MedievalIndiaA Textbook for Class XI

MEENAKSHI JAIN

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\(I~:q ~ ~'C:TA 3tR" JlftratVT qRlSj~NATIONAL COUNCll OF EDUCATIONAl RESEARCH AND TRAINING

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

PREFACE

INTRODuCTION

India after Harsha: An Overview-Rise of NewKingdoms-Other Developments-Cultural andReligious Trends-Art and Literature-MaterialProsperityRECONSTRUCTING MEDIEVAL 1ND1A

Transition from the Ancient to the MedievalPertod-Sources of Study-Growth of Historiography-ColonialTrends-Modern DevelopmentsSTRUGGLE FOR CHAKRAVARTITVA

Gurjara Pratiharas- ThePalas- The Rashtrakutas-Nature of PolityTHE WORLD OF ISLAM

The Land and the People-Muhammad- The NewCommunity-Islam after Muhammad-ArabExpansion-The Frontier States of al-Hind-Sind-Kabul, Zabul-Rise of Ghaznavids-MahmudGhazni-The Ghurids-Causes ofTurkish SuccessTHE INDIAN KINGDOMS

Kingdoms of North India-The Chandellas ofJejakabhukti or Bundelkhand- The Paramaras ofMalwa-The Chahamanas or Chauhans ofSakambhari-The Kalachuris of Tripuri-TheChalukyas of Gujarat-KashmirNORTH-EASTERN AND EASTERN STATES

Assam-Bengal-orissa, Kalinga. THE DECCAN AND THE SOUTH

Chalukyas of Kalyani-The Eastern Chalukyas-TheYadavasofDevagiri-The Kakatiyas-DynastiesofSouth India -The Chola Empire-Hoysalas- TheLater Pandyas-Overview 'FOUNDING OF THE DELHI SULTANATE

The Mamluks '-The Shamsi Dynasties-Raziyaand Other Successors-Ghiyasuddin .Balban-

x

'lbeory ofKingship-End ofMamluk Rule~NobilityUnder the Mamluks ,Tm OEl,IU SULTANATE -11 70-88The Khaljis-Alauddin Khalji-Mongols-NobilityUnder the Khaljis-The Tughlaqs-GhiyasuddinTughlaq-Muhammad bin Tughlaq-Transfer ofCapltal-Token Currency-The Khurasan and

achil Projects-Taxation in the Doab-Revolts-Revolt ofthe Amrin-i-Sada-Religious Beliefs-

Shah Tughlaq-Expeditions-Mongols-dttary Assignments-Religious Orientation-ty Under the Tughlaqs

THE VtJAYANAGAR AND BAHAMANI KINGDOMS 89-97Eoundlng ofVijayanagar- Vijayanagar -Bahamani

nfllcts-Bahamani Kingdom-Climaxand DeclineYtjayanagar-Contribution

TWIUGHT YEARS 98-107

ur's Invasion-The Sayyids-The Lodis-!sitltegration of the Sultanate-The Easterne tons-Bengal, Kamarupa, Orlssa-Western

-Gujarat-Malwa-Mewar-Marwar-Amber-,-west and North India-Jaunpur-KashmirMY IN SULTANATE TIMES 108-113ltural Production-Rural Classes-Agrartann-Iqtas-N on -Agricultural Production-

erce-Slavery-CurrencyAND RELIGIOUS TRENDS 114-128

nate Architecture-Early Structures -ecture Under the Khaljls lind Tughlaqs -

,'Later Monuments-Language and Llterature-Persian Literature-Sanskrlt and Hindi

,\'Literature-Fine Arts-Cultural Encounter -Links, wlth the Caliph -Conversions-Bhakti Movement":, The Varkari Path-Saguna Bhakti-Birth of, Sikhlsm-Other Sects-8ufi Movement .

" 1'3.' ',' FOUNDATION OF MUGHAL RULE 129-137Bapllr-Indian Encoun ters- Panlpa t-Khan ua-

-~--- - Afghans Again-Assessment-Humayun-The~, ''\: ~ . Mghan Interregnum-Sher Shah- The Rajput

Challenge-Administratfve Measures-Land~ Revenue Under Sher Shah

14. INDIA UNDER AKBAR '138-156Early Conquests and Uprisings-Akbar and theRajputs-Fatehpur Sikri-Further Conquests-Akbar and the Deccan":ImperialIdeology-Religious

xi

Evolution-Composition ofthe Nobility-MansabdäriSystem-Land Grants-Land Revenue and Methodsof Assessment-Magnitude of Revenue Demand-Rural Taxes other than Land RevenueCONSOLIDATION OF MUGHAL RULE

Jahangir-The Deccan-The Sikhs-ReligiousDisposition-Nur Jahan-Succession-ShahJahan-The Southern Frontier-The North-West-Pol1ticalCulture-The Sikhs-Nobility under ShahJahan-War of SuccessionCLIMAX AND DISINTEGRATION

Aurangzeb- The Revolts of the Jats, Satnamis.Sikhs and Rajputs- The Jats -The Satnamis-The 'Sikhs-Other Uprisings-The Rajput Rebellion-Nobility under Aurangzeb- Tbe Rise of EuropeanPol1ticalPowerTHE DECCAN IMBROGLIO

Rise of the Marathas-Shivaji-Shaista Khan-Sac1{of Surat-Treaty of Purandar-Visit to the MughalCourt-Coronation and Contribution-The Arrivalof Prince Akbar-Bijapur and Golconda-TheMarathas Revisit~d-Marathas after Aurangzeb&rATE OF THE ECONOMY

Tbe System ofAgricultural Production-South lndia-The Position of Zamindars- The Peasant Armed-Slave Trade-Inland Trade-N on -agriculturalProducUon-T~e Advent of European TradingCompapies-European Companies and NewTrading Centres-The Growth of Urban Centres-TechnologtcalProgress-Population-Prtces-Wages-MoneyCULTlJRAL AHn RELIGIOUS PATTERNS 208-~21

Architecture- Tbe Akbari Monuments-Jahangir'sContribuUon-Tbe Zenith under Shah Jahan-Decline-Medieval Palaces and Buildings-MughalPainting-Music-Literary Developments-BhaktiMovement Continu~sGLossARY 222-224

BJBUOGRAPHY 225-228

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