Three Worlds Meet

Chapter 1

Do Now:Main Idea: In ancient times, migrating peoples settled the Americas, where their descendants developed complex societies.

Question: What does nomadic mean? Where do you think people came from when they migrated to North America?

The First Americans● 22,000 years ago hunters cross

from Asia to Alaska over Beringia

● Hunting and Gathering○ Inhabitants hunt large

animals until climate warms○ Small game - fish, berries,

grains

Ice Age - Bering Land Bridge

Agriculture changes Nomadic ways

• Agriculture made it possible to remain in one place and store surplus• Some remain nomadic--moving in search of food and water

CloserRESPONSE TO BERING STRAIT ARTICLE

http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/08/time-to-scrap-the-idea-that-humans-arrived-in-the-americas-by-land-bridge/

Question: What does this article tell you about history in our textbooks? What does it make you question in general?

Do Now

Main Idea: The varied landscapes of North America encouraged the diversity of Native American cultures.

Question: Why did settlers choose certain locations to build permanent settlements?

Native American

Map

Do Now:

Main Idea: West Africa in the 1400s was home to a variety of peoples and cultures.

Question: What factors helped the trade system flourish in West Africa?

The Sahara Highway

● Trading network connects West Africa to North Africa, Europe, Asia

● Traders bring Islam; by 1200s ○ court religion of Mali,

later Songhai

Other climates...THE SAVANNA THE RAIN FOREST

The Portuguese Arrive• By 1470s, Portuguese have coastal outpost near Akan goldfields• Direct trade creates closer relations with Europe• Portuguese begin European trade in West African slaves• First slaves work on plantation—large farm with single crop

Cause and Effect

CAUSE

Early contact between West African and Portuguese traders.

Effects on West Africa

1.

Effects on the Americas

1.

West African Societies

Identify the most important characteristics for the following categories

1. Family and Government2. Religion3. Work4. Slave Labor

Note something significant...1. Savanna2. Islam3. Plantation4. Songhai5. Benin6. Kongo7. Lineage

Mansa Musa and Islam in Africahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnU0v6hcUo

Do Now

Main Idea: Political, Economic, and intellectual developments in western Europe in the 1400s led to the Age of Exploration.

Questions:

1) What are the long-term effects of the Crusades?2) What are the long-term effects of the Reformation?

Do Now 1.5

Main Idea: Columbus’s voyages set off a chain of events that brought together the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Question: Why did European explorers believe they could simply claim lands for their home countries, even though these lands were already populated?

January 1492...● Christopher Columbus asked Spain to fund a trip to find a path to Asia. ● On August 3rd, 1492, Columbus set sail. ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LP5jBrSYg

“I was to go by way of the west, whence until today we do not know with certainty that anyone has gone…”

“Tierra! Tierra!”● October 12th, 1492: went ashore and met the Taino - “Noble Ones”

○ Friendly and no weapons

○ Renamed the island San Salvador

● Goal: find gold

● Columbus calls them los indios

Impact on Native AmericansColonization - Taino did not expect these outcomes.

1. Plantation system

2. Forced labor

3. Used weapons

4. Natives resisted

5. Diseases: Europeans settlers brought measles, mumps, chicken pox,

smallpox, and typhus

Slave Trade● As more natives died from disease demand for African slaves increased

● The Atlantic slave trade would devastate Africa, losing 12 million

people by the 1800s.

Impact on Europeans● Wanted to improve wealth and influence● largest voluntary migrations in history● Columbian Exchange

○ Items between eastern and western hemisphere.

Treaty of Tordesillas

○ 1494, Spain and Portugal divided the Western Hemisphere○ West were Spanish, East were Portuguese

Christopher Columbushttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF_unlvjccA

Columbus’s VoyageThere are many different points of view regarding Columbus’s exploration and colonization of the Americas. Copy the chart into your notebooks and brainstorm with a partner.

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts