meljun cortes computing fundamentals - hardware

Computing FundamentalsComputing Fundamentals

Computer Hardware

MELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES

Objectives

Identify types of computers and how they process information

Identify the function of computer hardware components

Identify the factors to consider when buying computer equipment

Identify how to maintain computer equipment and solve common problems

BackMELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES

Introduction

When the computer was introduced, it’s said to be the greatest invention since man learned to use electricity.

Almost every aspect of people's lives is affected in some way by computers.

Computers are no smarter than the humans who program them.


Computing Computing FundamentalsFundamentals

Some ways in which the computer is used:

• Word processing• Calculations• Communication• Computer-assisted learning• Research• Presentations• Database management• Automation• Entertainment

Next: Definition of ComputerBack



What is a computer?

Computer is an electronic device that accepts, processes, stores, and outputs data at high speeds according to programmed instructions.

There are two basic components that make up a computer: hardware and software.

Next: Parts of a ComputerBack



Parts of a Typical Computer

Next: Types of Computers

Monitor

System Unit

Keyboard Mouse

Printer

Back



IBM Blue Gene/L

Minicomputer

SupercomputerSupercomputer

MainframeNext: Types of Microcomputers

Microcomputer

Types of Computers



Common Types of Microcomputers

Personal Computer (PC)

Laptop/Notebook

Handheld/PDA

Macintosh (Mac)

Back



The Four Main Components of a Microcomputer

Back

INPUT DEVICESInput devices allow us to enter information into the computer. They include keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones.

PROCESSING DEVICESProcessing components manipulate the information once it is "in" the computer. In the microcomputer there is a set of common components consisting of the central processing unit (CPU), interface components, and memory (RAM).

STORAGE DEVICESStorage devices store the entered information and programs for future use. Common storage devices include hard disks, floppy disks, and CD-ROMs.

OUTPUT DEVICESOutput devices are how the manipulated information is returned to us. They commonly include video monitors, printers, and speakers.

Parts of the System Unit



The System UnitThe System Unit

RAM

CD-ROM and/or DVD-ROM Drive

Back

Network Card

1. Common Hardware Problems

ROM-BIOS

2. Buying a computer 3. Next: Software



Input Devices

Other Input Devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Microphone

Scanner

Back



Other Input DevicesBarcode Reader

Joystick

Web Camera

Digital Camera

Back to MenuBack



Processing Devices

Back

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

CPU

CPU Speed Release Date

Pentium 4 1 GHz to 3 GHz Latest

Pentium III 450 MHz to 1 GHz 1999

Pentium II 266 MHz 1997

Pentium 133 MHz 1993

486 66 MHz 1989

386 25 MHz 1985

80286 12.5 MHz 1982

8088 8 MHz 1979Based on table courtesy of www.customguide.com

Measuring Memory



Storage Devices/Media

More Storage Devices/Media

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)

Diskette

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More Storage Devices/Media

USB Flash Drive

CD-ROM (or DVD-ROM Drive)

Types of CDs:

•CD-ROM

•CD-R

•CD-RW

Back to Menu

Flash Card

Back



Output Devices

Back

Monitor

Speakers

Printer

Projector



MonitorsMonitors

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)



Parts of the Keyboard

Alphanumeric KeysAlphanumeric KeysCursor KeysCursor Keys

Numeric KeypadNumeric KeypadFunction KeysFunction Keys



Parts of a Mouse

Left Button

Back

Right Button

Wheel

(Not always available) Palm Rest

Mouse Actions:

2. Click

3. Double-click

4. Right-Click

5. Point

6. Drag

How to hold the mouse MELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES


How to hold the mouse

Courtesy:

www.internet4classrooms.com



PrintersPrinters

Dot Matrix

Inkjet Laser BackMELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES


Back to illustration

Motherboard



Measuring Memory

Unit Abbreviation Size

Bit - [Smallest Unit]

Byte - 8 Bits

Kilobyte KB 1, 024 bytes

Megabyte MB 1, 048, 576 bytes

Gigabyte GB 1, 073,741,824 bytes/1, 024 MB



Central Processing Unit (CPU)


CPU Fan




DDRAM

Random-Access Memory

SDRAM Photo courtesy of: www.oamao.com

SDRAM



Hard Disk Drive


Cross-section of HDD



3.5” Floppy Disk Drive

3.5 “ Floppy Disk


Courtesy www.yedata.com



Back

PC Ports



CD-ROM Drive

CD-ROM

Back to illustration MELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES


Video Card



AGP Port



Power Supply



Network Card



ROM-BIOS



Common Hardware Problems

• Computer won’t start– Be sure it is plugged in and there’s electricity– Bad power supply– Check the monitor

– RAM problem– Bad hard drive

• Mouse is not working well/at all

• Keyboard is not working• Printer: Paper Jams

Back



How to Buy a PC

• What is my purpose of buying a PC?

• What OS will best support the applications that I will use?

• Do I need portability?

• Do I need versatility?

• How about the warranties?

Maintenance Installing New SoftwareBasic TroubleshootingBackMELJUN P. CORTESMELJUN P. CORTES

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