meliponas in yucatan, mexico - university of hawaii · the mayas developed a meliponiculture...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico
Luis Medina MedinaDepartment of Apiculture
Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity Autonomous of Yucatan
![Page 2: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Before A. mellifera introduction =ethnic groups in the Americasonly produces honey fromdifferent native stingless beespecies.
![Page 3: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stingless bee species used by different ethnic group in the Americas to produce honey
Melipona compressipes (Tiúba= Maranhão, Brazil) Timbira, Tupinanmbá, Guajajara, Tremembé, Guajá, Urubu, Gavião.
Melipona scutelaris (uruçu = Norwest Brazil) Potiguara, Kiriri, Xucuru, Pataxo, Paiaku, Tupirucuba, Caete, y Aymore.
Melipona beecheii (xunan’cab = Yucatan, Mexico) Mayas
Kerr, et al., 1996
![Page 4: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Meliponiculture (beekeeping with stingless bees) dates from pre-Columbian times and it was an important and ancient activity to theMayas from the Yucatan peninsula.
The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheii species) toa level similar to that of management of the honey bee A. melliferaduring Medieval times in Europe.
Each hollow log = 1 stingless bee colony
![Page 5: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Codex Cortesiano; Tro-Cortesiano II (Codex de Madrid); XIV century
Folding book with 112 pages related with agriculture and hunting.
Agriculture Hunting
22.6
12.2
![Page 6: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
10 pages are related with stingless bees and their management
![Page 7: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Stingless bee enemies?
![Page 8: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Knowledge about queen physiogastric condition
![Page 9: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
≥ 250 stingless bee colonies keeping in hollow log hives± 80 years old “najil kab” = bee house
© Felipe Martinez, 1958
![Page 10: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
≥ 15 stingless bee colonies keeping in hollow log hives
±± 15 years old15 years old
©Jonathan Ott,, 1998
![Page 11: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stingless bee species in Yucatan, Mexico
Melipona genera1) Melipona beecheii (Xuna´an Kab; Kolel Kab)2) Melipona yucatanica (Ts´ets´)
Melipona beecheii Melipona yucatanica
![Page 12: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Trigona genera
1) ScaptotrigonaScaptotrigona pectoralispectoralis (Kan-Tzac)2) TrigonaTrigona ((FrieseomelittaFrieseomelitta) ) nigranigra nigranigra (Sak-Xic)3) Trigona (Trigona) fulviventris (Mu´ul-Kab)4) Trigona (Trigona) fuscipennis (Kuris-kab)5) NannotrigonaNannotrigona perilampoidesperilampoides (Bo´ol; Yaxich)6) Cephalotrigona zexmeniae (E´hol; Ta´a kab)7) Trigonisca maya (Ch´ache´m; Pu´up)8) Plebeia frontalis (Us-Kab)9) Plebeia moureana (Us-Kab)10) Plebeia pulchra (Yaax´ ich)11) Partamona bilineata (Xnuk; Ch´o´och)12) Lestrimelitta niitkib (Niit-kib; Limon-Kab)
![Page 13: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mayas produce honey and wax (cerumen) only M. beecheii= keeping in hollow log hives.
Worker population (400 a > 1,200 bees).
Honey production (20 to more than 200 honey pots).
Easy adaptability in artificial nests (log hives).
No aggressive behavior.
Honey quality (flavor).
Frequent in the nature.
![Page 14: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Inside a natural Melipona Nest
![Page 15: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Splitting Melipona Hives
![Page 16: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Inside a natural Melipona Nest: Brood Combs
Camargo & Posey, 1990
![Page 17: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The hive or Hobon
![Page 18: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The hive or Hobon
![Page 19: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Honey extraction
![Page 20: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Splitting Melipona colonies
![Page 22: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Decline of Meliponiculture
1) Forest clearing for towns and agriculture
2) Extensive forest clearing for Sisal and Henequen (Agave spp)
3) Decline of native population
4) Urbanization of native population
5) Growth of sugar cane
6) The coming of Apis mellifera
![Page 25: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Little economic interest in the Meliponiculture by new generations..
©Gonzalez-Acereto
![Page 26: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Courses based on practical work for better management, colony reproduction, feeding during dearth and harvesting of colonies.
©Gonzalez-Acereto©Gonzalez-Acereto
©Gonzalez-Acereto
©Gonzalez-Acereto
![Page 27: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
New meliponicultores
± 55 hives
± 15 hives
± 20 hives
©Gonzalez-Acereto
©Gonzalez-Acereto
©Gonzalez-Acereto
©Gonzalez-Acereto
![Page 28: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
New meliponicultores
![Page 29: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The use of native stingless bee species for crop pollination in greenhouses in Yucatan, Mexico.
In the last 12 years the use of greenhouses for some crops has significantlyincreased in Yucatan.
![Page 30: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Crops in greenhouses need a pollinating agent. In Yucatan, Bumblebees areimported from the US and Canada at a cost of c.150 USD per colony,however, colonies are not perennial and need to be replaced every 3 months.
Native stingless bees have the potential to pollinate some crops (tomato andhabanero pepper) and need to be tested.
![Page 31: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Nannotrigona perilampoides
Scaptotrigona pectoralis
Trigona nigra
Apis mellifera
The treatments used in each section were stingless bees(SB), not pollinated (NP), and mechanical vibration (MV).
![Page 32: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1-25
26-50
51-100
101-200
> 200
WITHOUT
![Page 35: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Probably reflects 25% of total colonies
![Page 36: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Other Melipona products
Pollen, propolis, honey mixes, wax (cera de Campeche), tinctures, supplements, antimicrobial properties + pollination services.
![Page 37: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Beekeeping is not always A. mellifera keeping.
Meliponiculture still important activity in rural areas.
Meliponiculture currently has not uncertain future.
New meliponicultores are engaging in this activity.
Meliponiculture has a lucrative niche marketing and
potential use for crop pollination.
CONCLUSIONS
![Page 38: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Support foundations:
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT).
Sistema Regional de Investigación “Justo Sierra Méndez”.
Fundación Produce Yucatán, A.C.
Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (PROMEP)
Acknowledgements
![Page 39: Meliponas in Yucatan, Mexico - University of Hawaii · The Mayas developed a meliponiculture (Melipona beecheiispecies) to a level similar to that of management of the honey beeA](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011806/5bea3ddd09d3f2905b8c9109/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Dr. Ethel M. Villalobos.
All UH Bee Team.
Many thanks to: