mels project wrap u p
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MELS Project Wrap U p. Rich Brown , David Culler, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty , Steven Lanzisera , Jay Taneja Computer Science Division , University of California, Berkeley Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. MELS: Miscellaneous Electric Loads. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MELS Project Wrap Up
Rich Brown, David Culler, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty, Steven Lanzisera, Jay Taneja
Computer Science Division, University of California, BerkeleyEnvironmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
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MELS: Miscellaneous Electric Loads
• Large, rigorous study of miscellaneous electric loads (mostly plugs)– Roughly 1/3 of building energy consumption– Difficult to study due to large number of small
consumers• Test methods to accurately describe
energy use of plug-in devices from individual device to whole building
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 2
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DOE MELS => Appliance Energy
8/2/2011 CPS-PI-11 3
• 450 plug-load meters• 7 edge routers• 650m data points
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Study Phases
Hardware (2009)
• Calibration• Safety
testing
Testing and Setup
• Software validation
Installation
• Device inventory• Stratified sampling
Operation (2011)
• Maintenance and debugging
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 4
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System Architecture
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 5
• IPv6 tunnel from building network to data closet• Data in raw UDP• Configurable metering application
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Multipoint Calibration
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 6
• Automated 20-point calibration on every meter• Generate a 3-part piecewise calibration
• 90th percentile error is <2 watts across devices
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HYDRO Principles
• Maintain multiple next-hop options• Trickelize density-sensitve state propagation• Horizontally scalable with multiple LBRs
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 8
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Emergent network dynamics
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 9
• Verify dynamics results on large scale– Link and device churn are prevalent
• Mean network degree is at least 16, diameter is about 4.5 hops
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Exploration is ongoing
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 10
• Path length and router degree show clear diurnal and weekly variation
• Exploration of new potential candidate links is a continuous process
• With only “stable” links, diameter increases by factor of 2
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 11
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Can we identify when metered devices change over time?
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From data, found change from older 20” LCD to new 24” LCD
Increase screen area 44%; reduce energy 33%.
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How Common is Computer-Display Power Management?
40 Hour Work Week
PM w/ breaks
Rarely power down monitor
• 83% of monitors use power management
• 15% use it with breaks for days at a time
• 2% do not use it
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What is the Distribution of LCD Computer Display Energy Use?
N=118
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How Common is Desktop Computer Power Management?
40 Hour Work Week
39% rarely powered down
44% managed
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How Much of Whole Building is Plugs?
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All Building Electricity
40% of Building Electricity
3 month weekday average:March, April, May
Note: no cooling during these months
Projected based on full inventory and sample weights
All Plugs
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What Makes Up Bldg 90 Plugs Energy?
Computers50% of energy
Displays10% of energy
Task Lighting 7% Networking 6%Other 7%
Imaging10% of energy
Misc. HVAC10% of energy
Timer controlled plug strips?75 MWh/year30% of non-computer plug total 6% of building total
Computer power management?150 MWh/year60% of computer total 12% of building total
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Building 90 Device Inventory & Energy
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Findings and Next Steps
• Bldg 90 network demonstrated large-scale, end-to-end WSN and collected a lot of useful data– IT equipment should be focus of office energy management
programs– Using data for LBNL-wide plug-load management
• Inventory and meter installation are labor-intensive– Exploring using public (homeowner & building occupant)
participation for data collection– Integrate metering & communications into products
• Robust sensor network needs more engineering– ? Evaluate commercial products now available
• Electricity only part of buildings energy problem– Developing low-cost WSN for gas and water metering
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QUESTIONS
September 13, 2011 LBNL EETD Seminar Series 20