MEGAPROJECT Case Study

Basic Project Information

Case compiled by: Rafaela Alfalla-Luque and Carmen Medina-López

Contact details: alfalla@us.es, cmedina@us.es

Project Title High-Speed Train in Spain: Madrid-Barcelona-French frontier (Figueres)

Location Spain

Purpose To joint two main cities in Spain through high speed train. Safe, punctual and comfortable means of transport. To improve connections with France. The last stage is currently being worked on, the Barcelona-Figueres section, which links with the Figueres-Perpignan section (which has been in service since December 2010). 6

Scope To improve the connection between cities. Integrated with Trans-European Transport Network

(TEN-T)

Total Project Value Total investment of nearly 9 billion euro (Madrid-Barcelona) 6

Project Status(i.e.. initiation, planning,

construction, operation, dismantling) Finish date (Madrid-Barcelona): 02/2008 Expected finish date (Barcelona-Figueres): 2012 (Expected divergence 3 years)

Contractual Framework

(e.g. fixed price, cost-plus etc.) Madrid-Barcelona: 6,611 million Euros (inaugurated on 20 February 2008 Barcelona-Figueres: 4,200 million de euros [22]

Relevant Physical Dimensions (e.g.

height, width, volume, length) Line length: 664 km (Madrid-Barcelona)- 804 Km (M-B-Figueres) Operating speed: The track is designed for speeds of up to 350 km/h in nearly 86% of the route, although Renfe Operadora runs commercial services at 300 km/h. International gauge, compatible signalling system, standard electrification Minimum 7000 m radius bends on the general track Ramps under 2.5% - Maximum 140 mm slope - Junctions suitable for 350 km/h 6

SECTION 1 - BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION

http://turismoytren.com/index.php/nuevo-mapa-de-la-alta-velocidad-en-espana/

MEGAPROJECT Case Study

MEGAPROJECT Case Study ADVANTAGES OF THE LINE [51] This line allows communication between the two most densely populated urban areas of Spain (Madrid and Barcelona) and Zaragoza and other cities such as Guadalajara, Calatayud, Lleida and Tarragona. This infrastructure also extends its benefits to other cities to connect: * In Madrid, the North-Northeast corridor (LAV Valladolid), South corridor (LAV Seville and Malaga) and runner Levante (Valencia LAV). * In Zaragoza with the high-speed and international gauge Zaragoza-Huesca * In Camp de Tarragona and the Mediterranean Corridor. * Also, thanks to the wide exchange facilities of Plasencia de Jalon, the benefits extend to La Rioja and Navarre. Another unique feature of this line is its design for mixed passenger and freight (including the Port of Barcelona and the connection to France), which implies the possibility of establishing new services to or from intermodal centers in France and other European countries. In addition to a significant reduction in travel times, this modern infrastructure provides a number of benefits including: * Citizens have a more integrated rail infrastructure, safe and sustainable * A significant increase in capacity and regularity of rail traffic resulting from the technical specifications and design of the line. * Significant increase comfort by establishing optimal conditions of rolling and drawing * Increased security by incorporating advanced technologies in control systems of rail traffic * Security is enhanced by the fencing on both sides of the track and the absence of level crossings * Removing barriers and improving urban permeability and potential for development of cities ONLINE FEATURES [51] It extends over 804 kilometers from Madrid to Figueres. The layout allows traffic at speeds up to 350 km / h in almost 86% of the course, although it commercially exploits Renfe Operator to 300 km / h. INFRASTRUCTURE [51] The construction parameters applied were very demanding to allow the development of maximum speeds of 350 kilometers per hour in commercial service and ensure the interoperability of the infrastructure according to EU rules: * Tread international signaling system compatible, standard electrification * Curves of minimum radius of 7000 m in the general pathway * Ramps less than 2.5% * Maximum depth 140 mm * Deviations suitable for 350 km / h The line has by-pass in Zaragoza, Lleida and Figueres so that not to penalize travel times of non-stop train in those cities. Furthermore, the Barcelona-Figueres section is designed for passenger traffic and also for the transport of certain types of goods.

MEGAPROJECT Internal Stakeholder Identification (Stakeholders with a direct legally sanctioned relationship with the project)

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

Stakeholder

Category

Case-Study Comments (e.g. maturity,

previous experiences

of stakeholders, skills,

influence on project)

Inte

rnal

Supply-Side Client RENFE OPERATOR is the national rail passenger operator and is a state-owned company controlled by the ministry of public works (Ministerio de Fomento).

Financiers European Union. During the period 2000-2006 co-financing was provided as follows: * By the Cohesion Fund which provided 3.3581 billion euro for the construction of platforms on the Madrid-Barcelona section, as well as the supply and installation of tracks on the Madrid-Vilafranca del Penedés section and power lines, signalling and communications on the Madrid-Lerida section. * By TEN-T (Trans-European Transport Network) Funds which provided funding of 70.9 million euro for studies and projects as well as track-bed works on the Maçanet-Sils section. 41 During the period 2007-2013 there will be co-financing: *By TEN-T funds of 10.6 million euro for the implementation of the ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) on the Barcelona-Figueras section. The European Investment Bank (EIB) collaborates in the funding of this project. 6 The total cost of this line is €10.5 billion, with EU Cohesion Policy contributions amounting to about €3.4 billion.

41 Sponsors

Client’s Customers Final customers: Tourists, professionals, passengers in general. General public (passengers), freight operators

Client’s Owners In January 1, 2005 the RENFE Railway Sector law extinguish RENFE company. This company was divided into two companies: 1) one that operates the trains called Renfe Operator, and 2) one that manages the infrastructure called ADIF (Railway Infrastructure Manager). RENFE Operator is a Public Enterprise under the control of the Ministry of Development of Spain. It is heir to the legacy of RENFE (Spanish National Railways Company), a company created in 1941. 8

Other internal

supply-side

categories ( please

specify)

Category Case-Study

Infrastructure Administrator (ADIF) ADIF is a separate state-owned organisation, is responsible for development of the high-speed lines that are under construction 4 It manages (operation and maintenance) the railway infrastructure. [10, 4]

MEGAPROJECT Internal Stakeholder Identification (Stakeholders with a direct legally sanctioned relationship with the project)

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

Stakeholder

Category

Case-Study Comments (e.g. maturity, previous

experiences of

stakeholders, skills,

influence on project)

Inte

rnal

Demand-

Side

Principal

Contractor

Siemens, Alsthom and CAF signed the agreement for the manufacture of the sixteen ICE-3 trains to be

run through the high speed line (AVE) between Madrid and Barcelona. CAF and Alstom took charge of

about twenty-five percent of the manufacturing machining Siemens train [25]

The trains are Germany's Siemens and the Spanish Talgo, signaling was awarded to Ansaldo Italian and

the Spanish Cobra and assistance technique (4% of the budget, according to Renfe) to virtually all

engineering firms in the country works. [26]

Acciona, OHL and Sacyr have been awarded the works of the entrance to the high speed railway line

(Ave) Madrid-Barcelona in the Catalan capital [29]

Dragados, Comsa y Acsa , the joint venture formed by Rubau, Copisa, FCC Construcción and Ferrovial

Agromán [32] Siemens and Talgo/Bombardier builds the train machine ACS, Ferrovial, FCC, Sacyr

Vallehermoso and OHL (construction firms) build the track [12]

First Tier

Contractors

HKL: The German multinational has been in the works of the AVE to contracting companies leasing

equipment different tonnage. It has also intervened in the emergency works carried out between

Bellvitge and Sants and repair of the tunnels [27]

Currently, Redalsa is going through the lanes and elastic fasteners for the route of the AVE Madrid-

Barcelona. [28]

Second Tier

Consultants

TYPSA information studies and projects as technical assistance and supervision of works [39]

Professional

Services Providers

Other internal

supply-side

categories ( please

specify)

Category Case-Study

Industrial producers of railway equipment [2]

basalt suppliers: Up to five different quarries provided the basalt (Ophites of Happy

St., Stone and Derivatives SA, Quarries The Ponderosa, Quartzite of

Mediterranean and Bob Arno and Sons). [26]

MEGAPROJECT External Stakeholder Identification

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

(Stakeholders with a direct interest in the project but with no legal contract) Stakeholder Category Case-Study Comments

(e.g. maturity,

previous

experiences of

stakeholders, skills,

influence on

project)

External

Public Regulatory Agencies Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Development

Environment Agency from Madrid (Agencia de Medio

Ambiente – AMA- de la Comunidad de Madrid), Agencia

Catalana del Agua

Local Government Madrid, Aragon and Cataluña. Municipal authorities/town councils and the Committees for

Coordination and regional Development (CCDR)

National Government Spanish government, MOPTC (Public Works, Transport and Communications), MF (Ministry of

Finance and the Public Administration) and MA (Ministry for the environment)

Other internal supply-side

categories ( please specify)

Category Case-study

Public landowners, Tourism board, Industry & service associations, Cities with HST

stations

Private Local residents Local Associations

Local Landowners Private landowners

Environmentalists Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, European Environment Agency

Conservationists

Archaeologists

Other External Private

stakeholders (please

specify)

Category Case study

Other transport operators

Press & Media

Opinion makers, placement of news and opinion articles by

companies interested in the project

Political Opinion

SECTION 2 -PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

MEGAPROJECT Stakeholder Relationship Maps

RENFE (client)

ADIF / GIF

SIEMENS (electrification provider)

and Talgo

ALSTHOM (Train

Machine Provider)

First tier subcontr

actors

2nd tier subcontr

actors

First tier subcontr

actors

2nd tier subcontr

actors

Local and regional government

Spanish

government

Contracts with Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

Acciona, Sacyr,OHL, Dragados,

Comsa y Acsa

First tier subcontr

actors

2nd tier subcontr

actors

Contracts with

Numerous external

stakeholders Numerous external

stakeholders

Contracts with

Passengers in general (client’s

customers)

CAF CONSTRUCCIONES

Y AUXILIAR DE FERROCARRILES

Contracts with

Ansaldo

And Cobra

Contracts with

Contracts with

HKL and Redalsa

Rubau, Copisa,

FCC, Ferrovial,

Vallehermoso

Suppliers basalt: Ophites of

Happy St., Stone and Derivatives SA, Quarries

The Ponderosa, Quartzite of

Mediterranean and Bob Arno and Sons asalt

First tier subcontr

actors

2nd tier subcontr

actors

2nd tier subcontr

actors

First tier subcontr

actors

Contracts with Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

Contracts with

TYPSA Consultant

Name of Actor

Description of relationship

Description of relationship

Key: - Project Actor

- Project relationship with

a contractual basis

- Non-contractual project relationship

Private landowners

Greenpeace,

Friends of the Earth

Other transport

operators

Ministry of

Environment, Ministry

of Development

Environment Agency

from Madrid (AMA)

Agencia Catalana del

Agua

Repeat this map for as many project phases as you require

Cohesion Fund and the TEN-T

budget

SECTION 2 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

MEGAPROJECT External Stakeholder Attitude Analysis External Stakeholder External Stakeholder’s Attitude to

this Project External Stakeholder’s

Influence on project Impact of Project on External Stakeholder Phase of Project of

Greatest Interest (initiation, planning,

construction, operation, dismantling)

Tourism board Highly Favourable . The HST has an impact on travel distribution and modal choice. Furthermore, the high quality of transport can generate new trips offered not from additional modes. 11

General ability to lobby government

High. Contributes to achieving its overall aims

Operation

EU Commission Highly Favourable . Contemplates HST as a new form of European integration 2

General ability to lobby government

Contributes to achieving its overall aims Initiation, Planning, Construction & Operation

Others transport operators: air transport (Iberia , … and airports), on conventional railways and on road transport (buses, cars and road

network) 2

Worried about effects Limited For air transport between Madrid and Barcelona the introduction of the HRS reduced the airport traffic. The route Madrid-Barcelona was in 2007 the world's busiest passenger air route with 971 scheduled flights per week (both directions). In order to compete with each other RENFE has made, and Iberia will make, changes to their fare structures, as well as changing services; Iberia plans to use smaller planes which will leave as soon as full

Operation

Industry & services Associations

Highly Favourable . Commercial reasons 2

Medium High Operation

Greenpeace, Friends of the

Earth, Environment agenciy (AMA); Spanish Ministry of Environment;

Worried about effects

Ability to Lobby Government

Initiation, Planning, Construction and Operation

Private landowners Worried about the lost of the land Limited Lost of the land Construction

cities with HST stations Highly Favourable . Medium High Construction & Operation

Barcelona cultural associations

Worried about effects

Limited The construction committee of Barcelona's famed Sagrada Familia church lobbied for a re-routing of the tunnel - it passes within metres of the massive church's foundations. It also passes equally near the UNESCO-recognized Casa Milà also designed by Antoni Gaudí

Construction and Operation

Environmental

organizations

Highly unfavourable Substantively harmful

Can limit the development of the process (presenting successive complaints about negative impacts that the project brings)

Initiation, Planning, Construction and Operation

Renfe, as operator of the network, says it will be a model "completely innovative and participation in all phases of the process, especially the aftercare of the product“ [43]

MEGAPROJECT Project Management Project Organisation

Client Project Team Size &

Structure RENFE

Contractor Project Team Size

and Structure Siemens, Alsthom, CAF, [25] Talgo, Ansaldo [26] Acciona,OHL, Sacyr, [29] Dragados, Comsa y Acsa , the joint venture formed by Rubau, Copisa, FCC Construcción and Ferrovial Agromán [32]

Sub-Contractor Project Team

Involvement

HKL: The German multinational has been in the works of the AVE to contracting companies leasing equipment different tonnage. It has also intervened in the emergency works carried out between Bellvitge and Sants and repair of the tunnels [27]

Redalsa is going through the lanes and elastic fasteners for the route of the AVE Madrid-Barcelona. [28] Firms of engineering, construction, manufacturing systems and trains

Project Tools and Techniques Please √ if present, x if absent , leave blank if unknown

Life-Cycle Costing Approaches □ Stakeholder Involvement □

Building Information Modelling (BIM) □

Project Management Software □ Relationship Management Tools □ Project Knowledge Management Tools □

Lessons Learnt Transfers □ Team Building Tools □

Competency framework □ Other Tools and Techniques or More Information

SECTION 3 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Risk Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

HR Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Procurement Management

Processes

Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Integration Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □ Department of Regulation and Control Integrated traffic management: in the high-speed lines also has advanced traffic management on the integration platform Davinci, a specified and owned by ADIF, which can integrate information from other systems related to rail traffic, such as the Remote Power, communications, passenger information systems, remote control of sensors. This is an Intelligent Transportation System that features incorporating the latest technologies. 45 The CRC concept integrates all the systems involved in the regulation of railway traffic, responding to the demands of high speed. Thus, from these centers are regulated simultaneously signaling, electrification, communications systems, traveler information and energy, among other things. Process integration is possible through the DaVinci system, considered one of the world's most advanced in the regulation of railway traffic. This system, intellectual property of ADIF, get an overview of all subsystems into which traffic management through a single platform, which optimizes the process considerably. The CRC direct and coordinate the circulation in real time, following a defined transportation plan, meeting the safety and punctuality rates required, and allowing immediate response to any incidents 47

Scope Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Time Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Cost Management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

The main drawback of HST in corridors of low traffic density is its high cost. Infrastructure (generally not compatible with

freight transport) is more expensive than that required by conventional railways, and its use is associated with

decreasing average costs.

Quality management Processes Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Communications Management

Processes

Present (describe below) □Not Present □ No Information □

Project Processes

SECTION 3 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT

MEGAPROJECT Project Performance Aspects of Performance Concerned with Doing the Project Right

Original Targets and changes to

targets

Actual Achievements Against Targets

Performance

relating to time Start date: 1995 Estimated finish date (M-B-F): 2009

Finish date (Madrid-Barcelona): 02/2008 Expected finish date (Barcelona-Figueres): 2012 (Expected divergence 3 years)

Performance

relating to cost

It is estimated that the AVE Madrid-Barcelona will cost more than six billion euros. One Km of this line will cost 7.362.398,28 euros (initial estimation). 34

Seen 2002 investment was expected in the line of 7,800 million euros 34

Total investment of nearly 9 billion euro (Madrid-Barcelona) 6 (a divergence of 3 billion euros related to the initial estimated cost).

Performance

related to

achieving

specification

Estimated number of passengers: Renfe provides transport 6.1 million passengers with this service in your first year of operation (2008). This figure is almost double the 3.3 million passengers in 2007 and earn about three million new customers 35

Annual passenger traffic and year: 7 millions (2009) There was much criticism during the construction of the Madrid-Barcelona line. A highly critical report by the consulting firm KPMG, commissioned by ADIF (Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias) at the behest of the Ministry for Public Works (Ministerio de Fomento) on 23 June 2004, pointed to a lack of in-depth studies and over-hasty execution of works as the most important reasons for the problems that dogged construction of the AVE line. For example, during the construction of the AVE tunnel near Barcelona, a number of nearby buildings suffered minor damage from a large sinkhole that appeared near a commuter rail station, damaging one of its platforms. Passengers: 2,337,913 (2008); 2.651.598 (2009); 2.574.920 (2010); 2.515.681 (2011) [10, 16, 12, 17] SECTION 4 - PROJECT PERFORMANCE

Aspects of Performance Concerned with Doing the Right Project

Stakeholder or

Stakeholder

Grouping

Original Aims of Project

Involvement and

Changes to these Aims

Achievement of these Aims

Tourism agency Industry government

Passenger traffic increase The Madrid–Barcelona–French Frontier route is one of the most relevant land links with Europe. It channels an important flow of tourists toward the south of Spain and Levante. In addition, Catalonia and Aragon maintain significant commercial and cultural relations with the French southern regions and its web economies are very important. 24

City of Madrid

Madrid mobility enhancements

Impact urban environment of the station, step by residential, increased activity, congestion traffic, in a psychological effect for residents. increased mobility for residents and host population, as we saw above, goes to the city in unacceptably high, for work and to take steps, leisure, etc.. with the consequent economic impact 15

The challenge of a project of this type is: - assert that rail transport is the safest; - promote the use of clean transport, especially in short to medium distances 38

City of Barcelona

Barcelona mobility enhancements

•Increased capacity and regularity. •Significant increase comfort by establishing optimal conditions of rolling and drawing. •Increased security by incorporating advanced technologies in control systems of rail traffic. •Removing barriers and improving urban permeability and potential for development of cities. •Citizens have a more integrated rail infrastructure, safe and sustainable, while guests enjoy reduced journey times. 31

Locals and citizens benefits for citizens Increase the overall efficiency of the rail system. Ensuring the safety of rail transport. Improve the structuring of the territory. Promote social cohesion and sustainable development. To promote the welfare of citizens and their quality of life 31

SECTION 4 - PROJECT PERFORMANCE

MEGAPROJECT Project Environment Legal and Regulatory Environment

Legal and Regulatory Project Environment (regionally, nationally and Europe wide)

The Plan of Infrastructure and Transport of the Spanish Government 16 Nueva Ley del sector Ferroviario 39/2003 17 de noviembre REAL DECRETO 2387/2004, de 30 de diciembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento del Sector Ferroviario Orden Ministerial FOM/898/2005 en la que se fijan las cuantías de los cánones ferroviarios Orden Ministerial FOM/233/2006 para la homologación del material rodante ferroviario [30]

Specific Legal and Regulatory events impacting on the project

General Plan of Urban Development Real Decreto 1302/86 on environmental impact assessments for public works [25] Environment Agency (Agencia de Medio Ambiente-AMA): Effect on the river Manzares - deterioration of the avifauna of the area - noise barriers to mitigate the effects of the passage of the train next to residential areas [21] [25]- The work required to correct the environmental impact of Madrid-Seville line will cost about 4,000 million pesetas [23] Archaeological prospection- average cost of 20,000 pesetas per hectare [24]7 Plan de Acción Regional del Transporte para el Mediterráneo (2010-2013) TYPSA leads the consortium of consulting companies supporting the European Commission in implementing the Regional Action Plan for Transport in the Mediterranean, acting as the main contract in the EuroMed Transport Project, the project of regional cooperation in transport of the Union European neighbors to the south [40]

SECTION 5 - PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

Political Project Environment

-Urban planning measures: regulations and incentives to reduce the possible barrier effects of the rail system; new zoning of land uses to allow the location of new economic activities and create positive synergies -Management measures: the implementation of mobility policies to foster the coherent coordination of internal and external passenger flows. 16 -interest to remove regional imbalances and improve communications in the country

Specific Political Events impacting on the project

None Identified

Political Environment

MEGAPROJECT Project Environment

SECTION 5 - PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

Economic Project

Environment

* Key factor of geographic integration.

* Contribution to the development of several of the Spanish regions.

* Strategic role in the development of a global metropolitan network in Spain.

* The benefit of the Barcelona-Madrid AVE is 970 million within 40 years, and 8,990 million

taking into account indirect factors, such as its impact on tourism and the territory. These

8,990 million would be 10.187 million if we add other intangible factors such as the

country's political credibility, citizen appreciation and reputational assets [36]

Specific Economic

Events impacting on the

project

None identified

Economic Environment

Events and activities

relating to project

stakeholders

Events and activities

relating to project

management

Events and activities

relating to project

performance

Events and activities

relating to project

environment

MEGAPROJECT Project Key Events and Activities Timeline

TIME

SECTION 6 - PROJECT TIMELINE

2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1988 2009 2011 2012

Cabinet approval Tender Madrid-Saragossa-Lerida Lerida-Camp

de Tarragona Tarragona-Barcelona

2008

Barcelona-Figueres

Economic crisis

Becomes effective European single currency (2002)

Absolute majority for the Popular

Party in legislative elections (2000)

The PSOE won the elections (2004)

The Popular Party won the election

(1996)

Opened the first Spanish high speed train: the AVE Madrid-Sevilla (1992)

[42]

The government declared a state of alarm, for the first time in democracy, the crisis of air traffic controllers (2010)

Terrorist attack in Madrid caused 191 victims and over 1800 wounded (2004)

Spain joined the CEE (1986)

http://fcmaf.es/cronologia.htm

DATA SOURCES 1- http://www.elsoto.org/ave.htm

2- Rus G. and Inglada, V. (1997): "Cost-Benefit of the High-Speed Train in Spain". The Annals of Regional Science. Volume 31,

Number 32, 175-188

3- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_Velocidad_Espa%C3%B1ola

4- COMMISION FOR INTEGRATED TRANSPORT (2004) "Report on high-speed rail in the United Kingdom international comparisons.

Appendix F. Spain | [Informe sobre la alta velocidad en inglaterra comparaciones internacionales. Apendice F. Espana]" Revista de

Obras Publicas 151 (3444), pp. 7-16

5- Rus, G. and Nombela, G. (2005):Is Investment in High Speed Rail Socially Profitable? Journal of Transport Economics and Policy.

Volume 41. Part I. January 2007, pp 3-23.

6- http://www.adif.es/en_US/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/madrid_barcelona_frontera_francesa/madrid_barcelona_frontera_francesa.shtml

7- De La Fuente, R.S.; Antin, M.G.; Tordesillas, J.M.C.; Capdepon, F.P.; Frances, J.M.U. (2006) "Analysis of the territorial

consequences of the HST (high speed train) in small cities: Ciudad Real and Puertollano | [Analisis de las consecuencias territoriales

del AVE en ciudades pequenas: Ciudad Real y Puertollano]" Estudios Geograficos (260), pp. 199-229

8- http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renfe_Operadora

9- http://www.rodiokronsa.es/images/stories/inyecciones/pdf/fichas/06_consolidacion_zona_karstica_ave.pdf

10- http://www.fomento.gob.es/MFOM/LANG_CASTELLANO/DIRECCIONES_GENERALES/FERROCARRILES/Estructura_ferr/

11- http://www.ub.edu/gim/albalate_bel_EA.pdf

12- http://www.europapress.es/economia/transportes-00343/noticia-economia-ave-ampl-empresas-espanolas-unen-marca-alta-

velocidad-espanola-entrar-eeuu-20090530142301.html

13- http://www.ferropedia.es/wiki/Tr%C3%A1ficos_corredores_Andaluc%C3%ADa_Larga_Distancia

14- http://upcommons.upc.edu/pfc/bitstream/2099.1/6281/11/10.pdf

15- González Yanci, Ma.P.; Aguilera Arilla, Ma.J.; Borderías Uribeondo, Ma.P.; Santos Preciado, J.M. (2005) "Changes in the cities of

de high speed line Madrid-Seville since its establishment | [Cambios en las ciudades de la línea de alta velocidad Madrid-Sevilla desde

su implantación]" Cuadernos Geograficos (36 1), pp. 527-547

DATA SOURCES 16- Bellet, C., Alonso, P., Casellas, A. (2010), "Transport infraestructure and territory. The structural effects of the high-speed train in Spain", Boletin de la Asociacion de Geografos Espanoles (52), pp. 143-163+377-383

17- López, E.; Monzón, A. (2010) "Integration of sustainability issues in strategic transportation planning: A multi-criteria model for the assessment of transport infrastructure plans" Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 25 (6), pp. 440-451

18- Garmendia, M., Ureña, J.M., Coronado, J.M. (2011), "Long-distance trips in a sparsely populated region: The impact of high-speed infrastructures", Journal of Transport Geography 19 (4), pp. 537-551

19- High-Speed Rail Give Short -Haul Air a Run for the Money in Europe, With More Flexible Travel, Greater Comfort, Lower Environmental Impact

20- López, E.; Monzón, A. (2010) "Integration of sustainability issues in strategic transportation planning: A multi-criteria model for the assessment of transport infrastructure plans" Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 25 (6), pp. 440-451

21-Ordaz, P. (1991)El hundimiento de tierras de Córdoba retrasará cuatro meses las obras del TAV. El país, 15/03/1991

22- Adif. http://prensa.adif.es/ade/u08/GAP/Prensa.nsf/0/D32582D883AE053AC12573FE0043BB75/$file/LAV_Figueres2.pdf?OpenElement

23-Rus et al. (2009): Economic Analysis of High Speed Rail in Europe. BBVA Foundation (5 chapters. Some of them analysis the impact of Madrid-Barcelona line). http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/inf_web_economic_analysis.pdf

24- Coto-Millan, P.; Inglada, V.; Rey, B. (2007) "Effects of network economies in high-speed rail: The Spanish case" Annals of Regional Science 41 (4), pp. 911-925.

25- Expasión (2002) "Siemens firma con Alstom y CAF el acuerdo para el AVE Madrid-Barcelona" Expansión, 07/02/2002

26- Carcar (2003) "Los plazos del AVE Madrid-Barcelona, un fracaso anunciado" El País, 05/03/2003

27- HKL participa en la construcción del AVE en los tramos de Lleida-Tarragona-Barcelona" Interempresas 22/02/2008

28- Redalsa: caminos de hierro para comunicar

29- Actualidad24h: "Acciona, OHL y Sacyr se adjudican las obras de la entrada del Ave en Barcelona por 275,7 millones"

30-http://prensa.adif.es/ade/u08/GAP/Prensa.nsf/wV007B?SearchView&Start=1&Count=20&Query=FIELD+TipoDoc+=+InformesyDoc&SearchOrder=4&

DATA SOURCES 31- Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Barcelona-frontera francesa Sala de Prensa Adif

32- http://www.fomento.gob.es/NR/rdonlyres/1C667F9D-E422-4CB9-86A5-39929D608D69/71015/10032903.pdf

33- Muñoz-y-Martin (2002):"El Gobierno crea una tasa para financiar el AVE de Madrid a Barcelona desde 2003" El País, 02/10/2002

34- http://www.elsoto.org/ave.htm

35- Madridpress (2008): 12.000 viajeros utilizan el AVE Madrid-Barcelona en su primer día

36- Preferente (2011) : "El AVE Madrid-Barcelona puede dar 250 millones anuales de beneficio a España" 30/11/2011

37- Prados (1990): "Reducir el impacto ambiental del TAV entre Madrid y Barcelona costará entre 18 y 20 millones por kilómetro" El

País 04/07/1990

38- Inforegio: La línea de Alta Velocidad: Madrid-Barcelona-Frontera Francesa.

39- http://www.typsa.com/2_2c_ferrocarriles.html

40- http://www.typsa.com/_actualidad.html

41- http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/country2009/es_en.pdf HST Madrid-Barcelona sponsors

42- http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cronologia-de-los-principales-acontecimientos-ocurridos-en-espana-tras-la-muerte-de-franco-1439/

43- El País (1999)-Siemens, Talgo, Adztranz y Alstom ultiman sus ofertas para el concurso de alta velocidad por 117.000 millones

22/11/99

44- RuizdelArbol (2005): "La auditoría revela que la línea AVE a Barcelona tiene graves deficiencias" Cinco Días 26/02/2005

45- http://www.adif.es/es_ES/infraestructuras/circulacion/circulacion.shtml

46- http://www.adif.es/es_ES/conoceradif/doc/7sistemas03.pdf

47- http://www.adif.es/es_ES/ocio_y_cultura/fichas_informativas/ficha_informativa_00038.shtml

48- http://www.sener.es/EPORTAL_DOCS/GENERAL/SENERV2/DOC-cw4b4b0cc8680f0/ingenieriacivilenSENER.pdf.

49- http://www.steerdaviesgleave.com/ouroffices/madrid/proyectos-claves

50- http://www.sener.es/EPORTAL_DOCS/GENERAL/SENERV2/DOC-cw49c0b668d7a61/INNOVACION_CLAVE_ESTRATEGICA.pdf

51-

http://www.adif.es/es_ES/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/madrid_barcelona_frontera_francesa/madrid_barcelona_frontera_fra

ncesa.shtml

52- http://www.spainbusiness.com/icex/cma/contentTypes/common/records/mostrarDocumento/?doc=4148975

53- http://fcmaf.es/Ferrocarriles/050.htm

DATA SOURCES General Information about High Speed Rail: institutions and reports

European Commission Mobility and Transport:

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/rail/interoperability/high_speed_en.htm

Trans-European Networks (TEN)

http://ec.europa.eu/ten/index_en.html

European Commission Eurostat. Glossary:

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:High-speed_rail

European Commission Eurostat. Passenger transport statistics: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Passenger_transport_statistics

European Commission Eurostat. General statistics:

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/transport/data/main_tables

International Union of Railways (UIC). Rail and Sustainable Development

http://www.uic.org/etf/publication/publication-detail.php?code_pub=525

Spain. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE). Statistics:

http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=/t10/a106/a2000/&file=pcaxis

Spain. Ministerio de Fomento. Statistics:

http://www.fomento.gob.es/BE/?nivel=2&orden=07000000

Spain. Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF):

http://prensa.adif.es