mel 4e. graphing data can make it easier to quickly see trends. there are different types of graphs...
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GraphingMEL 4E
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Graphing data can make it easier to quickly see trends. There are different types of graphs which each show and compare data
Why do we use graphs?
Where might you see graphs?
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Used to compare quantities Data is categorical Ex. monthly snowfall
Bar Graphs
9 10 11 120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Number of students in each grade at Huron Heights
Grade
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
What grade has the most students?What grade has the least students?How many students are in grade 11?What trend do you see for the number of students across all grades?
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1. Create the axes 2. Add a scale 3. Add titles to the axes 4. Plot the bars 5. Add a descriptive title
Creating a bar graph
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Create the axes
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Add a scale
Horizontal axis: use categories
Vertical axis: Max is 450
9 intervals possible
450/9 = 50
So scale is 50!
9 10 11 120
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450
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Add titles to the axes
9 10 11 120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Grade
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
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Plot the bars
9 10 11 120
50
100
150
200
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450
Grade Number of Students9 20010 27511 32512 350
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Add a descriptive title
9 10 11 120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Number of students in each grade at Huron Heights
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Used to compare 2 similar sets of data ex. Boys and girls
Double bar graphs
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
50
100
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450
Number of boys and girls using the internet over time
BoysGirls
Year
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
usin
g t
he inte
rnet
** ALWAYS Needs a Legend**
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Used to compare data
Data is continuous Numbers are
grouped to form a continuous range from left to right
Ex. Allowance
Histograms
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Same as the bar graph but the horizontal scale must be continuous
Range is inclusive i.e $5 fits into $5-$10 rather than $0-$5
Making a histogram
How many people scored between 0-20% ?
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$5, $10, $5, $20 $0, $4.50, $10, $12$0, $20, $15, $5 $25, $5, $20, $15
Bar Graph vs. Histogram
0 5 10 15 200
1
2
3
4
Allowance of students
Allowance ($)
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
0--5 5--10 10--15 15--20 20+0
1
2
3
Allowance of students
Allowance ($)
Num
ber
of
stu
dents
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If 10 Students’ marks are 40 46 49 57 58 73 75 81 84 96
40 46 49 57 58 73 75 81 84 960
1
2
Bar Graph
Mark on Final Exam
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-990
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Histogram
Mark on Final Exam
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
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40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-990
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Histogram
Mark on Final Exam
Num
ber
of
Stu
dents
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
80-89
90-99
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Histogram
Num
ber
of
Stu
-dents
Mark
on F
inal Exam
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Useful for showing relationships (like change over time) Data is ordinal Ex. Average temperature
Line Graphs
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
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90
100
Grades vs. Absences
Number of Absences
Gra
de
What grade did a person with 20 absences get?
How many absences did a person who got 60% have?
What grade would you expect a student with 17 absences to get?
What can you say about the relationship between grades and absences
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Same as the bar graph but...◦ Plot dots instead of bars◦ Connect points with a ruler◦ Horizontal scale must be in numerical order
Making a line graph
Absences Grade 2 90 5 75 8 80 14 60 20 40 24 32
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Grades vs. Absences
Number of Absences
Gra
de (
%)
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Used to compare 2 similar sets of data that change over time
Double line graph
Number of children who are adopted and brought into foster care vs. time
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Used when sections represents portions of a whole
Ex. Percent who chose pizza
Pie/Circle Graphs
What percent of people chose Apple pie?If 100 people took the survey, how many chose Pecan pie?
If 50 people took the survey, how many chose pumpkin?
How could you estimate the percent of people who chose cherry pie if the label was not included?
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Each dot represents 1/100 of the circle Count out the percent of the circle for each
category Use a ruler to separate the pieces
Making a Pie Chart
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A descriptive title Labels on each axes/Segment A scale Units Data Points!
Every Graph Needs