meiosis
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Meiosis. Honors Biology Spring 2013. Warm-Up. With a neighbor, discuss the following: What is meiosis? How does it differ from mitosis?. Essential Questions. What is meiosis and why is it necessary? What are the stages of meiosis? How does meiosis compare to mitosis?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MEIOSISHonors Biology
Spring 2013
Warm-Up With a neighbor, discuss the following:
What is meiosis? How does it differ from mitosis?
Essential QuestionsWhat is meiosis and why is it necessary?
What are the stages of meiosis?
How does meiosis compare to mitosis?
Haploid vs. DiploidDiploid cells
1. Body cells2. Contains homologous chromosomes3. 2N
B. Haploid cells1. Sex cells2. contains one member of each pair3. 1N
Meiosis Meiosis– process which reduces by half the
number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
• meiosis occurs in sex organs of individual
Overview of MeiosisA. Meiosis - formation of sex cells
1. Meiosis is cell division that results in a gamete containing half the number of chromosomes of its parent.2. Meiosis includes 2 steps that each closely resemble corresponding steps in mitosis.
Phases of Meiosismeiosis I•Prophase I•Metaphase I•Anaphase I•Telophase I &?•Cytokinesis PMAT I
Meiosis II•Prophase II•Metaphase II•Anaphase II•Telophase II &?• Cytokinesis PMAT II
Meiosis 1Meiosis I - reduction division
1. Interphase I2. Prophase I3. Metaphase I4. Anaphase I5. Telophase I
Meiosis 1: Prophase 1–chromatin condenses to form chromosomes–homologous chromosomes attach to form tetrads
Meiosis 1: Prophase 1– when tetrads
form, crossing over can occur
– crossing over is the
exchange of part of
homologous chromatids
Meiosis 1: Metaphase 1
–tetrads line up on equator–spindle fibers attach to centromeres
Meiosis 1: Anaphase 1– homologous
chromosomes separate– spindle fibers
pull them to opposite
poles
Meiosis 1: Telophase and Cytokinesis
• telophase I– nuclear
membrane reforms
• cytokinesis– cytoplasm
splits
Meiosis 1: Results• results– two haploid (n)
daughter cells = ½ the
number of chromosomes as
parent cell
Meiosis IIMeiosis II - separation of chromatids
1. Interphase II2. Prophase II3. Metaphase II4. Anaphase II5. Telophase II
–chromosomes already formed
Meiosis II: Prophase II
–chromosomes line up along equator
Meiosis II: Metaphase II
–sister chromatids separate–move to opposite ends
Meiosis II: Anaphase II
•telophase II–nuclear envelope reforms
•cytokinesis–cytoplasm splits
Meiosis II: Telophase and Cytokinesis
Meiosis II: Results– 4 haploid (n) daughter cells– all genetically different
Ploidy
parent cell?•dipliod (2n)after meiosis I?•haploid (n) (monopliod)after meiosis II?•hapliod (n)
Purpose of Meiosis: Diversity
Meiosis and sexual reproduction significantly contribute to genetic variation among offspring.
Purpose of Meiosis: Gametes
• role of meiosis is to produce gametes
• meiosis in males– spermatogenesis– produces 4 sperm cells
• meiosis in females– oogenesis– produces 1 ovum (egg cell) and 3
polar bodies
Where Does Meiosis Occur?
Mitosis vs. Meiosis where does is occur?• meiosis – sex organs; mitosis – somatic cells number of cell divisions?• meiosis – 2; mitosis – 1 number of cells produced?• meiosis – 4; mitosis – 2 ploidy of daughter cells?• meiosis – hapliod (n); mitosis – dipliod (2n) # of chromosomes compared to parent cell?• meiosis – ½ # chromosomes; mitosis – same
Mitosis vs. Meiosis