medieval era (middle ages). time period 800-1450 ad time periods are marked by historical events ...
TRANSCRIPT
MEDIEVAL ERA (MIDDLE AGES)
Time Period
800-1450 AD Time periods are marked by historical
events Music history begins here because that
is when events started to be written down
Composers
Leonin and Perotin, Many anonymous composers
Famous Pieces
Since many were sacred and music was not widely written down, many pieces were untitled or named after the Catholic Mass Example: Kyrie
Description of Music
Plainsong or Gregorian Chant (named after Pope Gregory) Style of early Christian church
No instruments No meter (unmeasured)
Monophonic – one-line music Polyphony – two or more lines (850 AD) Homophony – melody with same rhythmic
accompaniment Syllabic – One pitch per syllable (“Do, a deer, a female
deer”) Neumatic – 2 or 3 pitches per syllable Mellismatic – Many pitches per syllable
Description Part 2
Nuemes – First written notation in Europe No key signatures Cantus Firmus – Derived from Gregorian
Chant Double or Triple meter (in sets of two or
three) Symbolic of “Holy Trinity”
Mostly Latin text, sacred Later came 3rd voice, bar lines, time
signature, cleffs (more measurement and detail)
Historical Context
Italy, Paris, and France = center Invention of musical staff
Started writing down music 1000 AD
Schools of Music (1150-1175) St. Martial and Notre Dame (Both in France)
Rise of secular (non-religious) music Troubadors – Secular music groups (French)
Instruments added and polyphonic 1100-1300 AD
Historical Context: The Culture The culture
2 centers of power: Church
Monistraies and convents The state (centralized government, kingdoms)
Peasant, Ruler, or Monk
Literary Figures Dante’s “Divine Comedy” (Italy) Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales” (England)
Historical Context: Mass and Motet Gregorian Chant
Non-metric, conjunct (connected), single line, connected Notation – nuemes, 4 line stave
3 styles of text Syllabic Mellismatic Nuematic
Organization of mass in two categories Proper and Ordinary
Notre Dame School in Paris (“Grand Lady”) Development of polyphony Musical notation Two composers: Leonin and Perotin
Historical Context: Secular Music Goliards – students of music Jongleurs – wondering musicians Troubadors – Wondering musicians
(South France) Trouvers – wondering musicians (North
France) Minnesingers – German musicians
Instruments
Sackbut (Modern day Trombone) Lute (Recorder) Harp Violin Crumhorn (Oboe)
Art in Middle Ages
With team, look up art work from Middle Ages and send it to me in an email [email protected]
Then as a team, write down facts about the art work that you will present to the class on Friday
Try to relate this to music Save your paper as you will add to it every day this week 1s and 2s are researchers 3s are the scribes (who can send email and write down
presentation facts) 4s are the leader who will lead the presentation on Friday
(with help of team)
Composers in the Middle Ages Find a composer from the Middle Ages. Once you find, tell Ms.
Kinion and she will write it on the board. No repeats! If a team has already chosen their composer, you’ll have to find another one! [email protected]
Write down facts about the composer and famous works Describe the music and why he is important Save your paper as you will add to it every day this week 3s and 4s are researchers 1s are the scribes (who can send email and write down
presentation facts) 2s are the leader who will lead the presentation on Friday
(with help of team) If someone is absent, divide up their responsibility
Middle Ages Instruments
Email instrument pictures to Ms. Kinion [email protected]
Describe instrument. If you can find a recording that you can
show the class, you will get extra credit! Present
Art work Composer Instruments today