memory - weeblysbuckphs.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/9/3/84938512/memory_ppt... · 2018. 9. 4. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
10282016
1
10282016
2
Was it easy or hard
bull It depends on several thingshellip
bull If you like Disney movies
bull When was the last time you have seen the movie
bull Are people around you being loud so you cannot concentrate
Take out a piece of paperhellip
bull Name the seven dwarveshellip
Now name themhellip
10282016
3
Memory super memorist 20
The persistence of learning over
time through the storage and retrieval of information
Recall vs Recognition
Recall
bull you must retrieve the information from your memory
bull fill-in-the blank or essay tests
Recognition
bull you must identify the target from possible targets
bull multiple-choice tests
10282016
4
The Memory Process crash course
Three step processhellip 1 Encoding The processing of
information into the memory system
2 Storage The retention of encoded material over time
3 Retrieval The process of getting the information out of memory storage
Encoding
bull Taking in information
bull Sensory Memory
Storage
bull Short-Term Memory
bull Long-Term Memory
Retrieval
bull Access
Three Stage Theory of Memory
10282016
5
Sensory Memory replication of Sperlings experiment
bull A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information ndash Iconic (Visual)
ndash Echoic (Auditory)
Short Term Memory
bull The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM
bull Events are encoded visually (images) acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings)
bull Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds
bull We recall digits better than letters
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
2
Was it easy or hard
bull It depends on several thingshellip
bull If you like Disney movies
bull When was the last time you have seen the movie
bull Are people around you being loud so you cannot concentrate
Take out a piece of paperhellip
bull Name the seven dwarveshellip
Now name themhellip
10282016
3
Memory super memorist 20
The persistence of learning over
time through the storage and retrieval of information
Recall vs Recognition
Recall
bull you must retrieve the information from your memory
bull fill-in-the blank or essay tests
Recognition
bull you must identify the target from possible targets
bull multiple-choice tests
10282016
4
The Memory Process crash course
Three step processhellip 1 Encoding The processing of
information into the memory system
2 Storage The retention of encoded material over time
3 Retrieval The process of getting the information out of memory storage
Encoding
bull Taking in information
bull Sensory Memory
Storage
bull Short-Term Memory
bull Long-Term Memory
Retrieval
bull Access
Three Stage Theory of Memory
10282016
5
Sensory Memory replication of Sperlings experiment
bull A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information ndash Iconic (Visual)
ndash Echoic (Auditory)
Short Term Memory
bull The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM
bull Events are encoded visually (images) acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings)
bull Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds
bull We recall digits better than letters
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
3
Memory super memorist 20
The persistence of learning over
time through the storage and retrieval of information
Recall vs Recognition
Recall
bull you must retrieve the information from your memory
bull fill-in-the blank or essay tests
Recognition
bull you must identify the target from possible targets
bull multiple-choice tests
10282016
4
The Memory Process crash course
Three step processhellip 1 Encoding The processing of
information into the memory system
2 Storage The retention of encoded material over time
3 Retrieval The process of getting the information out of memory storage
Encoding
bull Taking in information
bull Sensory Memory
Storage
bull Short-Term Memory
bull Long-Term Memory
Retrieval
bull Access
Three Stage Theory of Memory
10282016
5
Sensory Memory replication of Sperlings experiment
bull A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information ndash Iconic (Visual)
ndash Echoic (Auditory)
Short Term Memory
bull The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM
bull Events are encoded visually (images) acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings)
bull Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds
bull We recall digits better than letters
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
4
The Memory Process crash course
Three step processhellip 1 Encoding The processing of
information into the memory system
2 Storage The retention of encoded material over time
3 Retrieval The process of getting the information out of memory storage
Encoding
bull Taking in information
bull Sensory Memory
Storage
bull Short-Term Memory
bull Long-Term Memory
Retrieval
bull Access
Three Stage Theory of Memory
10282016
5
Sensory Memory replication of Sperlings experiment
bull A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information ndash Iconic (Visual)
ndash Echoic (Auditory)
Short Term Memory
bull The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM
bull Events are encoded visually (images) acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings)
bull Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds
bull We recall digits better than letters
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
5
Sensory Memory replication of Sperlings experiment
bull A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information ndash Iconic (Visual)
ndash Echoic (Auditory)
Short Term Memory
bull The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM
bull Events are encoded visually (images) acoustically (sounds) or semantically (meanings)
bull Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds
bull We recall digits better than letters
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
6
Transferring from STM to LTM
bull Chunking - organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Mnemonic Devices
bull Rehearsal ndash repetition repetition repetition
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums
Long Term Memory
bull unlimited storehouse of information
bull Explicit Memories (Declarative) ndash Facts Memorized (Semantic)
ndash Events Experiences (Episodic)
bull Implicit Memories (Non-declarative or Procedural) ndash Skills
ndash Example how to ride a bike shoot a basketball
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
7
Storing Memories - Encoding Effortful Processing bull done actively ldquowith
effortrdquo on purpose
bull Studying for a test
bull Completing AP Psych reading assignment
bull Drilling with AP Psych flashcards
Automatic Processing bull done passively ldquowithout
effortrdquo by ldquoaccidentrdquo
bull Remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning
bull Remembering the score of sporting event
bull Remembering who you first spoke to today
Storing Memories - Encoding bull Amnesia - generally the loss
of memory
bull The Physical Basis of Memory ndash No one area houses memories
ndash Ongoing Electrical Activity
ndash Synaptic Changes
bull Long-term Potentiation (LTP) ndash increase in a synapsersquos firing potential after stimulation (engram)
bull program 17
bull modern example
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
8
Encoding Processes
bull Visual Encoding the encoding of images
bull Acoustic Encoding the encoding of sound
bull Semantic Encoding the encoding of meaning
the most effective
encoding with multiple process types is even more effective
Memory Strategies start 704
bull Mnemonic devices are strategies to improve memory by organizing information ndash Method of Loci ideas are associated with a place
or part of a building example
ndash Peg-Word system peg words are associated with ideas (eg ldquoone is a bunrdquo)
ndash Word Associations verbal associations are created for items to be learned
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
9
Chunking Chunking amp other methods
bull Organizing items into familiar manageable units
bull Often it will occur automatically
Chunk- from Goonies
1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
Do these numbers mean anything to you
1492 1776 1812 1941 how about now
Chunking Write down as many of the states of the US as you
can remember
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
10
Take out a piece of paper and name all the Presidents
Encoding Information
bull Serial Positioning Effects ndash the tendency for recall to be affected by the order of encoding ndash Primacy Effect ndashmore likely
to recall items at the beginning of a list
ndash Recency Effect ndash likely to recall items at the end of a list
ndash What else influenced your ability to recall
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
11
Serial Positioning Effect
bull Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this
Presidents Recalled
Encoding ndash The Spacing Effect
bull distributed study or practice yields better long term retention
bull cramming is minimally effective
What then would be good strategies for preparing for AP Psych tests
For the AP Exam in the spring
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
12
The Context Matters crash course
bull Flashbulb Memories
ndash a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
bull Mood Congruent Memory
ndash the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood
bull State Dependent Memory ndash memory that is recalled
under the consciousness conditions it was formed
Memory Construction
bull Memories are not always what they seem
bull Misinformation Effect ndash incorporating misleading information into onersquos memory of an event
bull Elizabeth Loftus
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
13
Misinformation Effect
Depiction of Accident
Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other
Misinformation Effect Leading Question About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
14
Forgetting ndash Encoding Failure
Which is the Right Penny AUTOMATIC ENCODING
(From Nickerson amp Adams 1979)rlm
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
15
Forgetting ndash Retrieval Failure
bull Retroactive
Interference recent information blocks out old information
bull Proactive
Interference previous information blocks out new information
Calling your new girlfriend by old girlfriendrsquos name
Getting a new bus number and forgetting old bus number
Clive Wearing
bull Repression ndash Freudrsquos concept of the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
16
Forgetting - Storage Decay
bull Even after encoding something well we sometimes forget it
bull Herman Ebbinghausrsquo experiments with non-sense syllables ndashShowed the memory fades quickly
but then the speed at which it fades levels out
Ebbinghausrsquos Forgetting Curve
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
17
My Trip To Cheesecake Factory
You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth You study the menu You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls extra sauce Roadslide Sliders Thai Lettuce Wraps and Chino-Latino Steak (medium) You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls Later the rest of the meal arrives You enjoy it all except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu You will now see a series of 8 slides timed 2 seconds apart
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
18
Rest
Snore
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
19
Sound
Tired
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
20
Bed
Slumber
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
21
Night
Last Recall as many as you can
Cheesecake factory
How did you order the steak
Was the red tablecloth checkered
What did you order to drink
Did a male server give you a menu What type of interference did you experience
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention
10282016
22
Types of Amnesia Clive Wearing
bull Causes Brain Damage Shock Repression Stress and Illness
bull Amnesia is forgetting produced by brain injury or trauma ndash Retrograde amnesia refers to problems
with recall of information prior to a trauma
ndash Anterograde amnesia refers to problems with recall of information after a trauma
ndash 50 1st dates trailer
ndash Infantile Amnesia Before 3 years old
ndash Source amnesia-where did I hear or read that
Significant People - Memory
George Miller ndash Research on Short-term Memory Capacity ndash ldquoThe Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus
Twordquo (1956 Harvard) bull established 7 + or ndash 2 as the limit of storable
information bull also first developed the concept of ldquochunkingrdquo to
aid in memory retention