melting points ionic liquids: polarity (adjustable) very low vapor pressure liquid ranges (> 300...
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Melting points
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Ionic liquids:
Polarity (adjustable) Very low vapor pressureLiquid ranges (> 300 °C)Solubility of gases & a wide range of compoundsImmiscibility with solventsHydrophilicity/lipophilicity (adjustable)Acidity (adjustable)
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Charge distribution for [C4mim][PF6]. (4-1-PF6)
Red corresponds to regions of high relative negative charge, and blue to high relative positive charge.
New ionic liquid made up of a cobalt-carbonyl anion and imidazolium cation. The liquid is catalytically active in its own right.
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Ionic liquids can form structures in their own right such as a stable smectic liquid crystal eg. [C14mim][PF6].
Ionic liquids made of dialkylimidazolium cations and appropriate anions are useful alternative media of special properties to be employed.
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Scheme 1. Friedel-Crafts acetylation reaction of naphthalene.
O
O O Cl
C6H5NO2 EMImAl2Cl7
O Cl
1-isomer2-isomer
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Pravadoline, a potential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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The phase preference of the three forms of thymol blue in [bmim][PF6].
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Utilizing recyclable gases to activate the proton switch: (a) Thymol blue in the upper aqueous phase at pH = 13; (b) Bubbling CO2 through the RTIL/aqueous system, note the change in dye color; (c) The yellow form of thymol blue in the RTIL phase; (d) Bubbling NH3 through the RTIL/aqueous system, note the darker color of the dye; (e) The blue form of thymol blue settling into the top aqueous phase.
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Solid/liquid separations utilizing the low melting [dmim][PF6]: (a) An acidic thymol blue solution residing over solid [dmim][PF6] prior to melting; (b) After melting the salt, thymol blue partitioned to the [dmim][PF6]; (c) Recrystallization of [dmim][PF6] leaves behind a red residue; (d) An alkaline wash is added to remove the dye from the solid surfaces; (e) The colorless crystalline [dmim][PF6] solid after washing.
a b c d e
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Figure 1 | A class apart. Ionic liquids show a range of properties. Here, hydrophobic EMIm NTf2 (bottom phase) is separated from hydrophobic C9H20 by blue-dyed H2O. Involatility was assumed to be a characteristic common to all members of the class, until Earle showed otherwise.
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FIGURE 1. Labelled photograph of the Kugelrohr oven and distillation apparatus.
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FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of the differences between protic and aprotic ionic liquids, in both the liquid and the gaseous phases.
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