mednet monographs · saum (fasting) – a unique exercise in self-purification and self-restraint...
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MEDNET MONOGRAPHS An authentic series of Monographs on diverse aspects of Islam highlighting its fundamentals,
basic concepts, ethos and values, explaining their relevance in the contemporary context in a
systematic and scientific way
S. No. Theme Titles
1. Deen-e-Islam And Modern Society
2. Basic Tenets of Islam
3. SALAAT – Symbol of Obedience to Allah (SWT) Discipline, Unity and Equality in Islam
4. ZAKAAT – Islamic System of Social Justice
5. SAUM (Fasting) – A Unique Exercise in Self-purification and Self-restraint
6. HAJJ – A Superb Display of Unity and Unique Leveler of Mankind
7. Compilation of Al-Qur'an: The Verbatim Record of the Words of Allah (SWT)
8. Islamic Values: Eternally Relevant, Universally Applicable
9. Islam was the Religion of all the Prophets-Muhammad (SAWS) was the Last Prophet
10. Muhammad Rasulullah (SAWS): A Biographical Sketch
11. Prophets of Allah (SWT) and Their Mission
12. The Three Sacred Mosques: (i) Masjid-al-Haraam (ii) Masjid-al-Aqsa (iii) Masjid-al-Nabawi
13. Battles by the Prophet (SAWS)
14. Selected Sermons of the Prophet (SAWS)
15. Compilation of Ahadith (Traditions) of the Prophet (SAWS)
16. Islam the Religion of Peace, Compassion and Justice
17. Selected Qur'anic Verses: Classified by Scientific Themes
18. Qur'anic Encouragement to Scientific Research
19. 3BModern Technology, Resource Utilization and Qur'anic Approach
20. Astronomical Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations
21. Earth Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations
22. Biological Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations
23. Medical Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations
24. Riba, Modern and Islamic Banking: A Critique
25. 0BStatus and Rights of Women in Islam
26. 1BConcept of Jihad in Islam
27. Khulfa-Al-Rashidin: The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs
28. Distinguished Companions of the Prophet (SAWS)
29. Challenges to Islam, Educational Reforms and Ijtihad in Islam
30. Essence and Spirit of Islam
Cost of Monographs: Each Monograph costs Rs. 100.0 or US $ 5.0 Complete set of 30(Thirty)
Monographs costs Rs. 3,000.0 or US $ 150.00 including mailing cost.
Details regarding procurement of Monographs are given overleaf.
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MONOGRAPH No. 1
DEEN-E-ISLAM AND MODERN SOCIETY
Islam is in the news quit regularly these days, mostly in connection with terrorist acts,
disruption of peace and subversion of rule of law. After the end of cold war, it appears,
Islam has attracted special attention of the world media and opinion makers.
Extraordinary efforts are being made to present Islam as an intolerant, repressive and
retrogressive dogma out to create trouble wherever and whenever possible. Attempts are
also being made to create an impression that the Qur'an, Islam's holy book, is the root
cause of it all, exhorting its followers not to rest till all traces of un-Islamic symbols are
removed. The truth is quit different.
There is no denying the fact that there are groups which, not only say so openly but
exhort Muslims to join hands in the holy war - Jihad. The very word Jihad, which is the
supreme duty of a Muslim in the cause of peace, amity, justice and brotherhood, has been
reduced to overt and covert acts of destruction and de-stabilization for political ends.
Coupled with this, the high profile and high flying modern writers like Huntington,
Naipaul and others are working overtime with full support of powerful media, to put
forward theories to convince the world that so long the Qur'an continues to exist and
followed, there cannot be any peace in the world!
Prudent and learned opinion of a vast majority of Muslim professionals, thinkers,
philosophers, theologians, clergy and common people, not only differs with all that is
being propounded by the modern day Jihadis, but also condemns all such activities,
which cause loss of life, property and honour of innocent common people, which are
basically for political ends. It can not be ruled that most of these groups are created,
funded and given prominence in media coverage by the very people who chant slogans of
doom.
This monograph is an effort to present the true teachings of Islam as contained in the
Qur'an, which is the only authentic book of Islam. It has remained intact from the day of
its revelation, nearly fourteen centuries ago, in a language that has never gone out of use
since times much earlier than the advent of Islam. It highlights the most significant
aspects of Islam, i.e., peace and prosperity for all with the slogan of 'live and let live' with
mutual respect, tolerance, cooperation, justice and equality. It is for the readers to judge
for themselves as to where does the truth lie. The author, representing the mainstream
Muslims, has achieved this aim in strikingly simple and reader-friendly manner.
The monograph was specially written by the eminent Islamic scholar late Prof. Murtuza
Siddiqi for MEDNET. An extremely learned person, who held many scholastic
assignments at international level notably in Saudi Arabia as Professor in faculty of
Diplomatic Studies and in English in University College of Technology.
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MONOGRAPH No. 2
BASIC TENETS OF ISLAM
This monograph on the Basic Tenets of Islam attempts to present a concise and coherent
account of the key elements of the Islamic faith such as Wahdaniyat (Oneness of Allah),
Risalat (Prophet-hood) and Aakhirat (Life Hereafter). It also explains the importance of
the various proclamations and assertions which Muslims repeatedly make to affirm their
total faith in Allah (SWT), His Prophets and the Message of the Qur'an. The book claims
that adherence to the norms laid down in the Basic Tenets will strike a balance between
material and spiritual aspects of life. It will guide individuals and communities to develop
their personality and character in perfect harmony and peace, replacing hatred with love,
conflict with cooperation and selfish-ness with self sacrifice.
The concepts of Aakhirat (Life Hereafter) and Day of Reckoning have been concisely
explained. Accountability is fundamental to Islam. It implies that individuals are
answerable to Allah (SWT) for all their earthly deeds. They should therefore be careful
for nothing can be concealed from the ever watchful eyes of the Omnipresent Allah
(SWT). Human beings are warned to avoid sinful acts, particularly major sins, such as
Shirk i.e. equating other beings or objects with the One and Only Allah (SWT), murder,
theft and slander. On the Day of Reckoning everyone will be brought back to life and will
have to account for his/her deeds. None can escape it. This is precisely why Islam
stresses that Faith in the Oneness of Allah (SWT), in the Prophethood of Muhammad
(SAWS), and of all other Prophets divinely ordained, should be reinforced by Noble
Deeds for redemption on the Day of Reckoning.
The monograph is compiled by a Committee of Experts led by late Mr. Syed Abdul Wali
Quadri, former Chancellor of Jamia Nizamiah, Hyderabad, one of the oldest and reputed
Islamic Institutes in India.
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MONOGRAPH No. 3
SALAAT: SYMBOL OF OBEDIENCE TO ALLAH (SWT), DISCIPLINE, UNITY
AND EQUALITY IN ISLAM
There are many forms of worship adopted by different religions but Salaat, the most
visible facet of Islamic worship, is unique and unparalleled. It was gifted to Prophet
Muhammad (SAWS) directly from Allah (SWT) during his ascent to Heaven (Me'raj) for
the benefit of the followers of Islam. Five times a day Salaat were made obligatory on all
adult Muslims. While Mosque is a preferred location for offering Salaat, it can however
be performed in any neat and clean spot. Thus the whole world has been made a mosque
(place of worship) for the Muslims.
It is stressed in this monograph that Salaat is a preeminent pillar of Islam. It symbolises
total submission to the Divine will, unqualified acceptance of the Supreme Authority of
Allah (SWT) and all that is enjoined upon the Muslims in the holy Qur'an. A Muslim
repeatedly reaffirms it five times a day preferably in a Mosque without fail. This
establishes a unique bond between Allah (SWT) and His slaves, as all Muslims are, and
inculcates a sense of brotherhood amongst regular worshippers.
The monograph highlights the fact that regular performance of Salaat with devotion and
sincerity makes them conscious of their obligations towards both Allah (SWT) and
mankind. It repeatedly reminds the Muslims to refrain from obscene and prohibited acts.
Salaat brings about a strong sense of discipline, unity, equality and social cohesiveness
because of the encouragement to offer Salaat in congregations with brother Muslims.
Further, it inculcates the habit of cleanliness for no one can offer Salaat unless he/she is
in a state of perfect cleanliness.
It is also emphasised in this book and illustrated with examples that Salaat has a distinct
etiquette and has to be offered in a correct manner as ordained by Allah (SWT) and
practiced by Prophet Muhammad (SAWS). This monograph will, Insha Allah, act as a
perfect guide to enable the Muslims to perform this obligatory religious duty correctly
with equanimity, composure, complete confidence and total satisfaction.
This monograph also provides the fundamental philosophy of worship in Islam to the
non-Muslims readers who are eager to enhance their knowledge, but find it difficult to
lay hands on authentic and reader friendly source that is easily available at reasonable
cost.
The monograph is compiled by a Committee of Experts led by late Mr. Syed Abdul Wali
Quadri, former Chancellor of Jamia Nizamiah, Hyderabad, one of the oldest and reputed
Islamic Institutes in India.
MONOGRAPH No. 4
ZAKAAT - ISLAMIC SYSTEM OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
Economic disparities due to inequality in the distribution of resources seem to be inherent
to human civilisation. Socialism and Communism have signally failed to remove or
reduce this disparity that can only be accomplished through a judicious application of the
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principle of Zakaat, which is unique to Islam and elevated to an act of worship.
This monograph highlights the system Islam has evolved to accomplish social justice by
redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor. Zakaat is one of the pillars of Islam that
enjoins all Muslims whose wealth exceeds the prescribed limit to pay Zakaat so that the
needy, the poor and the people in distress can be helped. Zakaat is thus both a social and
religious obligation on the "haves" to help the "have-nots." Those who fail to fulfil this
important religious obligation are warned of committing a major sin attracting retribution
from Allah (SWT).
This monograph spells out clearly the categories on whom Zakaat will be binding as well
as those entitled to receive Zakaat. It elaborates clearly the purpose for which Zakaat
funds can be utilized as per the Qur'anic injunctions and the Traditions of the Prophet
(SAWS). It also explains lucidly the methods of assessment as agreed upon by different
schools of Fiqh. In the end it provides a handy proforma to assess Zakaat dues easily and
comprehensively.
The monograph is compiled by a Committee of Experts led by late Mr. Syed Abdul Wali
Quadri, former Chancellor of Jamia Nizamiah, Hyderabad, one of the oldest and reputed
Islamic Institutes in India.
MONOGRAPH No. 5
SAUM (FASTING) - A UNIQUE EXERCISE IN SELF-PURIFICATION AND
SELF-RESTRAINT
This monograph covers one of the five pillars of Islam, i.e., Saum (popularly called
'fasting'). Saum, as its place in Islamic faith suggests, is an act of worship. However,
people consider Salaat (popularly called 'prayers'), as the only from of worship in Islam,
perhaps due to its regularity, frequency and visibility.
Fasts are observed by adherents of almost all major religions in the world. In that sense,
there is nothing unique or special about the Saum prescribed in Islam. However, the spirit
behind this arduous exercise is unique. Its aim is to provide an opportunity to the person
to tend his faith, renew his resolve to adhere to the tenets of Islam and to feel the pain of
poverty. By voluntarily abstaining from routine physical demands of body, from dawn to
dusk, even while carrying on with the normal business of life, the person is exercised in
self restraint, discipline and staying away from all that is prohibited in the conduct of day
to day affairs throughout his life.
Saum inspires the emergence of pious instincts in a person and suppresses the vicious
ones, in order to bring piety in day to day life. As a result, society itself obtains a pious
character- an inescapable pre-requisite of a peaceful, progressive and prosperous
civilization. Without piety neither an individual nor the society can remain satisfied and
peaceful.
By designating a particular month of the Lunar calendar, it ensures uniformity in the
observance of fast throughout the world. More importantly, it ensures collective form in
worship, which is the hallmark of all forms of Islamic worship. By adding the long Saum
prayers (Tarawiyah) during nights, which are offered in congregations, emphasis is laid
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on the unity of adherents and higher purpose of this life, or else, it would degenerate into
a mere ritual of subjecting the body to suffer by denying its legitimate needs, which, by-
itself means nothing.
Readers will find this monograph quite informative, not only in practice but also the spirit
guiding this aspect of Islamic way of worship. It will be an interesting reading for both,
Muslims and Non-Muslims, who wish to know about this annual exercise in which
Muslims all-over the world participate with great enthusiasm and fervor.
The monograph is compiled by a Committee of Experts led by late Mr. Syed Abdul Wali
Quadri, former Chancellor of Jamia Nizamiah, Hyderabad, one of the oldest and reputed
Islamic Institutes in India.
MONOGRAPH No. 6
HAJJ - A GRAND DISPLAY OF UNITY AND UNIQUE LEVELLER OF
MANKIND
This monograph explains the concept of the Hajj pilgrimage in its historical background
and spiritual context. It also details out, step by step, the various rites and rituals
associated with this pilgrimage.
The rites and rituals as enjoined in Islam are not merely ceremonies to be performed
mechanically. They always carry a profound spiritual significance and guide mankind to
the path of piety and righteousness. As for instance Salaat (five daily prayer) prevents us
from sinful and blasphemous deeds. Saum or fasting continuously for one month from
dawn to dusk is a great exercise in patience, restraint and self control. Zakaat or the Poor
Due inspires us to be charitable and to help the needy and the poor and mitigate their
suffering in order to seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT). Similarly, the pilgrimage for Hajj
inspires Muslims to submit completely to the will of Allah (SWT) as was done by
Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his elder son Prophet Isma'il (AS). Simultaneously it inculcates
among Muslims a strong feeling of fraternity, equality and unity.
The spiritual benefits of the Hajj pilgrimage maximize if the rites and rituals relating to
Hajj are performed precisely the same way as they were performed by the Prophet
(SAWS). The meaning and significance of the various rites relating to the Hajj
pilgrimage such as the declaration of the state of Ehram at Miqaat, the stay at Mina, and
prayers in the plains of Arafat, which plays a key role among the pilgrimage rites, have
been explained in simple language for easy understanding. Further, the monograph also
highlights the actions and deeds, which are forbidden during the course of the Hajj.
The monograph is compiled by a Committee of Experts led by late Mr. Syed Abdul Wali
Quadri, former Chancellor of Jamia Nizamiah, Hyderabad, one of the oldest and reputed
Islamic Institutes in India.
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MONOGRAPH No. 7
COMPILATION OF AL-QUR'AN: THE VERBATIM RECORD OF THE
WORDS OF ALLAH (SWT) OR THE UNCREATED WORDS OF ALLAH (SWT)
This monograph Compilation of Al-Qur'an: the Verbatim Record of the Words of Allah
(SWT) or the Uncreated Words of Allah (SWT) is divided into three parts. Part-I presents
an authentic account of the series of events which led to the compilation of a single
standard version of the Qur'an during the Caliphate of Uthman (RA) which is used by the
Muslims the world over. It also critically and objectively looks into the criticisms of the
Orientalists against the Qur'an. They have been found to be baseless and unsub-
stantiated. The monograph produces irrefutable evidence and arguments to establish the
authenticity of Al-Qur'an as the Uncreated Words of Allah (SWT).
In Part-II a comparative study has been made of the Qur'anic revelations and description
in the Taurat (Torah) on identical themes. There is a large measure of uniformity in their
respective descriptions on identical themes. However, the human interpolations in the
Taurat (Torah) become evident where they differ substantially from the Qur'an which
contains the ultimate truth.
Part-III highlights the commonalities in thoughts, values and ideologies of the three
monotheistic religions viz Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Their ideological differences
are negligible ethical norms and moral values are almost identical. This wide
convergence of their respective value systems speaks eloquently that they have all been
derived from the same common source i.e. Allah (SWT). In view of this strong and
striking commonality of their value systems it should not be difficult for Jews, Christians
and Muslims to make a united endeavour to end corruption, exploitation, conflict,
tyranny and oppression from this world and establish enduring peace and ensure
continuing progress of human civilization.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam is an eminent scholar in Islamic studies and a former
Vice-Chancellor of KashmirUniversity. He held many important assignments at national
and international levels. He was also a visiting Professor at Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn
Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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MONOGRAPH No. 8
ISLAMIC VALUES: ETERNAL AND UNIVERSALLY APPLICABLE
This monograph on Islamic values: Eternally Relevant, Universally Applicable highlights
the silent features of the Islamic values and cogently explains their relevance in the
modern context.
Islam is essentially a humane religion. It totally conforms to human nature and human
welfare is deeply enshrined in the Qur'an. Islamic values stem out from the Islamic
concept of unity and supremacy of Allah (SWT) Who is the Creator and the Sustainer of
the universe. Islam is uncompromisingly monotheists and believes in human equality
irrespective of the position and status one enjoys in the society. According to Qur'an the
most pious are the most honoured in the sight of Allah (SWT). It is further highlighted in
this monograph that Islam enunciates the concept of total justice without any
discrimination. Allah (SWT) did not spare the wife of Prophet Lut (Lot), the son of
Prophet Nuh (Noah) and the father of Prophet Abraham when they were guilty of
blasphemous acts.
Islam does away completely with superstition and rejects totally the concept of
priesthood. It preaches and practices direct access to Allah (SWT) without any
intermediary. Any Muslim who is familiar with the right procedures can perform the rites
and rituals associated with marriages and death.
The monograph explains systematically and logically the Islamic concept of modesty and
its insistence on the preservation and protection of the dignity and chastity of women.
Any act which disturbs domestic peace and that of the society such as gambling, usury,
drinking, adultery and immodesty has been strongly condemned. Islam is firmly against
the exploitation of women as a marketable commodity for commercial purposes. It
supports all such acts which lend stability to the society and promote peace and
prosperity. It therefore insists on adherence to commitments, fulfilment of contractual
obligation and honesty in trading and commercial transactions.
One of the salient features of this monograph is that it presents the concept of Jihad in its
true Islamic perspective as enjoined in the Qur'an and preached and practiced by the
Prophet (SAWS) and Khulfa-e-Rashidin. It attempts to remove the apprehensions among
the non-Muslims treating Jihad as act of terrorism. This misgiving has largely arisen
because the conservative and fanatic Muslims interpret Jihad as an obligatory fight
against the infidels. Jihad has a strong spiritual component and its military manifestation
is mostly defensive in nature and can be launched under grave provocation and when the
very survival of Islam and Muslim society is threatened. It is a fundamental principle of
Qital in Islam that Muslims ought not to initiate fight against the enemy, should resist
their aggression and during the course of the fight the innocents should not be touched
and harmed.
The monograph concludes reminding us stirringly of the Day of Reckoning and our
accountability to Allah (SWT) of our earthly deeds which will be scrutinised in the
minutest details, speedy and total justice will be done to one and all. The guilty will
perish in Hell fire and the pious will be sent to dwell in Heaven.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam, is an eminent social scientist and a former Vice-
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Chancellor of Kashmir University. He held many important assignments at national and
international levels. He was also a visiting Professor at Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud
Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which has also published his book: "Scientific
Significance in Selected Qur‘anic Verses". (1999)
MONOGRAPH No. 9
ISLAM WAS THE RELIGION OF ALL THE PROPHETS MUHAMMAD (SAWS)
WAS THE LAST PROPHET
This monograph highlights the point that Islam, the religion of peace and of submission
to the will of Allah (SWT), was the religion of all the prophets from Adam (AS) to
Prophet Muhammad (SAWS). They were all inspired by the one and the same supreme
Divine Force-Allah (SWT) and therefore preached and propagated the same fundamental
truth of Oneness and Supremacy of Allah (SWT). This strong idealogical identity among
all the religions is also confirmed by the fact that despite interpolations and distortions in
their texts all the extant scriptures right from the ancient Vedas and Puranas to Tauret
(Torah) and Injeel (Bible) have retained predictions about the prophetic mission of
Muhammad (SAWS), the incomparable benefactor of mankind. The Prophetic mission of
Muhammad (SAWS) had certain distinctive features. His mission was of universal
character freed from the limitations of time, space and ethnicity whereas the missions of
all other prophets were community and region specific. He was gifted with a Divine
Book - Al Qur'an, a book of universal relevance for the guidance of all mankind, which
would remain uncorrupted and would retain its originality till eternity.
The Qur'an testifies that the Prophet (SAWS) was gifted with an unmatched nobility of
character among all human beings. Allah (SWT) was so immensely pleased with the
sincerity, devotion and dedication with which Muhammad (SAWS) discharged his
prophetic duties that He promised to keep him ever on the path of Truth and
Righteousness. Moreover, on the Day of Resurrection Muhammad (SAWS) would be
elevated to the most distinguished position, i.e. Maqam-e-Mahmood "Station of Praise
and Glory" with the permission to intercede, and seek divine pardon for those not guilty
of shirk i.e. joining other gods with Allah (SWT). Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) was that
missing hallowed brick which perfected the magnificent edifice of Deen (religion) Islam,
meticulously nurtured by the preceding prophets, and with him thus terminated the chain
of divinely ordained prophets.
However the most privileged and unique distinction conferred on Muhammad (SAWS)
was the return Night Journey (Asra) during the fraction of a night from Masjid Al Haram
in Makkah to Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, and his subsequent ascent to Heaven (Me'raj)
from Masjid Al-Aqsa in order to see the splendid creations of Allah (SWT) which are
beyond human imagination and which defy description. The Muslim exegisits are not
agreed if this miraculous event was an experience of the soul only or occurred in full state
of awakening involving physical transportation of the Prophet (SAWS). Allah (SWT) and
His Prophet (SAWS) alone knows the truth. It is, however, suggested in this book that in
the light of such Qur'anic evidences as the descent of Adam and Eve, in human form,
from Heaven to Earth, and the shift of the throne of Queen of Saba (Sheba), in the
twinkling of an eye, from Yemen to the palace of Solomon in Jerusalem, the miracle of
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Asra and Me'raj occurring in full state of awakening is well within the realm of
possibility. Nothing is beyond the Power of Allah (SWT).
The monograph stresses the point that Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) was the ultimate in
epitomising the Qur'anic values and the spirit and ethos of Islam. There was no
contradiction in his thought and action, precept and practice, in his worldly and spiritual
life. They were in perfect harmony. He had attained the pinnacle of both spiritual glory
and human nobility. The brilliance of his achievements has remained unmatched and
unparalleled in human history, even to this day, and will not be excelled till the
Doomsday.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam. He was ably assisted by Late Dr. Mohammad Ahmad
and Dr. M.A.K. Fatimy, Colonel A.F.M.A. Muqsith (Retd.).
MONOGRAPH No. 10
MUHAMMAD RASULALLAH A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
This Monograph presents a synoptic view of the monumental and inspired achievements
of Prophet Muhammad. Islam, the religion that he founded in the early seventh century
A.D., is one of the fastest growing religions in the world. It now claims more than a
billion adherents in the 21st. Century.
Muhammad was born an orphan in a noble Quraysh tribe. He was a precocious and an
extremely intelligent child, gifted with the knack of solving difficult and complicated
problems with ease and competence. It was evident when he resolved the sensitive issue
of fixing the black stone in the wall of Ka‘bah to the satisfaction of all the rival and
competing tribes. He was reputed for his impeccable honesty. He was loved and admired
by the entire Quraysh community that gave him the title of ―Sadiq-ul-Amin‖ because of
his truthfulness and honesty.
The book highlights the fact that the Prophet would spend hours together meditating
deeply in the cave of Hira , particularly in the month of Ramadhan, to unravel the
mystery regarding the creation of the universe, and about its creator. It was in one of
these meditative periods, in the month of Ramadhan, that Jibrael appeared and conveyed
to him the divine command of his prophethood and asked him to proclaim the Unity of
Allah, struggle against polytheism, persuade people to abandon idol worship, and restore
the pristine purity of Ka‘bah as the house of worship for the One and Only Allah. This
was a most challenging assignment and a herculean task.
The monograph describes graphically the trials and tribulations, the cruelties and tortures
inflicted on the Prophet and his Companions by the polytheists. They tried various
stratagems including tempting Muhammad (saws) with wealth, power and position to
dissuade him from his mission but nothing worked. The Quraysh then took the extreme
step to impose an economic and social boycott of the clans of Banu Abd Munaf and sub-
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clan of Banu Abd Muttalib. This boycott was rigidly applied. Even this harsh measure
failed.
The migration of the Prophet to Madinah was a landmark event which transformed the
history of Islam and of the world. The first Islamic state was established by the Prophet in
Madinah where he had to face many complex problems which threatened the survival of
both Islam and the State of Madinah. Here he had to counter the intrigues and treachery
of the Jews and of the Hypocrites, and the military aggression of the Quraysh of Makkah
and their allies. These adversarial forces pooled their resources to destroy Islam. The
Muslims under the exemplary leadership of the Prophet and with the help of Allah
effectively countered aggressive military designs of the Quraysh and their allies. The
Jewish menace was also totally crushed. Politically the State of Madinah was stabilised.
The conquest of Makkah was a glorious event in the history of Islam. It has no parallels
in the annals of history. It was a bloodless victory without any war. It marked the end of
polytheism and termination of idol worship. The pristine purity of Ka‘bah was fully
restored. The Prophet entered Makkah, in all humility, as a humble servant of Allah to
restore the glory of Ka‘bah as the house of worship for the One and only Allah. There
was no vindictiveness, no vengeance and no compulsive conversion. The Prophet granted
amnesty to one and all forgetting and forgiving all the humiliation and brutalities that
were inflicted upon him and his Companions when they lived in Makkah.
It is hoped that this Monograph will encourage the readers to adopt and implement the
purity, simplicity, flexibility, magnanimity, tolerance and progressive character of Islam
as it existed during the life of the Prophet.
Author: Professor Shah Manzoor Alam, a distinguished social scientist
MONOGRAPH No. 11
PROPHETS OF ALLAH AND THEIR MISSION
This Monograph presents a fascinating account of the origin, purpose, continuation and
termination of the Prophetic missions divinely commissioned by Allah (SWT) from the
descent of Adam on earth till its conclusion with the mission of Muhammad (SAWS), the
last or the 'seal of the Prophets' as revealed in the Qur'an. Although according to an
authentic tradition of the Prophet a little over 124,000 Prophets were divinely
commissioned among diverse communities, the world over, since the dawn of human
civilization. The missions of only 24 of them, who have been mentioned in the Qur'an,
have been discussed in this Monograph.
These Prophetic missions were commenced and commissioned by Allah (SWT) to reform
human societies, in different stages of their growth and in diverse geographical settings,
from idolatrous and corrupt practices. Their basic objective was to warn the respective
peoples to follow the path of virtue and righteousness as preached and practiced by their
respective Prophets. They were also severely warned that if they defied the commands of
Allah (SWT), as conveyed to them by their Prophets, they would be subjected to severe
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punishment in this world and in the Hell Fire in the Hereafter.
This Monograph highlights that there was complete uniformity and unity in the Missions
of all the Prophets. They all stressed on the unity, eternity and supremacy of Allah (SWT)
the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe. They all preached the worship of one and
only Allah (SWT) and condemned unambiguously idol worship. They all exhorted their
respective peoples to fear Allah (SWT) and live an honest, truthful, just, generous and
compassionate life in this world which will earn them Divine reward on the Day of
Resurrection. In case they did not follow the path of piety shown by their Prophets they
will invite the wrath of Allah (SWT) and extremely severe divine retribution. Thus all
those who defied the commands of Allah (SWT) by violating the teachings of their
respective Prophets were annihilated by catastrophic events. The people of Nuh (Noah),
who mocked at Prophet Nuh, were drowned in a flood of colossal dimension. The people
A'd who rejected the teachings of Prophet Hud were completely destroyed by a furious
blizzard which lasted more than a week. Similarly the people of Thamud were killed by a
thunderbolt and violent earthquake for defying their Prophet Saleh. The people of
Prophet Lut (Lot) were also destroyed for persisting with their shameful act of Sodomy
by an earthquake of extreme magnitude and exceptionally violent volcanic eruption. This
should serve as a warning to the followers of Gay Movement and those countries and
churches which legitimise them. The fate of arrogant Pharaoh who was drowned in the
Red Sea for his contemptuous condemnation of the teachings of Prophet Moses should
serve as a moral lessons to all arrogant and tyrant rulers. Since the Qur'an provides the
bare facts about the death and destruction of these defiant people the author has
supplemented them by some interesting details obtained from Biblical sources where they
do not conflict with the facts revealed in the Qur'an.
This Monograph also stresses the fact that Allah (SWT) always protected His Prophets,
invariably rescued them from extremely difficult situations and blessed them with a life
of honour and dignity. As for instance Prophet Nuh (Noah) together with his family
members and his handful of followers was rescued in the Ark that he had built. Prophet
Ibrahim (Abraham) emerged unharmed from the flaming fire in which he was thrown by
the men of king Nimord. Prophet Moses along with Bani Israel crossed the Red Sea
safely while Pharaoh and his entire army was drowned. And finally despite all the
scheming, and evil designs of the Pagans of Makkah to assassinate Prophet Mohammad
(SAWS) he could safely migrate to Madina.
The Monograph concludes with a brief discussion of the Prophetic Mission of
Muhammad (SAWS) in order to reiterate and emphasise the continuity and unity of all
prophetic missions. It is indeed remarkable that despite the stresses and strains he
sustained, the tremendous difficulties and obstacles he encountered, nevertheless with the
help of Allah (SWT), with his total dedication, grit and determination and with the
unflinching, support, loyalty and devotion of his companions, Muhammad (SAWS)
achieved signal and unparalleled success in his mission and finally succeeded in founding
the Islamic State of Madinah which he administered by successfully implementing the
Qur'anic laws.
The author of this Monograph, Dr. Hafeez Siddiqi is an eminent geographer who has
made notable contributions in the field of geopolitics. He is a reputed authority on the
geopolitics of the Indian Ocean. His book: India and the Indian Ocean presents, an
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exquisite exposition of the geostrategic importance of India in the Indian Ocean. Dr.
Siddiqi has an equally keen insight on Islamic history. This book is his first major
contribution in Islamic Studies. He is an M.A. from the Aligarh Muslim University and
Ph D from Pune University, India.
MONOGRAPH No. 12
THE THREE SACRED MOSQUES: (I) MASJID-AL-HARAAM (II) MASJID-AL-
AQSA (III) MASJID-AL-NABAWI
The three most important shrines of Islam, i.e., Masjid Al-Haraam at Makkah and Masjid
Al-Nabi at Madinah, both in Saudi Arabia, and Masjid Al-Aqsa at Jerusalem in Palestine,
are intimately linked to the history of the Religion of Islam. It is desirable to know about
their origin, development, historical events and their significance in the progress of the
Divine Guidance to the humankind, if one wishes to fully grasp the spirit of Islam. More
so in the light of the disputes and controversies surrounding Masjid Al-Aqsa, whose
identity is fudged using the photographs of the golden tomb of the Dome of Rock.
Though there is a horde of literature and plenty of information available in print as well
as in electronic records, there is no single volume dealing with the essential details of
these important shrines. Moreover, there is no effort to bring out their intimate
relationship with each other and with the three great religions – Judaism, Christianity and
Islam, which, unfortunately are at loggerhead with each other.
This Monograph fulfils this requirement aptly. It deals with the subject in a logical
sequence incorporating all key details. It will prove to be a source of authentic knowledge
for those who are keen to know about these important shrines of Islam.
The most interesting aspect of this Monograph is the linking of the legacy of these
shrines with the spiritual guidance of humankind that remains the special feature in our
lives even in these times of explosive expansion of the material aspect of our societies.
Author: Late Mr. Mohd. Ali Khan, an eminent agricultural scintist who had keen insight
on Islamic History
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MONOGRAPH No. 13
BATTLES BY THE PROPHET (SAWS)
Many books have been written on this subject. They differ widely in details and method
of dealing with the subject. Necessity was felt to have a book on this important subject
covering all essential aspects of each of the battles fought under the command of the
Prophet Mohammad (SAWS), giving the background leading to and the resultant impact
of outcome on the immediate course of events. These battles were not at all like other
battles which have taken place and may continue, so long as ruling elite of the nations
remain enslaved to the so called 'national interests' and personal greed of fame, name and
influence. Compared to the two great wars fought during 20th Century, battles fought at
the early stages of Islam, have hardly any significance in military terms. But the impact
the result of each of these battles had on the course of human history makes them unique
and epoch making.
This monograph on Battles by the Prophet (SAWS), is not merely a narration of the
events which took place during the course of these battles. It provides deep insight to the
background and the events leading to them, essential details of the battles themselves and
the abnormal outcomes and the resultant impact. It also brings to the fore the daring
deeds of personal bravery and valour, displayed in the face extreme odds faced by the ill
equipped, and much less prepared, men coming out victorious against all norms of such
battles. It appears that those deeply committed and devoted men, bearing arms in the
cause of God, literally chased the death with such zeal and enthusiasm that the death
itself got scared of them. There are hardly any parallel of such battles in the history of
warfare.
The monograph also presents the concept of war in Islam, the etiquette to be followed
and rules to be observed even under such trying conditions which any war presents.
Contrary to the custom of loot, plunder, destruction, display of vengeance and cruelty,
Muslim fighters displayed remarkable restraint during battles and dignified and
magnanimous treatment given to the vanquished - all as a proof of extreme sense of
personal discipline, respect to the divine directions and instruction of the commander.
From this point of view, these battles become unique in the history of mankind and
contributed substantially to the drafting of all declarations, charters and conventions
which the modern world has come to respect and regard as great achievements.
The monograph is result of life long study and profound research in Islamic history by
late Mr. Sayyid Ameenul Hasan Rizvi, who graciously permitted its publication by
MEDNET. He was an eminent lawyer, a distinguished scholar and a Member of the
Muslim Law Board in India
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MONOGRAPH No. 14
FORTY SELECTED SERMONS OF THE PROPHET (SAWS)
These Selected Forty Sermons of Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) include some landmark
sermons of great historical significance which marked a turning point in the history of
Islam.
After the revelation of the verses: "Proclaim openly Allah's message that you have been
commanded and turn away from the idolators" (Al-Hijr; 15:94) and "Warn your tribe (O
Muhammad!) of near kindred." (Ash-Shuara; 26:214). The Prophet (PBUH) proclaimed
openly and boldly the arrival of the monotheistic Islam among the pagans of Makkah. He
never looked back after loudly and fearlessly warning the people of Makkah and
particularly his nearest relations to fear Allah and refrain from idol worship and other
sinful acts. He exhorted the pagans of Makkah to follow the path of righteousness and
justice as ordained in the Qur`an. There is unique harmony of thought and action and of
precepts and practices in all his sermons.
These selected Sermons relate to some of the critical moments in the history of Islam.
The expedition to Tobuk against the Romans was one such moment. Even at such a
critical and tense moment in the history of Islam the Prophet stressed the need for the
honesty and integrity of Muslims, their firm adherence to the path of piety and
righteousness and exhorted his companions to overlook the faults of others and be patient
and forgiving under most adverse circumstances: "He who pardons others will be
forgiven by Allah. He who represses anger Allah rewards him. He who faces misfortunes
with perseverance, Allah compensates him."
The magnanimity of the Prophet (SAWS) and that of Islam was displayed in full measure
at the time of the victory of Makkah in the 8th
Hijra. On this historic occasion he declared
the equality of human beings and abolished once and for all, all those pre-Islamic
practices which perpetuated inequality between man and man such as pride in lineage.
His final act of grace was to grant general amnesty to all the people of Makkah who
before his migration to Madina had subjected him to acute harassment and torture. In his
supreme moment of triumph when he was militarily and politically all powerful the
Prophet (SAWS) declared: "This day there shall be no reproach on you. Go your way, for
you are freed ones." There was no feeling of bad blood, no vengeance and no desire for
revenge. The Prophet's announcement of general amnesty revealed the true face of Islam
with all its dignity, grace, generosity and munificence.
In one of his sermons devoted exclusively to the uniqueness and significance of the
Qur'an he emphatically stated that "the best discourse is the Book of Allah: because it
enlightens the heart. He exhorted the Muslims to never feel tired and bored of reciting the
Qur'an and asserted that "there can be no better book for the guidance of mankind than
the Qur'an. It is this miraculous Book of Allah, which instills in your heart His fear,
guides you to the path of piety and righteousness and helps you to distinguish between
things prohibited and made lawful by Allah (Sermon: 18). He forcefully reiterated the
importance of the Qur'an by claiming in his last Sermon (40): "Verily I have left amongst
you that which will never let you go astray i.e. the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His
Prophet, provided you hold them fast and carry out their injunctions."
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The forceful emotive impact of his sermons was fully revealed when he was able to
overcome the simmering discontent among his Ansar Sahabas who resented his liberal
distribution of spoils of war after the victory of Makkah, among the Muslims of Makkah.
He moved the Ansars to tears when he rhetorically asked: "Are you not satisfied, O
people of Ansar that the people of Makkah may carry ewes and camels with them while
you return to Madinah with the Messenger of Allah." The Ansars were so deeply touched
that they instantly responded with one voice that they were satisfied with his scheme of
distribution of the spoils of war.
The last Sermon of the Prophet on the occasion of the Hajj pilgrimage in the 10th Hijra
on 9th Zil Hajj is not only distinguished for its eloquence but also represents a most
authentic and authoritative capsule on Deen-e-Islam, its faith, rituals and practices and its
values. It proclaims and reiterates unequivocally the equality of mankind: "There is no
superiority for an Arab over non Arab and for a non-Arab over an Arab, nor for white
over the black nor for the black over the white except in piety" thereby reasserting the
supremacy of pious deeds as ordained in the Qur'an "verily in the sight of Allah, the most
honoured amongst you is the one who is the most pious among you." He commanded that
the women be treated kindly "for verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and
have made them lawful for you by the words of Allah." He further asked the Muslims to
take good care of your slaves "you should feed them with the same food which you eat
yourselves and clothe them with the cloth you wear yourselves" (Sermon 40).
These sermons marked for nobility of thought and stirring eloquence constitute along
with the Traditions of the Prophet (SAWS) the most inspiring guidance to mankind to the
straight path of Islam and righteousness after the Book of Allah - Al-Qur'an.
Editors of Monograph: Dr. Abdul Majeed, a distinguished scholar of Arabic language,
was Professor and Head, Department of Arabic, Osmania University. He has also
received the President of India award for his contribution to the promotion of Arabic
language.
Dr. Mustafa Shareef is a Senior Reader in Arabic in the Osmania University. He is an
expert in linguistic.
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MONOGRAPH No. 15
COMPILATION OF AHADITH (TRADITIONS) OF THE PROPHET (SAWS)
This monograph Compilation of Ahadith (Traditions) of the Prophet (SAWS) is divided
into two parts. Part I gives graphic account of the unique effort which has gone into
compilation of the authentic sayings of the Prophet of Islam (SAWS) for posterity, and
Part II contains a wonderful selection of Ahadith arranged subject-wise for ease of
reference.
The Monograph brings out the importance and significance of Ahadith for proper
understanding and practising of Islam in simple and straightforward manner. It leaves no
doubt in the mind of the reader about their indispensability. Keeping in mind the fact that,
unlike the Holy Qur‘an, the Prophet (SAWS), for that matter even the Sahabah
(Companions), neither ordered nor supervised the recording of Ahadith during their
periods, the time-laps and absence of official patronage, the accomplish-ment of such
systematic and scientific compilation for posterity is a living tribute to the piety, honesty
and the unique sense of duty of the scholars of Hadith. But for their dedicated and
selfless effort the literature of Islam would have remained incomplete.
The editors of this Monograph have done a wonderful job of presenting the complex
subject of the process and the history of compilation of Ahadith concisely in simple
language that will – Insha’ Allah – enrich the knowledge of Islam of the reader.
Col. A.F.M. Muqsith, a retired Army Colonel and a keen scho;ar of Islamic Studies and
Dr. Aqeel Hashmi, retired Associate Professor of Urdu and former Head, Department of
Urdu, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
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MONOGRAPH No. 16
ISLAM - THE RELIGION OF PEACE, COMPASSION AND JUSTICE
There are serious misgivings and misconceptions about the fundamentals of Islam,
particularly in the West. Islam is mis-construed as a fanatical religion, intolerant of other
religious and political thoughts and therefore encourages terrorism. This is a fallacious
assumption contrary to realities. The main object of this monograph is to dispel this
misconception and present an objective assessment of the Islamic values which promote
peace and do not precipitate any "Clash of Civilization."
Some of the distinguished scholars in the West are working overtime to put forward
sophisticated theories about the intolerant nature and bloody character of Islam. They are
quoting out of context verses of the holy Qur'an and the traditions of the Holy Prophet
(SAWS) to buttress their theories. Historical facts are being misinterpreted to prove the
point. Indeed the history itself is being rewritten. At the bottom of this is the underlying
fear of the inherent dynamism of Islam and its increasing appeal as a rational religion
firmly adhering to the principles of peace, compassion and justice.
Islam is being criticised as inherently antidemocratic and deterministic in nature. Above
all Islamic countries are being accused of aggressive designs and hence are marked for
their bloody borders. This book argues cogently and coherently against the fallacious
arguments and malicious propaganda of some of the Western scholars and of the media in
the West. It demonstrates with irrefutable facts and figures that Islam firmly stands for
consensus and democracy. It is against determinism and gives full liberty to individuals
to act according to their conscience. It subscribes firmly to the principles of peace,
tolerance, compassion and justice. This was amply demonstrated by Prophet Muhammad
(SAWS) on the conquest of Makkah.
In conclusion this monograph declares unequivocally that the Qur'an is totally opposed to
the culture of bullets and bombs. We should, therefore explore more the possibilities of
the confluence of cultures and convergence of value systems rather than clash of
civilization.
Author:Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 17
SELECTED QUR'ANIC VERSES CLASSIFIED BY SCIENTIFIC THEMES
This monograph highlights the scientific significance of approximately 250 definitive
Qur'anic verses. These verses cover varied scientific fields such as Astronomical
Sciences, Earth Sciences (including the earth, mountains, water bodies, weather
phenomena etc.), Biological Sciences, Medical Sciences and Natural Resources. These
selected Qur'anic verses are only illustrative of the scientific aspects revealed in the Holy
Qur'an. One study has estimated that one eighth of the Qur'anic verses relate to scientific
aspects.
The references to scientific aspects are subtle yet very distinct and do not leave the
readers in any doubt about their scientific significance. Many scientific findings of epoch
making significance were anticipated in the Holy Qur'an more than 1300 years before
their actual discovery. As for instance the Qur'an revealed the concept of the expanding
Universe in the early seventh century which the astronomers and astrophysicists have
only recently discovered. Again the scientists could discover only in the early 20th
century that every living being has been created out of water, the Qur'an revealed it 1400
years ago. Further the Qur'an reveals and the scientists concur that animate and inanimate
objects are created in pairs. The Holy Qur'an also revealed the stabilising role of
Mountains on the earth which the geologists could discover only in the early 20th
century. Similarly the Holy Qur'an describes with stunning accuracy the human
embryology. These revelations on the one hand anticipated the modern scientific
concepts in human embryology, and on the other hand rectified the errors in the
Aristotelian theory of preformation of human embryo. It can be stated without any fear of
contradiction that the scientific aspects covered and revealed in the Holy Qur'an are
found amazingly correct by the scientific data available in the respective fields. Is it not
miraculous and does it not testify eloquently to the divine origin of the Holy Qur'an? Or
else, how an unlettered prophet could have spoken with unerring accuracy about the
modern scientific theories and concepts in the early seventh century?
In order to enable the Urdu knowing scholars to comprehend adequately the scientific
significance of the selected Qur'anic verses, Urdu translation has also been added in this
monograph together with the English translation of the Qur'anic text.
The text of this monograph is preceded by a brief introduction which illustrates concisely
and cogently the scientific interpretation of some of the verses of the Qur'an. Further it is
multilingual in character. Besides English it caters to the needs of scholars in Arabic and
Urdu as well. This we hope will facilitate the intelligentia in the Arab World and scholars
in Urdu to comprehend fully the scientific significance of the verses of the Qur'an.
The monograph is compiled and edited by Committee of Scientists and Experts in Islamic
Studies of Osmania University at the request of MEDNET.
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MONOGRAPH No. 18
QUR'ANIC ENCOURAGEMENT TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND
ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE
A calculated disinformation is being spread against Islam that it discourages scientific
research and acquisition of knowledge. This false assertion completely ignores the
significant contribution made by Muslim scholars in developing to a high level of
excellence such important branches of knowledge as Mathe-matics, Medicine,
Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Engineering etc. For nearly 900 years from
8th to the 17th centuries Muslim scholars of the eminence of Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al
Razi, Al Masudi, Al Beruni and others enlightened the world with advanced scientific
knowledge when Europe was reeling under the Dark Ages. In fact the Muslim scientists
inspired by Qur'anic values laid the foundation for the scientific and technological
revolution in West Europe. Their thirst for knowledge was so intense that they travelled
in all directions in search of knowledge and took pleasure in sharing and disseminating it.
During the Muslim rule the portals of learning in Spain were open to scholars of all faith.
The European scholars, particularly the Catholics, benefited most. No bias of faith was
displayed by Muslim scholars in exchanging knowledge.
This monograph highlights the path breaking contributions made by Muslim scholars in
promoting scientific research and advancing the frontiers of knowledge. To spread the
impression that Islam is obsessed only with theosophical and spiritual aspects of human
life is travesty of truth. The Qur'an encourages human beings to look for the bounties of
Allah (SWT) on earth, in oceans and in space and use them for their comfort and
convenience. The Qur'an also declares that these bounties have been made subject to
human control.
It is hoped that the reader will find this monograph an interesting and revealing reading
dispelling many a wrong notions about the teachings of Islam in relation to modern
scientific education.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 19
MODERN TECHNOLOGY, RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND QUR'ANIC
APPROACH
This monograph highlights the point that after the Second World War the two super
powers USA and the erstwhile USSR misused science and technology to create
instruments of terror to aggravate global insecurity and annihilate human civilization.
Nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles and Star War Programmes were preferred to bread,
butter and social development. Thus the social purpose of science i.e. to ensure stable and
sustainable development of resources for the comfort and convenience of man was
completely lost. It is therefore crucially important that scientists ought to radically
reorient their research priorities in order to focus on eliminating disease, hunger and
poverty and ensuring stability, prosperity and sustainability of human civilization.
The indiscriminate, and wasteful use of resources and hazardous disposal of wastes have
acutely polluted the environment and disturbed the ecological balance globally. Nuclear
radiation and pollution do not respect international frontier. They travel through shared
water bodies and move freely with air currents as happened with the Chernobyl nuclear
radiation (1986) and Indonesian Forest Fire (1997). Both the developed and developing
countries have to work in perfect harmony, and in a spirit of mutual help and cooperation
in order to avert the impending ecological catastrophe.
The Qur'anic value system differs sharply with the exploitative and harmful approach,
prevalent currently. The Qur'an proclaims man to be the inheritor of the earth and of its
resources. These natural resources, both concealed and exposed, have been placed under
the control of man. He has been advised to look for their multiple benefits and search for
their full potentials in order to derive maximum benefit for the comfort, convenience and
fulfilment of human life. The Qur'an, sternly warns against wasteful utilization of
resources. Since man, through excessive use, tends to exhaust the natural resources, Allah
(SWT) has withheld from him the full knowledge of the available resources which,
according to Qur'an, are inexhaustible. Allah (SWT) makes them available to human
beings progressively, in phases and stages, in order to ensure the sustainability of human
civilization till the Doomsday.
The monograph is compiled by Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam and ably assisted by Late Dr.
Mohammad Ahmad.
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MONOGRAPH No. 20
ASTRONOMICAL SCIENCES AND QUR'ANIC REVELATIONS
An interesting feature of this monograph is that the scientific aspects of astronomical
findings have been adequately explained. It is in this background that the Qur'anic
revelations have been discussed. It is fascinating to observe that there is perfect accord
between Qur'anic revelations and astronomical discoveries.
The Qur'anic revelations on the origin of the universe, and other astronomical phenomena
are most inspiring and are in conformity with scientific findings. The Qur'an speaks of
the origin of the universe through a gaseous nucleus. It confirms the scientific concept of
the expanding universe and its eventual termination through the process of implosion--
the Big Crunch. The Qur'anic verses, revealed the orbital movement of the sun more than
1400 years ago whereas the Dutch Astronomer Jan Oort discovered it only in the early
20th century. The Qur'an has clearly predicted the existence of earth like planets outside
the solar system in the last verse of Surah At-Talaq (65:12). The astrophysicists and
astronomers have just commenced discovering this fact.
It is hoped, this monograph on Astronomical Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations will
inspire other scholars to probe still deeper into the cosmological revelations in the Holy
Qur'an.
In monograph No.17 of MEDNET: Selected Qur'anic Verses Classified by Scientific
Themes, all the definitive Qur'anic verses which deal with varied scientific aspects such
as Astronomical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Medical, Biological Sciences and Natural
Resources have already been published. However for the benefit of the readers of this
monograph an appendix has been added which highlights the Qur'anic verses relating to
Astronomical Sciences only.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 21
EARTH SCIENCES AND QUR'ANIC REVELATIONS
The monograph on Earth Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations critically examines the
Qur'anic revelations relating to the various aspects of earth sciences, such as the character
of the earth, wind system, wind cloud relationship, mountain building, fresh and saline
water etc., in the background of scientific findings about their properties, process of
formation and character. It is indeed remarkable that revelations in the Qur'an relating to
various features and characteristics of the earth, the Ocean and the atmosphere are in
perfect harmony with the findings of the scientists in the respective fields. The Qur'an
anticipates the principle of isostacy when it describes the stabilising role of mountains on
the surface of the earth. The role of winds in carrying rain laden clouds is described with
admirable accuracy. The formation of rivers and springs and the separation of fresh and
saline water are stated with scientific preciseness which is indeed amazing.
This monograph presents only a broad spectrum of Qur'anic revelations pertaining to
various features of the earth sciences. There is need for the specialists such as the
Hydrologists, the Geologists, the Geophysicists, the Climatologists and the
Oceanographers to study in greater depth the Qur'anic revelations relating to their
respective areas to gain a better appreciation of the significance of the Qur'anic
revelations. We do hope, this monograph will be instrumental in stimulating such studies.
In monograph No.17 of MEDNET: Selected Qur'anic Verses Classified by Scientific
Themes, all the definitive Qur'anic verses which deal with varied scientific aspects such
as Astronomical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Medical, Biological Sciences and Natural
Resources have already been published. However for the benefit of the readers of this
monograph an appendix has been added which highlights the Qur'anic verses relating to
Earth Sciences only.
Author:Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 22
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND QUR'ANIC REVELATIONS
The monograph on Biological Sciences and Qur'anic Revelations deals essentially with
the creation of man as revealed in the Qur'an, in the background of the Theory of Human
Evolution as developed by Darwin, Mendel, Aldous Huxley and others. The monograph
explains the basic assumptions of the Theory of Human Evolution. It points out that this
theory is based on fragmentary evidence. Its assumptions on fundamental similarities in
support of the theory are also weak as they completely ignore the dissimilarities which
are equally important to understand the differential development between man and
primates. The Theory further fails to explain why phyletic evolution has ceased among
human beings for the last 40,000 years. Its concept of Natural Selection is too
mechanistic to be accepted as valid for human beings. It is argued in this monograph that
the Theory of Human Evolution cannot be scientifically sustained.
The Qur'an and Science agree that all living beings are created from water. The Qur'an
however points out that man has been created out of a highly refined "quint essence" of
clay which consequently explains the differential growth characteristics of man from
other living beings. The Qur'an does not support the evolution of man from apes. Man
was created as man and the entire mankind has multiplied from a single pair of Man
(Adam) - Woman (Eve). The Qur'an however does not reject the concept of evolution per
se. Intra species evolution is within the realm of possibility. Further it clearly suggests
that human beings evolve through stages of development, passing through the cycle of
life from weakness - strength - weakness.
In conclusion the monograph suggests to the anthropologists and biologists to give a
fresh look to the Theory of Human Evolution which till now has failed to build up a
coherent, logical, and systematic story of man evolving from primates. In
contradistinction, the Qur'anic revelations regarding the creation of man are clear, candid
and unambiguous.
In monograph No.17 of MEDNET: Selected Qur'anic Verses Classified by Scientific
Themes, all the definitive Qur'anic verses which deal with varied scientific aspects such
as Astronomical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Medical, Biological Sciences and Natural
Resources have already been published. However for the benefit of the readers of this
monograph an appendix has been added which highlights the Qur'anic verses relating to
Biological Sciences only.
Author:Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 23
MEDICAL SCIENCES AND QUR'ANIC REVELATIONS
This book discusses in some detail the Qur'anic revelations pertaining to Human
Embryology in the light of the findings of the Medical Sciences. It also discusses the
creation of objects in pairs and creation of energy (fire) in green plants. The Qur'anic
revelations in these areas are astonishingly accurate.
While science discovered in the mid 19th
century that the process of fertilization was the
outcome of the combination of male sperms and female ova, the Qur'an had revealed it in
the early 7th
century. Similarly the somite formation has been very precisely described in
the Qur'an by calling it Modgha which gives ―the embryo the look of masticated lump
with the indentations of the teeth.‖ D. Keith L Moore an internationally renowned
Embryologist, confirms the accuracy of Qur'anic descriptions: ―I was astonished by the
accuracy of the statements that were recorded in the 7th
century A.D., before the science
of embryology was established.‖
In certain areas of physical and chemical sciences too the Qur'an makes amazing correct
statements. It declared that all animate and inanimate objects are created in pairs. This
has been scientifically established by Dirac‘s theory of electron which states that every
matter has an anti matter. Similarly there is a clear reference in the Qur'an to the green
plants generating energy (fire) through the process of photosynthesis which uses up water
and carbon-di-oxide to produce Oxygen.
It is hoped that the exposition of these scientific truths in the Qur'an with stunning
preciseness should inspire scholars, Muslims and Non-Muslims, to study Qur'an with
devotion and dedication in order to unravel the scientific secrets still concealed in the
Qur'anic verses. We shall consider it a great success if this Monograph becomes a source
for such inspiration.
Author: Prof. Shah Manzoor Alam
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MONOGRAPH No. 24
RIBA, MODERN AND ISLAMIC BANKING: A CRITIQUE
The Concept of Riba (Interest) in Al-Qur‘an: Its Application in Modern Banking. Two
distinct schools of thought have emerged regarding the interpretation of Qur‘anic verses
pertaining to Riba (usury/interest). The traditional classical Muslim scholars assert that
Riba in any form including interest paid or charged by conventional banks is prohibited
according to Qur‘anic injunctions and Traditions of the Prophet (SAWS). An eloquent and
a most explicit Exposition of the views of this school of thought is found in the Shari’ah
Bench Judgment of the Federal Court of Pakistan (December, 1999).
The other school of thought is led by group of modern Muslim scholars who argue that
the Qur‘anic verses on Riba were revealed to prevent the exploitation of the poor and the
needy by the rich members of the tribal society, which was prevalent in pre-Islamic
Arabia (Jahiliyyah Period). This cardinal fact (Shani-Nazul—rationale for revelation)
cannot be overlooked in any interpretation of the verses of the Qur‘an on Riba. Moreover,
such transactions during that period were between two individuals where the lender
charged exorbitant interest (Usury) if the borrower defaulted on repaying the loan.
These Muslim scholars argue that the socio-economic has radically changed since the
revelations of the verses on in the early seventh century. Banking institutions have been
established, replacing the individuals, to fulfill the credit needs of the customers. The
interest charged by banks is moderate. Banks invest the deposits they receive in
industrial, agricultural, commercial and other developmental activities. Thus they offer
their customers, including middle and lower income groups financial stability. Hence
they insist on the need for Ijtihad, which is permissible in Islam, because all the activities
of conventional banks cannot be summarily condemned as Riba.
The Monograph also highlights the functioning and progress of Islamic banks. They
operate in a limited area. Their products are very few. In order to be competitive and to
meet the challenge of conventional banks, Islamic banks will have to diversify their
products to attract larger number of customers. Some of the leading international
conventional banks have already opened Islamic windows to attract Muslim customers,
who on religious grounds do not keep their money in conventional banks. This, indeed, is
a great challenge to Islamic banks.
It has been proposed in this Monograph that the products of the conventional banks ought
to be carefully scrutinized. Islamic banks should adopt and internalize those products,
which do not violate the principles of Riba and which contribute to progress and welfare
of human beings and are in harmony with the progressive spirit of Islam. It was to
prevent the exploitative Riba system prevalent during the Jahiliyyah period that the
Qur‘anic verses were revealed.
This principle remains valid even to date i.e. to prevent the enrichment of the rich and
exploitation of the poor, its applicability needs Ijtihad. It has to be significantly modified
because of the new instruments being available to achieve the objectives specified in the
Qur‘an and Sunnah of the Prophet (SAWS).
Editors: Dr. Mohd Zahir is an economist and scholar in Islamic Studies. He retired
as Associate Professor in Economics, Zakir Husain College, Delhi University;
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Mr. Abu Nazim, retired Chief Documentation Officer, Town and Country Planning
Dept., Govt. of India; and Dr. Nafis Ahmad Siddiqui, retired Principal Dayal Singh
College, Delhi University
MONOGRAPH No. 25
STATUS AND RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND INHERITANCE ISLAM
This Monograph deals comprehensively with the status and Rights of Women and
Inheritance in Islam in the light of Qur'anic injunctions and Traditions of the Prophet
(SAWS). It also discusses the significant reforms which have been enacted lately in a
number of Muslim countries regarding marriage and divorce in order to protect the status
and rights of women in accordance with the letter and spirit of the Qur'anic injunctions.
Some major reforms in the law of inheritance have also been briefly highlighted.
The Monograph empasises the fact that Islam emancipated women from pre-Islamic
slavery and tyranny and raised them to the status of a respectable member of the family
and of the society as a whole and equal in every respect except biologically. Islamic
society, as evolved during the life of the Prophet (SAWS) granted full freedom to women
to express their views on any matter freely and openly. Surah Mujadalah (Chapter 58) in
the Qur'an eloquently and abundantly testifies to this freedom of speech to women. Islam
systematically demolished all such pre-Islamic customs, which degraded the status of
women and humiliated them. The Zihar and Ila systems of pre-Islamic divorce which
were most repugnant, arbitrary, unfair and depended only on the whims and fancies of
men were abolished together with the inheritance of widow/widows of the deceased and
his property by his brother or step-son. Women in Islam were given the right to own and
dispose of their property long before any other religion or society had conceded these
rights to them. They were granted rights on par with men to offer protection to any
person they chose and this would be honoured. The institution of marriage in Islam and
procedure for divorce together with reforms introduced with the passage of time in order
to protect the rights of women have been dealt with at great length in this Monograph.
Before the advent of Islam marriages and divorces in pre-Islamic Arabia were arbitrary,
chaotic and fully controlled by men. They could keep as many wives as they liked and
could divorce them at will with no provision for their maintenance. Islam systemtised,
regulated and institutionalised the custom of marriage. Women were granted the right to
reject the marriage proposals fixed by their parents. The pre-Islamic custom of paying the
dower amount to the father of the bride was stopped. Instead it was made payable directly
to the bride to utilise it as she liked without the interference of her parents and husbands.
The maximum number of marriages a man could contract was restricted to four. This was
however under exceptional circumstance and subject to the condition that all the four
wives will be looked after with absolute equality in every respect. In fact the Qur'an
favoured and encouraged monogamy. The Monograph highlights an interesting fact that
in a survey of polygamy in different communities in India the Muslims are the least
polygamous. Marriage in Islam, though contractual, is a sacred and honoured covenant
which can be terminated only under most compelling circumstances and only after all
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efforts at reconciliation have failed. Divorce though permitted in Islam is most disliked
by Allah (SWT) according to an authentic Tradition of the Prophet (SAWS). The Muslim
jurists through their rigid interpretation have blocked many progressive measures which
are permissible according to Qur'anic injunctions and traditions such as the right of
women to seek divorce from her husband on valid grounds, without his consent. This is
being gradually remedied in many Muslim countries by introducing significant reforms to
conform with the injunctions of the Qur'an and Traditions of the Prophet (SAWS).
The Monograph further stresses the point that significant reforms have been introduced in
a number of Muslim countries such as Turkey, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Pakistan etc. In
their marriage and divorce laws in order to bring them in conformity with the Qur'anic
injunctions and traditions of the Prophet (SAWS) which protect the rights of women and
prevent their exploitation. These newly introduced reforms have abolished the
abominable practice of pronouncing three divorces in one sitting. Every divorce has to be
registered and approved by a court of law before it is made operative. Further those who
resort to such arbitrary divorces are even penalised and legally forced to pay maintenance
allowance to their divorced wives from 1 to 3 years. All the marriages have to be
registered. In the marriage contract the woman can lay down certain specific conditions.
As for instance, if the husband contracts a second marriage she could seek immediate
divorce. In Egypt, Libya and Algeria women can for some valid reason, seek divorce
without the consent of their husbands. A unique feature of this monograph is that besides
the Sunni Muslims it discusses the marriage and divorce laws among the Shia Muslims as
well.
The system of inheritance, as ordained in the Qur'an, has largely remained unaltered yet
in certain areas where the Qur'an and the Traditions of the Prophet have remained silent
certain important reforms have been introduced to protect the rights of the grandchildren
and of the brothers. It has now been legislated in almost all the Muslim countries that the
grand children will be entitled to the same share as their father if he had been alive. In
Egypt the same result has been achieved by enacting "Oldigatory Bequest".
Finally the author has provided a draft text of a model Nikah Nama (Marriage Contract)
for general discussion and debate and adoption with modifications if necessary.
It is hoped that this monograph on a most crucial aspect of Islamic Law will excite the
interest of both the scholars and the authorities in the Muslim world.
Author:Dr. Mrs. Zeenat Shaukat Ali is a distinguished scholar in Islamic studies and an
established authority on Muslim Personal Law. She is Professor of Islamic Studies at St
Xavier's College, Mumbai, India. She has participated in numerous national and
International seminars and has lectured extensively in India and abroad on the rights,
status and empowerment of women in Islam. Her books: Marriage and Divorce in Islam
(1986); and Empowerment of Women in Islam (1997) have been very well reviewed in
professional journals and have been widely acclaimed as authentic works in this field.
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MONOGRAPH 26:
CONCEPT OF JIHAD IN ISLAM
ABOUT THE BOOK
This monograph is presented in two parts. In Part I, the learned authors have
explained the real concept and practice of Jihad in Islam quoting profusely from the Holy
Qur‘an and the Traditions of the Prophet (SAWS). The concept remains unchanged no
matter how much it is distorted thanks to the preserved scripture of Islam - Al-Qur‘an. In
Part II, views expressed by others, including some of the important non-Muslim scholars,
are given.
Perhaps no other work on Jihad has dealt the most news-making subject, which is
agitating the minds of all peace loving people in the world, so comprehensively covering
all possible dimensions. It brings out very clearly the crucial differences in use of
violence as an inescapable means of protecting peace and maintaining security of
common people and for pursuit of worldly aims disturbing peace and violating security.
Islam approves the first one and condemns strongly the later.
Views of eminent non-Muslim scholars are quite revealing as they too support the
basic premise that there is nothing wrong with the Islamic concept of Jihad, as it is
justified in many major religious ideologies. Islam goes a step further by differentiating
between personal Jihad and the armed action which is a state responsibility for protection
and not disturbing peace. Personal Jihad is a common phenomenon as life without
struggle is unimaginable.
Editors: Dr. Mohd. Zahir and Mr. Abu Nazim
MONOGRAPH No. 27
KHULFA-AL-RASHIDIN: THE FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS
This Monograph provides a realistic account of the achievements of Khulafa al-Rashidin.
As Caliphs of an Islamic state they established a system of administration, which was
genuinely based on Qur‘anic injunctions and Traditions of the Prophet (SAWS). Thus
piety, justice with equality, compassion, honesty, integrity, truth and human welfare
constituted the key components of their administration. They adhered to these principles
firmly and consistently and never deviated or compromised on basics even under most
trying circumstances. They thus established a truly welfare state, the first of its kind, in
the annals of political history of the world. The Monograph offers a perceptive account
of the social, political and military challenges faced by each of the Four Caliphs and the
strategy they adopted to tackle them.
Abu Bakr (RA) exterminated apostasy, and crushed insurgency against the payment of
Zakaat by some Arab tribes with resoluteness and determination. Umar (RA) inherited a
stable state from his predecessor but faced the acute problem of external threats from the
dominant imperial powers of Persia and Byzantine. He completely eliminated their
threats, expanded the frontiers of the Islamic domain, which emerged militarily the most
powerful state in the region. This led to political stability and economic prosperity, and
enabled Umar (RA) to establish a genuinely welfare Islamic state, ensuring the well being
of all the people of the state. His administration was transparent, compassionate with
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firmness, just and without discrimination and free from corruption.
Uthman (RA) also inherited a stable, peaceful and economically prosperous state. This
enabled him to further expand the territorial domain of Islam but territorial expansion
created problems, which Khalifa Uthman (RA) could not anticipate. The latter part of his
Caliphate was thus marked for laxity of administrative control, emergence of rebellious
tendencies instigated by a crafty Jew, Ibn Sauda, who fanned factional rivalries among
the Arab clans which eventually led to the tragic assassination of Uthman (RA). It set up a
deplorable precedent that a legitimately elected Caliph could be removed from office by
violent means.
The assassination of Uthman (RA) had adverse repercussion on the Caliphate of Ali (RA),
which eventually led to a vertical split of the Caliphate between Ali (RA) and Muavia.
Consequently an acute struggle ensued between Ali (RA) and Muavia, in which the
former fought to maintain the supremacy of principles evolved over a period of time on
the election of Caliphs by the Muhajirin and Ansar electors of Madinah. Muavia on the
other hand was craftily trying to establish a dynastic system of Caliphate. It was only
after the martyrdom of Ali (RA) that Muavia could succeed in his machinations. The rise
of the fanatic and extremist kharaji movement in the Kufa region complicated matters for
Ali (RA), and considerably or: harmed his efforts to unite the Islamic domain and restore
peace, tranquility and stability.
Author:Prof, Shah Manzoor Alam
MONOGRAPH No. 28
DISTINGUISHED COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET (SAWS)
Life and deeds of the great personalities of the early period of Islam, who rose from the
suffering souls to shape an exemplary society and an unparalleled style of governance
leading to understanding the true spirit of Islam. For Muslims they are the role models
and for others an eye-opener, as the Orientalists have presented them in partisan fashion
albeit in sophisticated way in guise of scholarly work. This is not to run down the
genuine research work done by Europeans to bring forth the factual details and teaching
of Islam. In fact, the literature available in the libraries of EU countries, especially
Germany, is invaluable for which the Muslim Ummah should be indebted. But the
material needs to sifted and sorted to differentiate true from false. Unfortunately, there is
paucity of authentic literature in simple English that is not riddled with un-necessary
details.
This monograph is one of the set of two monographs presenting brief biographies
covering the famous ‗Ashrah al-Mubashshirah (The Blessed Ten). Monograph 30 covers
the first four Rightly Guided Caliphs (Khulafa-e Rashideen). The companions, whose
biographies are included in this monograph, are the remaining six, who have the
distinction of being among them.
Only relevant facts have been taken form the material drawn from various sources
including the Glorious Quran and authentic Ahadith (Traditions) of the Prophet (SAWS)
with a view to making the monograph concise and pocket friendly. The aim is to spread
true knowledge in easy to understand language.
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Compiled by Col. A.F,M. Muqsith, a retired army Col. And a keen scholar of Islamic
Studies and Dr. Aqeel Hashmi, former Head Depatment of Urdu and retired Associate
Professor of Urdu, Osmania University,Hyderabad, India.
MONOGRAPH No. 29
Challenges to Islam, Educational Reforms and Ijtihad in Islam
The Challenges to Islam by the West are so serious that they cannot be countered without
improvement in the quality of education through radical educational reforms in the
Muslim countries. The application of the process of Ijtihad is also crucially important to
maintain the progressive character of Islam in the contemporary period.
The Western media and intellectuals proclaim loudly and repeatedly that the Muslims are
backward because they follow a book which was revealed to guide the tribal Arabs in the
7th century A.D. They refuse to accept the universal relevance of the Message of the
Qur‘an and state categorically that it cannot be used to guide in technology dominated
21st. Century. TheBook argues cogently and convincingly that Muslims are backward
because they have deviated from the fundamental principles of Islam and forcefully
stresses the universal relevance of the Message of Islam.
Most of the scholars agree that the Madrasa System of education produces conservative,
orthodox and dogmatic students who resist change but do not resort to violence. The