closing into the fault andtripping time to clear the fault will be accomplished using aUSBR sequence controller. An electric motor-operated mechanicaltimer will be used as backup protection.

5.0 SEQUENCE OF TEST

The breaker open-close test. the VAR test and the three-phase fault test may be run in any sequence. The paragraphsfollowing apply only to the sequence of events with each test.

5. 1 Breaker Open-Close Test

Open breaker 542 at the Medicine Bow substation and re-close in approximately ten (10) seconds. The WTS-4 should comeoff-line to a normal shutdown and restart when the circuit breakeris closed.

5.2 VAR Test

The WTS-4 should be operating at or close to rated power.The line voltage should be set by Western to a nominal value suchthat the VAR test will not cause excessive voltage variation. TheWTS-4 generator excitation shall be varied in 500 KVAR steps.At each step the WTS-4 shall be operated for fifteen (15) minutesto provide ample time for monitoring performance.

20

APPENDIX A - Continued

t!lUNITEDTECHNOLOGIES[}{)£[I'A)O[1,'fi'@OO~&OO~[Q) HSER 9003

5.2 (Continued)

The WTS-4 generator excitation shallthe WTS-4 supplies VARs to the line in stepsunity power factor (0 KVAR) to 3000 KVAR andthe line from unity power factor (0 KVAR) towill be ten (10) test settings:

be varied such thatof 500 KVAR fromabsorbs VARs from1000 KVAR. There

. 0 KVAR

. 500 KVAR

. 1000 KVAR

. 1500 KVAR

. 2000 KVAR

. 2500 KVAR. 3000 KVAR

. 0 KVAR

. -500 KVAR

. -1000 KVAR

5.3 Three-Phasa Fault Test

The WTS-4 should be operating at or near rated power.Breaker 342 will be closed into the three-phase bolted groundfault and tripped to clear the fault with a clearing time oftwo (2) cycles. The behavior of the WTS-4 and the 34.5 KV linewill be monitored. As conditions warrant, the test will berepeated increasing clearing time in two (2) cycle incrementsup to a maximum clearing time of ten (10) cycles. Decisionsto increase clearing times longer than two (2) cycles will comefrom the WTS-4 operation personnel.

6.0 COMMUNICATIONS

6. 1 Notification of Testing

Western dispatchers require one (1) week notificationprior to beginning tests.

6.2 Communication During Testing

During the breaker open-close test and three-phase faulttest, a three-way telephone conference arrangement shall beestablished for simultaneous communication among the WTS-4facility, the Medicine Bow substation and the Area DispatchCenter.

Since the VAR testing does not require staging, acommunication to the WTS-4 facility that the line voltage hasbeen set will be sufficient.

21

APPENDIX A - Continued

~ UNITEDTECHNOLOGIES[X]~O[1,'jj'@[ft]~&[ft]~OO[Q)

7.0

HSER 9003

TEST LOGS

A written log shall be maintained at the WTS-4 facilityfor all tests listed in this plan. Entries shall include,but not necessarily limited to:

A.B.C.D.E.

Test identificationRun identificationTime of day of test startChannels monitored on theSignificant events.

and finishstrip chart recorder

A written log shall be maintained at the Medicine Bow sub-station during the three-phase fault test. Entries shall include,but not necessarily limited to:

8.0

A.B.C.D.E.F.

Test identificationRun identification (i .e.,Time of day of test startChannels monitored on theChannels monitored on theSignificant events.

clearing time)and stopstrip chart recorderoscillograph

REPORTS

Each group involved with the testing shall prepare areport of activities and findings (supported by data) for theirportion of the test. These reports will be compiled into one (1)report for inclusion in the final report to EPRI.

9.0

9.1

SCHEDULE

Testing Schedule

Scheduling of these tests is tentatively set for the weekof October 17, 1983. The VAR testing is scheduled for October18, wind conditions permitting. The breaker open-close test andthe three-phase fault test are scheduled to be conducted October19. wind conditions permitting. October 20, is scheduled as aback-up date to account for delays or additional testing.

It is anticipated that the equipment to perform the breakeropen-close test and three-phase fault test will be in place andchecked out prior to initiating testing on October 19, 1983.

22

APPENDIX A - Continued

mUNITEDTECHNOLOGIESm~O[1,'U'@oo~&OO~[Q) HSER 9003

9.2 Report Schedule

Responsible parties should have their reports drafted andsubmitted to the HS project manager within thirty (30) days fromthe data of testing.

23

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APPENDIX A - Continued

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24

APPENDIX B

STABILITY CALCULATIONS

25

APPENDIX BMachine Data

4 MW 4160 V 694A5 MV.A

0.8 pf Xd = 0.215 pu RA = 0.028 QXQ = 0.828 pu

Base Z = Vrated phase = 4160/1} = 2402 = 3.46 Q

Irated 694 694

Check Base

694A * 4160 V * 13 = 5 MV.A

Machine is at 4 MW,unity power factor, 1.08 per unit

Find current

I = 4 MW = 514 A2402 * 3 * 1.08

514Ipu =694

= 0.741 pu

26

1800 RPM

Xd' = 0.208

BY DATE PROJECTTsHEET OF

CHKD BY DATE FEATURE

DETAILS

APPENDIX B - Continued

7-1664 (7-78)Water and Power

COMPUTATION SHEET

)(cA ... t. Is'

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i.. X)..: (0.7+/)(0.':408')": 0.15'4-

i." ()(~- x/)... O.37(O:~.z.i-O. ~O'il) ~ D. ~~

e'C\ = '.03

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27

0 PI P2 P- -150 1.38 -1.05 0.33

300 2.67 -1. 82 0.85

450 3.78 -2.10 1.68

600 4.63 -1.82 2.81

750 5.16 -1. 05 4.11

900 5.35 0 5.35

1050 5.16 +1.05 6.21

1200 4.63 1.82 6.45

1350 3.78 2.10 5.88

1500 2.67 1.82 4.49

1650 1.38 1.05 2.43

112.50 4.94 1.48 6.42

APPENDIX B - Continued

P = EI Q Vt

XdIsin 0 + (~ -~) Vt2 sin 20

XQ XdI 2

p = (1.03) (1.08) sin 0 + (~ - .1 ).208 .828 .208

(1.08)2 sin 202

P = 5.35 sin 0 - 2.099 sin 20

28

BY DATE PROJECTISHEE1?.---1=OF-

CHKD BY DATE FEATURE

DETAILS

0eo-

I

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APPENDIX B - Continued

7-1654 (7-73)Bureau of Reclamation

COMPUT It TION SHEET

. ~ ~~---

t8

fA

1\0 ~"'t" c\C

~(LQ.

29

APPENDIX B - Continued

Now convert °c to per unit cycle value

°c = 1400per unit °c = 1400 = 0.388JOtr

Now from oscillograph records

Test #1:

0.1 pu cycle point occurs at 7th cycle of fault. Therefore, thesystem is stable

Test #2:

0.22 pu cycle point occurs at approximately the 7th cycle of fault.Therefore, the system is stable.

Note: From the projected point on the next page, the machine wouldnot be stable beyond cycle #8

30

APPENDIX B - Continued

Test #2 Frequency Data

Cycle # Freq. Period (pu) L fj. .( L fj. .(pu

1 60 1 0

2 60 1 0

3 60.5 .99 .01 4°

4 61 .98 .03 11°

5 63 .95 .08 29°

6 65 .92 .16 58°

7 67 .90 .26 94°

81 69 .87 .39 140°

(..~

'"

H~ ~+

"*'

,,"0

/,

/

/ ~ 'PRon~~n' ",'NT

~ ~ 4 :;' b 7 ~

c..Y"I..E. ro.

1Projected point

31

APPENDIX B - Continued

Now, assume the soft shaft decouples the generator from the wind turbine andHg~n = 0.823 second. One can estimate the critical clearing time from thesWlng equation as follows:

2 Hgen 02 0= Pa ~ Pstored in soft shaft spring ~ Pout ~ constant

wr ot2

020= 0.8 (30 * 2~)

ot2 2 (0.823)* 57.3 degrees/rad

020= 5250

ot2

Solve for o(t) critical

o(t) = 00 + 5250 t22

1400 = 300 + 2625 t2

t = 0.2 second

I

or ~ 12 cycles[

Note, this is somewhat higher than that obtained from the critical clearingangle and oscillograph data. This is due to the neglect of transmissionline and transformer impedances in the critical clearing angle calculationsand in ignoring the wind turbine effects in the solution of the swinqequation. Both of these simplifications will result in an optimistic valueof the critical clearing time as shown above.

32

APPENDIX B - Continued

3' 1~ p.~L..,..

0-3+.'S"\(V-

)(,-:D.'3~~\.J.0""

\OO'M"'A~AS£.

~ ~~

X'd = 20.8%

Xd = 215.4%

5 MV.A Base

Zbase = 11.9025 g (100 MV.A Base)

Xl = 3.8338 g

X"d = 11.4%

Zbase = 238.05g (5 MV.A Base)

T'do = 7.5 s

Tld = 0.72 s

T"d = 0.05 s

11 = 10.114 + .0555 + 0.0161

1=0.1856

= 5.3879%

Ib ase = 5000 = 693.93 A4.16 13

11 = 3739 A IR 1 - 3739e ay -

240= 15.58 A

IOC unit + 1.50 (15.58) = 23 A

PTI recommended an IOC setting of 22 A. We concur.

33

APPENDIX B - Continued

Ifault svu line

T

peak to peak + 261 + 849 ~ 1110 A

rms value of sym wave = 0.5 (1110)/'2= 392 A

d-c offset = 849 - 11102

= 294 A

rms value of asym wave = [2942 + 3922]1/2

= 490 A

I @ 4.16 kV = 490 ( 34.5 ) = 4064 A4.16

Irelay = 4064/240 = 17 A

34

BY DATE PROJECTlSHEET _OF-SJT 6-6-80 Missouri River Basin Project

CHKD BY DATE FEATURE Medicine Bow Hamilton Standard WTS-4 WindWRR 6-6-80 Turbine SVU (System Verification Unit)

DETAILSReactance Diagram -- Interconnected Power System

APPENDIX B - ContinuedCOMPUTATION SHEET

1< u.s. Government Printing Office: 1977 -77 9 -6 51

Xl = X2 = 0.1181

~ Xo = 0.1121~

Note: All reactances are inper unit on a 100 MV.Abase

115 kV

Xl = X2 = 0.2487""'

0.7461

115 kV

6.9 kV J- *

34.5 kV +6

XS":

~\~1= X2 = 0.3040

I Xo = 0.9120XH=1. 0380

XL= 0.3550 Laramie 115 kV

XM=-0.0250 Xl = X2 = 0.2833Medicine ~Bow 34.5 kV ~~'lXO = 0.8499

1Xl = X2 = 0.3221

J Xo = 0.9662

Bow 115 kV

jt}XI = X2 = Xo = 1.110

SVU 4.16 kV

~~

Xl = X2= 0.0724 "'-

Xo = 0.0843

Cheyenne115 kV

SVU 34.5 kV

}

XI = X2 = 2.920

Xo = la~ge value(hlgh resistancegrounded generator)

* Transformer HV windingneutral to be groundedfor system operationwith WTS-4 wind turbinein service.

35 GPO 845-555

Mission of the Bureau of Reclamation

The Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of the Interior is responsible for the development and conservation of the Nation's water resources in the Western United States

The Bureau's original purpose "to prorrde for the reclamation of arid and semiarid lands in the West" today covers a wide range of interre- lated functions These include providing municipal and industrial water supplies; h ydrvelectric power generation; irrigation water for agricul- ture; water quality improvement' flood control; river navigation; river regulation and control; fish and wildlife enhancement; outcloor rmrea- tion; and research on water-related design, construction, materials, atmospheric management, and wind and solar power.

Bureau programs most frequently are the result of close cooperation with the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, States, local govern- ments, academic institutions, water-user organizations, and other concerned groups

A free pamphlet is available from the Bureau entitled "Publications for Sale." It describes some of the technical publications currently available, their cost, and how to order them. The pamphlet can be obtained upon request from the Bureau of Reclamation, Attn D-922, P 0 Box 25007, Denver Federal Center, Denver CO 80225-0007.