medieval era - history 101 · medieval era . terms •commercial revolution •courtly love/...
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Medieval Era
Terms
• Commercial Revolution
• Courtly love/ Chivalric Literature
• Troubadours
• Gothic architecture
• Abelard
• Cathedral Schools
• Universities
• Scholastic Method
• Magna Carta
• Fourth Latern Council
• Transubstantiation
• Representative Assemblies – Parliament
– Estates General
Urban Growth and Commercial Revolution
• Improvements in Agriculture – Three-Field System
– Heavy Plough
• Move towards cities
• Guilds
• Medieval City – Walled
– Center consists of a cathedral, abbey, or church
– Occupational diversity
– Population density
– Sustained markets
Education
• Students - studeo-ere
• Three main areas of study
– Trivium
– Quadrivium
– Theology
• Abelard and Heloise
– “Logical” approach
– Scholastic method – Lectio, Disputatio
Universities
• University of Bologna 1088
• University of Oxford ~1096
• University of Paris ~1150
• Addition of medicine, law, and the arts to curriculum.
Literature
• Chivalric Literature
• Courtly Love
• Troubadors
• Vernacular Literature
– Dante's Divine Comedy 1313-1321 – will actually lead us into the Italian Renaissance
– Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales 1380s.
Gothic Architecture
https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7103/7276385146_00ac1521dd_z.jpg
Cologne Cathedral
PARISEUS. Here, Christ answers a pharisee's question "And who is my neighbor" in the parable of the Good Samaritan in the Gospel of Luke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Samaritan_Window,_Chartres_Cathedral#/media/File:Christ_telling_the_Good_Samaritan_parable_to_a_couple_Pharisees.jpg
Bakers’ Window Chartres Cathedral
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qkLv_LkuOxk/U3nsg4jaNGI/AAAAAAAAN24/N0AxwxnbJEU/s1600/P1320496.jpg
Magna Carta
• Richard I (r.1189-1199)
• King John (r.1199-1216)
– Loss of Territory in France
– Individual resistance – Fulk Fitzwarin
– Group Resistance – Barons and 1215 Magna Carta
Fourth Latern Council (1215)
• Must attend Mass, and confess sins at least once a year
• Transubstantiation
• Jews required to wear outward sign of their faith
• Decree against heretics -> Inquisition
Western Schism
• Pope Boniface VIII versus England and France
• Taxation of church land
• Papal bull Unam Sanctum 1302
• Papacy in Avignon until 1378
Representative Assemblies
• 1302 – French representative assembly -> Estates General
• 1216 – Evolution of English Parliament