medicine matters education program grades 5-6 · grade teachers/nurses nationwide •650,000...

10/21/2015

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www.scholastic.com/otcmedsafety

Presentation Contents 1. Why Do We Need

Medicine Safety Education?

2. About Poison Centers and AAPCC

3. Program Overview & Review of Results

4. Q&A


Why is medicine safety education important?

• Research shows that children begin to self-medicate around 11 years old, or in 5th or 6th grade.1

• Many think OTC drugs are safer than prescription drugs2, but “safer”≠ “safe.”

• If not equipped with the knowledge and training to make safe choices, mistakes can happen.

• Developing a healthy respect for medication safety as a tween may not only mitigate risk of error now, but also the chance of pharmaceutical misuse and/or abuse later.

• In 2012, 1 in 4 teens reported misusing or abusing an Rx drug at least once in their lifetimes.3

1. Abel C, Johnson K, Waller D, Abdalla M, Goldsmith CA. Nonprescription medication use and literacy among New Hampshire

eighth graders. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012;52(6):777-82

2. http://www.yourhealthathand.org/images/uploads/CHPA_YHH_Survey_062011.pdf

3. 1. http://www.drugfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/PATS-2012-FULL-REPORT2.pdf

http://www.yourhealthathand.org/images/uploads/CHPA_YHH_Survey_062011.pdf



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Why is medicine safety education important?

•~ 140,000 cases of pharmaceutical exposures a year reported to poison centers involve children ages 6 to 19.1

•~10,000 ER visits per year for medicine overdose in persons younger than 18 are caused by adolescents self-administering OTC medicines.2

1. Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, McMillan N, Ford M. 2013 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison

Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014 Dec;52(10):1032-283

2. Schillie SF, Shehab N, Thomas KE, Budnitz DS. Medication overdoses leading to emergency department visits among children.

Am J Prev Med. 2009 Sep;37(3):181-7

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• Age-adjusted death rate for drug poisoning more than quadrupled from 3.0 per 100K in 1979 to 13.1 in 2012.

CDC MMWR. Source can be accessed at: http://1.usa.gov/1Bq0A9N

Drug poisoning is the #1 cause of injury death in the U.S.


Source can be accessed at: http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/leading_cause_of_nonfatal_injury_2013-a.pdf

Unintentional

Poisoning

Unintentional poisoning is a top 10 cause of nonfatal injuries in 7 of 10 age groups.

Unintentional poisoning as a cause of nonfatal injury in the U.S.

http://1.usa.gov/1Bq0A9N



http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/leading_cause_of_nonfatal_injury_2013-a.pdf





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About Poison Centers • 55 poison centers in the U.S. provide

information and treatment advice, 24/7/365, through the national Poison Help line:

1-800-222-1222 • Poison Help line covers 100% of the U.S.

population; help is provided in 150 languages.

• Continuously feed call data into the National Poison Data System (NPDS)— the only near real-time comprehensive poisoning surveillance database in the U.S.

• Calls to Poison Help are free, confidential, and answered by experts: specially trained nurses, toxicologists, pharmacists, and physicians.

• PCs provide extensive educational and preventive outreach through educators.

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About AAPCC • The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) is dedicated

to actively advancing the health-care role and public health mission of our members through information, advocacy, education, and research.

• Support 55 member poison centers through: • Advocacy

• Accreditation (centers)

• Certification (experts)

• Communication

• Promotion of local services

• Public education

• Collate and disseminate national data (NPDS).

• Located in Alexandria, VA

• www.aapcc.org

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Analgesics 11.54%Cosmetics and

Personal Care

Products

14.52%Foreign Bodies,

Toys, and Misc8.78% Analgesics 18.35% Analgesics 9.55%

Cosmetics and

Personal Care

Products

7.74%Household

Cleaning

Substances

10.75%Cosmetics and

Personal Care

Products

7.11% Antidepressants 7.24%Household

Cleaning

Substances

7.87%

Household

Cleaning

Substances

7.60% Analgesics 9.55% Analgesics 6.64%Cold and Cough

Preparations5.57%

Bites and

Envenomations6.15%

Sedatives,

Hypnotics, and

Antipsychotics

5.73%Foreign Bodies,

Toys, and Misc7.20% Antihistamines 5.43%

Sedatives,

Hypnotics, and

Antipsychotics

5.56%Sedatives,

Hypnotics, and

Antipsychotics

5.73%

Antidepressants 4.20%Topical

Preparations6.45% Vitamins 5.21%

Household

Cleaning

Substances

5.17% Pesticides 5.71%

Top 5 Human Exposure Substance Categories By Age Group, 2013

* Based on total case mentions, table 22. ** Based on single substance exposures, table 22. Single substance exposures account for 89% of all human

exposure cases. All data from AAPCC’s 2013 NPDS Annual Report.

(n= 581,432)

Adults (>19 yrs)**

(n= 122,557)

Teens (13-19 yrs)**

(n= 127,569)

Older children (6-12 yrs)**

(n= 1,019,297)

Young children (<6 yrs)**All human exposures*

Top 5 Substance Exposures Reported to PCs by Age Group in 2013

• PCs managed 3.1 million cases; a new case every 10 seconds.

• About half of all reported human exposures involve pharmaceuticals, whereas about 64% of exposures in teens involve pharmaceuticals.

• Poison centers were consulted for about 99,000 dosing errors in kids/teens <=19

http://www.aapcc.org/

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The Pathway to OTC Medicine Safety

• Model: FDA’s “Medicines in my Home” • Started with a strong model and evolved with iterative research

• In School: McNeil Consumer Healthcare Pilot • Interactive lecture modeled after the FDA’s “Medicines in My Home” program.

• Pilot program targeted 5th & 6th graders in Southeastern Pennsylvania and Southern New Jersey

• Research study with over 1000 students showed that the program was effective in educating 5th and 6th graders on the responsible use and storage of OTC medicines.

• Finding the Right Partners: Building a National In-School Program • With the efficacy of the pilot program established, McNeil sought to find the right

partners to expand the program nationally.

• Enlisted Scholastic, the most trusted name in learning, and the AAPCC, experts in understanding root causes of medication errors as partners.

• The result was OTC Medicine Safety, a evidenced-based educational program for tweens and teens, with the objective of increasing knowledge of OTC medicine safety and responsible use.

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The Pathway to OTC Medicine Safety

• Refined through Research and Expert Guidance • Started with a strong model and evolved with iterative research including qualitative

research with teachers, tweens and parents • Convened a roundtable of experts from over 10 professional societies and consumer

advocacy groups to further shape the final OTC Medicine Safety program. • OTC Medicine Safety program evaluated through an IRB-approved research study

with over 1000 students

• In School: The American Association of Poison Control Centers and Scholastic, with support from McNeil Consumer Healthcare • Free, evidenced-based educational program about over-the-counter medicine safety • Refined each year based on qualitative feedback and research with teachers and

school nurses

• Outside of the Classroom: CADCA, NCPIE, ISMP, Safe Kids, NCL • The program has since been expanded to enable out of classroom learning. Guided

by the feedback of over 30 community organizations at a Stakeholder Forum convened by NCPIE.

• Future: APhA Operation OTC Medicine Safety, Boy Scouts of America, DARE, NECASA

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OTC Medicine Safety Program Components • Customized tools and resources for

teachers, school nurses and community leaders

• Educational Program is divided into 4 topic areas: • Rx and OTC medicines

• How to Read an OTC Drug Facts Label

• Safe Storage and Dosing of Medicines

• Dangers of Misusing Medicines

• OTC Medicine Safety program can be delivered through: • Teacher lesson plans with associated activities

• PowerPoint presentation

• Smart board activities

• Piece-meal, “a la carte”

• Includes a validated pre/post assessment tool

• Many digital assets to enhance delivery and meet a variety of learning needs

• Available FREE year round

http://www.scholastic.com/otcliteracy

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OTC Medicine Safety Program Components

13 13 13


OTC Medicine Safety Program is Aligned with Common Core Standards

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Target, Reach, and Promotion • Utilizing Scholastic’s database, we customize

marketing efforts to select our best and most engaged teachers who are seeking supplemental educational materials

• YEAR 1 • 68,000 print programs direct-mailed to 6th-grade

teachers/nurses nationwide • 200,000 teacher emails and 200,000 parent emails • 1MM digital impressions combined on Teachers and

Parents Channels of Scholastic.com

• YEAR 2 • 68,000 print programs direct-mailed to 5th-& 6th-

grade teachers/nurses nationwide • 650,000 teacher emails and 200,000 emails to

parents • 2MM digital impressions combined on Teachers and

Parents Channels of Scholastic.com

• YEAR 3 • 70,000 print programs direct-mailed to to 5th-& 6th-

grade teachers/nurses nationwide • 650,000 teacher and administrator emails combined • 250,000 parent emails • 3.5 MM digital impressions combined on Teachers

and Parents Channels of Scholastic.com

• Supported by National PR Campaign • Over 50MM media impressions in years 2 and 3 of

the program

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Results of OTC Medicine Safety Quantitative Research Study

Methodology

• OTC Medicine Safety program was evaluated as part of an IRB-approved Research Study

• Study included a nationally representative sample of 17 schools and was completed by over 1,100 students

• The OTC Medicine Safety assessment is a 46-item instrument utilizing mixed rating scales

Findings

• Assessment tool is a reliable and appropriate measure of student knowledge of the OTC Medicine Safety topics.

• OTC Medicine Safety was shown to be effective in educating 6th grade students on the responsible use of OTC medicines.

• Students significantly improved from baseline across all lessons of the test (p<0.05)

• Differences existed in existing knowledge and outcomes between urban, suburban and rural students, although all geographies showed improvement.

• Overall, girls and boys were roughly equivalent in most lessons. Girls tended to demonstrate higher baseline scores compared to boys.

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OTC Medicine Safety Proven to Increase Knowledge

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56.3

53.16 48.66

36.74

70.65

63.51

56.04

50.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Rx/OTC Meds Drug Facts Label Responsible Storage Responsible Use

Pe

rce

nt

Co

rre

ct

Average Score by Key Indicator

Pre Post


Overall Score Results: Gender • There were no significant differences between boys and girls; however,

both groups improved significantly between assessments

48.86 50.71

59.83 62.32

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Boy Girl

Average Total Score by Gender

* *

Pre Post

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47.73

52.00 52.40

40.01

61.15 62.31 62.25

50.19

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Rural Suburban Town Urban

OTC Total Score by School Type

Pre Post

Overall Score Results: School Type


OTC Medicine Safety Proven to Increase Knowledge

SUMMARY

• The OTC Medicine Safety Assessment demonstrates strong psychometric characteristics while successfully discriminating between levels of student knowledge and understanding

• The OTC Medicine Safety program is an effective tool for increasing OTC-medicine-related knowledge among adolescents.

• Students significantly improved from baseline across all lessons of the test (p<0.05).

• Multivariate analyses demonstrate that students improve significantly from this program from pretest however, school setting (location) may impact these improvements.

• By engaging adolescents in the OTC Medicine Safety program, adolescents have a positive foundation for developing good lifelong habits relating to the use of medicines, and may decrease likelihood of misusing or abusing medicines as teenagers and adults.

• OTC Medicine Safety won an ISMP Cheers Award for setting a standard of excellence in preventing medicine errors, and has been accepted for live presentations at ISOQOL, NSC, Safe Kids, CADCA, and ASHA.

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Questions?

Presenter’s contact information:

Krista Osterthaler, MPH

Director of National Outreach

American Association of Poison Control Centers

[email protected]

(703) 894-1864

mailto:[email protected]

medicine matters education program grades 5-6 · grade teachers/nurses nationwide •650,000...

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