medieval period
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Socio-Politic, Religion Issues, Literary Trends on Medieval PeriodTRANSCRIPT
Medieval PeriodBy:
Hesti Rohmanasari13150045
Medieval Period
Edward the Confessor (1042 - 1066) allegedly promised his kingdom to William, Duke of Normandy. On Edward's death, William invaded England to take what he considered rightfully his. This he did at the Battle of Hastings on 14th October, 1066, killing Harold II in the process. William took over the country and installed his own nobles on Saxon estates. To check up on what he actually had, he instigated the famous Domesday Book, listing every holding in the land.
Source : http://www.forumancientcoins.com/historia/england_2.htm
Socio-politic
The conflict was between France and England lasting 116 years, though there were long periods between battles.
It was fought primarily over claims by the English kings to the French throne.
It was started by Edward III (his mother was the daughter of the French King Philip IV).
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
What is feudalism?
Feudalism: “hierarchical system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord.”
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
Feudalism (social system)
The king had plenty of land; but he could not control it all. So he gave land to lords (barons) in exchange for protection, loyalty and $.Lords then gave their land to knights in exchange for protection, service at war, loyalty and $.Knights let serfs (peasants) work the land and they got protection, food and shelter.
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
barons
Problem with the feudalism
No strong central government: › King must ask his lords for knights in time
of war› King must ask his lords for money to pay
for things› Lords hold most of the power› Lords constantly fighting among
themselves.
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
Chivalry A product of feudalism,
chivalry was an idealized system of manners and morals› Restricted to nobility
The Medieval knight was bound to the chivalric code to be loyal to…› God› his lord› his lady
Chivalric ideals include...› benevolence› brotherly love› Politeness
- Sir Gawain is an example Source : http://www.slideshare.net/tbarnhart16/medieval-period-powerpoint-33045420?qid=c5574fdc-589b-4725-b5fc-550ce1536794&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1
William of Normandy introduced French culture and language and codified feudalism
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
French was spoken in the English court for the next 200 years.
MIDDLE ENGLISH (1100-1500) *grammatically simpler + structures and a lot of vocabulary from French.
1086 - William I creates Domesday Book for purposes of fair tax collection.
(* Great resource for modern historians to learn about Medieval life) Source :
http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
The Magna Charta
English King John (Lackland) was an unpopular king so his nobles forced him to sign it.
Limited powers of king.
Signed in 1215 Example of Rule of
Law.
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
Magna Charta - 1215 No royal official shall take goods
from any man without immediate payment.
No free man shall be imprisoned except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.
In future no official shall place a man on trial without producing credible witnesses.
Courts shall be held in a fixed place at a fixed time.
The barons shall elect a House of Lords for the creation of laws.
The English church shall be free. For a trivial offence, a free man
shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence.
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/giorgia23771/the-middle-ages-30499696
ReligionReligion was important in Medieval England. The two largest religions in medieval England were Roman Catholic and Protestant. Roman Catholic was of course brought to England by the Romans. You will learn about Apostolic and apostolic succession, the catholic views on the bible, their views on salvation, and the powers of the church. Martin Luther was the leader of the protestant movement. You will learn about the protestant beliefs and history. However many protestant beliefs are the same as the Catholics.
Source : http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01895/
Roman Catholic
Apostolicity and Apostolic SuccessionOne of the main ideas of this doctrine was whether they were apostolic. This is where the church was trying to maintain the most authentic teachings and practices that were approved by the apostles (The 12 disciples). In medieval England the most important idea about the church was that Peter was the first pope ordained by Jesus himself. The church believed that all the popes after Peter saying any one could understand the bible by themselves. This challenge to the catholic religion on this point allowed people to question the catholic views about revelation, church doctrine, and God’s will.Source :
http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01895/
Roman Catholic
Powers of the ChurchSince the people believed in Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory the church used this to there advantage by claiming they held the keys to heaven and hell. They virtually had control of every one in England. They could send you to one of these places using the Office of the Keys, Sacraments, Excommunication, and Sales of Indulgences.
Source : http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01895/
Protestantism
HistoryThe Lutheran movement was the first protestant movement led by Martin Luther who protested certain practices of the Roman Catholics. It spread rapidly through half of Europe. Lutherans largely agreed on the importance of faith and the authority of the bible. Protestantism began as a series of semi-independent religious movement. These movements resembled each other in their rejection of Catholicism, and because of this the Pope excommunicated all those who followed the protestant movement.
Source : http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01895/
Protestantism
BeliefsProtestants share most Christian beliefs with Catholicism and the eastern orthodox religions. They believe there is only one god and they believe in the trinity (The Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost). However, they disagree on the faith in god and grace of god and the authority of the bible. Unlike Catholics the Protestants believe you only need faith in god to be saved. They believe that god is all gracious and that people are incapable of saving their selves. Therefore, they are saved by the grace of god and his grace comes from Jesus dying on the cross. Most Protestants believe that the bible should be the only authortive document of their religion. They also believe in heaven and hell but not purgatory. Heaven is obtained by having faith in god that you ask for redemption of your sin sand that you claim Jesus as your savior. Hell is a place of eternal torture where those who do not have faith go. However, some people believe that the bible refers to purgatory by Abraham’s Bosom.
Source : http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01895/
Literature
The Middle Ages saw the beginnings of a rebirth in literature. Early medieval books were painstakingly hand-copied and illustrated by monks. Paper was a rarity, with vellum, made from calf's skin, and parchment, made from lamb's skin, were the media of choice for writing. Students learning to write used wooden tablets covered in green or black wax. The greatest number of books during this era were bound with plain wooden boards, or with simple tooled leather for more expensive volumes.
Source :http://www.slideshare.net/ellaboi/literature-during-medieval-period?qid=c5574fdc-589b-4725-b5fc-550ce1536794&v=qf1&b=&from_search=3
Types of Literature
Troubadour Poetry (Bernart de Ventadorn)› Arthurian Legends› Epic Romances/Quests (Dante Alighieri, Sir Gawain) › Courtly Love
Religious Poetry (Julian of Norwich) Fabliaux (Geoffrey Chaucer) Sonnets (Petrarch) Sestinas (Arnaut Daniel)
Source : http://www.slideshare.net/tbarnhart16/medieval-period-powerpoint-33045420?qid=c5574fdc-589b-4725-b5fc-550ce1536794&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1
Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in
London c. 1343 into a prosperous wine merchant family.
At the age of 16, he took part in a military expedition to France, a part of the Hundred Year’s War.
He was held prisoner, captured by the France.
The English king and Chaucer’s friend paid the ransom for his release.
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Haider322/geoffrey-chaucer-913431400?qid=a014b093-6964-4703-b7f9-55c4a3b7e6d5&v=qf1&b=&from_search=5
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer, although considered the greatest of English Medieval poets, was greatly influenced by contemporaneous French and Italian writers.
His poems are remarkable for their narrative sense, humor, and the strength characterization.
He died on October 25, 1400, at the age of c. 57.
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Haider322/geoffrey-chaucer-913431400?qid=a014b093-6964-4703-b7f9-55c4a3b7e6d5&v=qf1&b=&from_search=5
The Canterbury Tales
The Merchant's Portrait270: A marchant was ther with a forked berd, 271: In mottelee, and hye on horse he sat;272: Upon his heed a flaundryssh bever hat,273: His bootes clasped faire and fetisly.274: His resons he spak ful solempnely,275: Sownynge alwey th' encrees of his wynnyng.276: He wolde the see were kept for any thyng277: Bitwixe middelburgh and orewelle.278: Wel koude he in eschaunge sheeldes selle.279: This worthy man ful wel his wit bisette:280: Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette,281: So estatly was he of his governaunce282: With his bargaynes and with his chevyssaunce.283: For sothe he was a worthy man with alle,284: But, sooth to seyn, I noot how men hym calle.
Source: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/CT-prolog-para.html
The Canterbury Tales
THE MERCHANT (Modern English)There was a merchant with forked beard, and girtIn motley gown, and high on horse he sat,Upon his head a Flemish beaver hat;His boots were fastened rather elegantly.His spoke his notions out right pompously,Stressing the times when he had won, not lost.He would the sea were held at any costAcross from Middleburgh to Orwell town.At money-changing he could make a crown.This worthy man kept all his wits well set;There was no one could say he was in debt,So well he governed all his trade affairsWith bargains and with borrowings and with shares.Indeed, he was a worthy man withal,But, sooth to say, his name I can't recall.
The Canterbury Tales The Clerk's Portrait285: A clerk ther was of oxenford also, 286: That unto logyk hadde longe ygo.287: As leene was his hors as is a rake,288: And he nas nat right fat, I undertake,289: But looked holwe, and therto sobrely.290: Ful thredbare was his overeste courtepy;291: For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice,292: Ne was so worldly for to have office.293: For hym was levere have at his beddes heed294: Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,295: Of aristotle and his philosophie,296: Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie.297: But al be that he was a philosophre,298: Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre;299: But al that he myghte of his freendes hente,300: On bookes and on lernynge he it spente,301: And bisily gan for the soules preye302: Of hem that yaf hym wherwith to scoleye.303: Of studie took he moost cure and moost heede,304: Noght o word spak he moore than was neede,305: And that was seyd in forme and reverence,306: And short and quyk and ful of hy sentence;307: Sownynge in moral vertu was his speche,308: And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche.
THE CLERK (Modern English)A clerk from Oxford was with us also,Who'd turned to getting knowledge, long ago.As meagre was his horse as is a rake,Nor he himself too fat, I'll undertake,But he looked hollow and went soberly.Right threadbare was his overcoat; for heHad got him yet no churchly benefice,Nor was so worldly as to gain office.For he would rather have at his bed's headSome twenty books, all bound in black and red,Of Aristotle and his philosophyThan rich robes, fiddle, or gay psaltery.Yet, and for all he was philosopher,He had but little gold within his coffer;But all that he might borrow from a friendOn books and learning he would swiftly spend,And then he'd pray right busily for the soulsOf those who gave him wherewithal for schools.Of study took he utmost care and heed.Not one word spoke he more than was his need;And that was said in fullest reverenceAnd short and quick and full of high good sense.Pregnant of moral virtue was his speech;And gladly would he learn and gladly teach.
Source: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/CT-prolog-para.html
Fragment IVThe Merchant’s Tale
About a sixty-year old knight who decides he should marry a wife. The meaning of love, marriage, truth and faithfulness are being discussed
The Clerk’s TaleAbout a marquis called Walter. Lord Walter is a bachelor who is asked by his subjects to marry in order to provide a heir. Lord Walter assents and marries a poor girl called Griselda. After some time, Walter starts testing Griselda's patience. Ultimately, the clerk's tale is about unconditional female submissiveness.
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Wahyupancahandayani/canterbury-tales-10689475?qid=796d4a49-2a79-4f57-9aeb-44a18fe9bded&v=default&b=&from_search=6
THE LEGEND OFGOOD WOMEN
The Legend of Good Women is more about bad men than good women. The power of the men increases in the progression of tales, from a rebel youth to a king; simultaneously from the active Cleopatra (and more interest in Antony and the sea-battle anyway) to the passive Hypermnestra. Hypsipyle and Medea are crammed together because of one man, Jason.
John Wycliffe John Wycliffe was born near
Richmond (Yorkshire) in 1328
He became an ordained minister in 1351
John was a fellow of Merton in 1356
He received his Master of Arts at Biola in 1361
In 1372, he became a Doctor of Divinity
He left Oxford in 1381 John Wycliffe died on
December 31, 1384Source: http://www.slideshare.net/stroyer/historical-character-slide?qid=01356c1b-693b-45dc-a717-45354df3f3df&v=default&b=&from_search=1
Wycliffe Bible The Wycliffe Bible is a
great landmark in the history of the Bible and the English language. The first and literal translation of the Latin Vulgate Bible into the English language was done mostly by Wycliffe's followers, notably Nicholas Hereford. The better revision was done in 1395 directed by John Purvey..
Sir Thomas Wyatt Thomas Wyatt as born at
Allington Castle in Kent. Educated at John’s College,
Cambridge. He was the first English poet to
use the Italian forms of the sonnet and terza rima, and the French rondeau.
Thomas and Anne had been lovers before her marriage to Henry, and his sense of loss at their separation forms the subject of the famous sonnet ‘Whoso List To Hunt’
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/mrcoder/sir-thomas-wyatt-all-poems?qid=a97bc7ce-683f-4eb4-a652-745d3bc0fbea&v=default&b=&from_search=1
DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTRARIOUS
PASSIONS IN A LOVER. 2
FIND no peace, and all my war is done ; I fear and hope, I burn, and freeze like ice ;I fly aloft, yet can I not arise ;And nought I have, and all the world I seize on,That locks nor loseth, holdeth me in prison,And holds me not, yet can I scape no wise :Nor lets me live, nor die, at my devise,And yet of death it giveth me occasion.Without eye I see ; without tongue I plain :I wish to perish, yet I ask for health ;I love another, and thus I hate myself ;I feed me in sorrow, and laugh in all my pain. Lo, thus displeaseth me both death and life, And my delight is causer of this strife.
2 In imitation of Petrarch, Son. 104. This sonnet will be found, with some variations, in Nugæ Antiquæ, ed. 1769,vol. i. p. 169, and in Davison's Poems, ed. 1621, book ii.Canzon. viii. p. 108.
Source: http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/ifindno.htm
THE LOVER DESPAIRING TO ATTAIN UNTO
HOSO list to hunt ? I know where is an hind ! But as for me, alas ! I may no more,The vain travail hath wearied me so sore ;I am of them that furthest come behind.Yet may I by no means my wearied mindDraw from the deer ; but as she fleeth aforeFainting I follow ; I leave off therefore,Since in a net I seek to hold the wind.Who list her hunt, I put him out of doubtAs well as I, may spend his time in vain !And graven with diamonds in letters plain,There is written her fair neck round about ; ' Noli me tangere ; for Cæsar's I am,And wild for to hold, though I seem tame.'
[AJ Notes: Thought to be about Anne Boleyn, with whom Wyatt had a relationship before the King became interested in her.Noli me tangere, "touch me not." ]
HIS LADY'S GRACE RELINQUISHETH THE PURSUIT.
Source: http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/whosolist.htm
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