Memory & Oblivion

CIRA - COMITE INTERNATIONAL D'HISTOIRE DE L' ART THOMAS W. GAEHTGENS

President ALESSANDRO BETTAGNO

ALBERT CHATELET

HERMANN FILLITZ

BEATRIZ DE LA FUENTE

JOHN HOUSE

IRVING LAVIN

ERNO MAROSI

SHun TAKASHINA

Vice-Presidents WESSEL REININK

Secretaire Scientifique

HANS A. LUTHY

Secretaire Administratif et Tresorier

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE WESSEL REININK

Chair Professor Emeritus of Architectural History, Utrecht University

HENK VAN OS

Deputy Chair General Director, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam

RIK vos Honorary Treasurer Director Fries Museum, Leeuwarden

RUDOLF EKKART

Director Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD), The Hague JAN PIET FILEDT KOK

Director of Collections, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ROBERT DE HAAS

Director Netherlands Office for Fine Arts, The Hague RONALD DE LEEUW

Director Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam JEROEN STUMPEL

Professor of Iconology and Art theory, Utrecht University

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE JEROEN STUMPEL

Chair Utrecht University

JAN PIET FILEDT KOK

Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ROBERT SCHELLER

Professor Emeritus of Medieval Art History, University of Amsterdam GARY SCHWARTZ

Chair Poster Sessions Maarssen

This publication was generously supported by the Prins Bernhard Fonds, Amsterdam, and Utrecht University.

MEMORY & OBLIVION Proceedings of the XXIXth International Congress of the History of Art held in Amsterdam, 1-7 September 1996

Edited by

Wessel Reinink Jeroen Stumpel

Springer-Science+ Business Media, B.V.

A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-5771-4 ISBN 978-94-011-4006-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4006-5

Editorial assistance: Rembrandt Duits, EIske Gerritsen, Joshua Peters

English editing: French editing: German editing:

Robert Simon L. Lebrun Ann-Sophie Lehmann

Printed on acid-free paper

All rights reserved © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording Of by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.

Contents

Preface xiii

PLENARY LECTURES Address by Aad Nuis, State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science 1

Opening Address by Wessel Reinink, Chair of the Congress 5

The Play of Memory between Words and Images, by Lina Bolzoni 11

Concluding Remarks: Some Reflections on Tribal Gossip and other Metaphors, by Robert W. Scheller 19

Art History for the Millennium: The Theme of Time and the London Conference in the Year 2000, by Nigel Llewellyn 25

SECTION 1. THE MEMORY OF THE ART HISTORIAN Chair: Gerhard Wolf Deputy: Jeroen Boomgaard

Eurocentrism and Art History? Universal History and the Historiography of the Arts before Winckel­mann / Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann 35

The Fondo Cicognara in the Vatican Library: Inventing the Art Library of the Future / Philipp Fehl 43

The Art Historian as Simonides: The Importance of Antique Memory in the Art Library, from Warburg to the Present / Derick F.W Dreher 57

The Memory of the Painter: Delacroix's Journal/Michele Hannoosh 63

Das "Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte": Die Vermittlung kunsthistorischen Wissens als Anleitung zum asthetischen Urteil / Hubert Locher 69

The Archive's Silent Record: Anti-Semitism and the Formation of Aby Warburg's "Cultural Science" / Charlotte Schoell-Glass 89

Antal and his Critics: A Forgotten Chapter in the Historiography of the Italian Renaissance in the Twentieth Century / Deborah L. Krohn 95

The Private World of Malinche: New Issues in Mexican Art History / Rita Eder 101

Art History in South Africa: Past and Present / Alexander E. Duffey III

The History of Art Shaping Art? / Anca Oroveanu 123

vi Contents

Technische und rechtliche Aspekte der Verwaltung von Text - und Bildrechten / Gerhard Pfennig 131

Video, ergo sum? Die Kunstgeschichte der virtuellen Bilder zwischen Erinnerungs- und Projektions­technik / Karl Clausberg 137

SECTION 2: COLLECTING AND RECOLLECTING Chair: Neil MacGregor Deputy: Debora Meijers

The Military Gallery in the Winter Palace (The Hermitage): International Aspects of the National Memorial / GolinaAndreeva 151

Die profane WallfahrtssUitte: Gabriele D' Annunzios Vittoriale degli Italiani / Michael Groblewski 159

Le my the de la "Collection Desjardins" et la constitution d'une tradition artistique au Quebec / Laurier Lacroix 167

Between the Enlightenment and the Know-Nothings: William Poyntell (1756-1811), Early American Col­lector of Medieval Art / Elizabeth Bradford Smith 173

Ordnung im Gedachtnis: Alternative Uberlegungen zum funktionalen und theoretischen Kontext des friihneuzeitlichen Sammlungswesens im deutschsprachigen Raum / Lothar Schmitt 183

Collecting as Canon Formation: Art History and the Collection of Drawings in Early Modem Italy / Genevieve Warwick 191

The Places of Painting: The Survival of Mnemotechnics in Christian von Mechel's Gallery Arrangement in Vienna (1778-1781) / Debora 1. Meijers 205

Linked or Merged? Collecting and the Enduring Problem of Arranging Visual Information / Barbara M. Stafford 213

Collecting as Creation: Isabella Stewart Gardner's Fenway Court / Linda J. Docherty 217

Collecting, Connoisseurship, and the Vernacular / Richard Roth 223

SECTION 3: REPRODUCTION, SURVIVAL AND OBLIVION Chair: Jean Michel Massing Deputy: Ger Luyten

The Retrieval of Classical Architecture in the Quattrocento: The Role of Rhetoric in the Formulation of Alberti's Theory of Architecture / Caroline A. van Eck 231

Bildkonzepte der Verleumdung des Apelles / Ulrike Muller Hofstede & Kristine Patz 239

Out of Oblivion: The Laterfortuna critica of Titian's "St. Peter Martyr Altarpiece"/ Patricia Meilman 255

Contents vii

Correggios "Leda" - Ein verdrangtes Bild / Thomas Roske 265

A Question of Mentality: The Changed Appreciation of Thomas Murner's Logical Card Game (c.1500) / Manuel Stoffers & Pieter Thijs 275

Ekphrasis, Oubli et Memoire. Restitution du cycle pictural de la Chapelle Royale de Lisbonne / LUls de Moura Sobral 295

A Lost Work by a Forgotten Artist: Gerard de Lairesse's Stage Set "De Hofgallery" / Lyckle de Vries 301

Obsequies in Rome for Ferdinand VI of Spain, 1759/ John E. Moore 307

Giovan Pietro Bellori and the Loss and Restoration of (Ancient) Painting in Rome / Hetty Joyce 317

Kenotaphien auf dem Papier: Gedachtnislandschaften urn 1800 von Jean Koch, Jacob Wilhelm Mechau und Janus Genelli / Hilmar Frank 325

Das Grabmal des Porsenna: Rekonstruktionen eines Mythos vom 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert / Klaus Jan Philipp 335

SECTION 4: CULTS OF THE PAST Chair: Geza Haj6s Deputy: Nicole Ex

Cults of the Past / Geza Hajas 349

Rhodos zur Zeit der italienischen Besetzung (1912-1943): Die selektive Erinnerung und das manipulierte Denkmal/ Simona Martinoli & Eliana Perotti 353

From Oblivion to Eternity: The Chateau de Versailles and the Politics of Commemoration in the 1920s / Martin Perschler 363

Monuments, Politics and Society: Polish Experiences (1945-1995) / Adam Milobedzki 369

Cities as Texts: Urban Practices Represented or Forgotten in Art History / Anja Kervanto Nevanlinna 373

"Gothique" - "Moderne": Der Diskurs urn die Wiederherstellung des Domes zu Speyer nach der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts / Markus Weis 379

The Gothic Revival in France, 1830-1845: Victor Hugo's Notre-Dame de Paris: Popular Imagery, and a National Patrimony Discovered / Julie Lawrence Cochran 393

The Medieval Revival in Religious Building in Rome after the Unification of Italy / Gaetano Curzi 401

Eine verges sene Restaurierung: Die Hagia Sophia in Istanbul/Sabine Schluter 411

Transforming Ethics in Conservation: Change in the Care of Contemporary Art / John Scott 419

viii Contents

Uber den Vmgang mit Werken der Kunst / Carolin Bohlmann 427

Die Berliner Mauer: Ein verschwindendes Denkmal / Gabriele Dolff-Bonekiimper 433

An Object Manufactured for Exhibition at the Bottom of the Sea / Tag Gronberg 439

SECTION 5: THE ART OF COMMEMORATION Chair: Julian Gardner Deputy: Hugo van der Velden

Roman Commemorative Portraits: Women with the Attributes of Venus / Linda Maria Gigante 447

The Early Medieval Monastery as a Site of Commemoration and Place of Oblivion / John Mitchell 455

Vne nouvelle approche des tombeaux royaux de Santes Creus / Francesca Espaiiol 467

Private Tomb and Public Altar: The Origins of the "Mausoleum Choir" in Rome / Sible L. de Blaauw 475

Weltliches Bestattungsbrauchtum zwischen Mittelalter und Renaissance / Nicolas Bock 483

Les tombeaux de Pedro et Ines: la memoire sacralisee d'un amour clandestin / Francisco P. Macedo & Maria Jose Goulao 491

The Area of St. Dominic at Bologna / Serena Romano 499

The Bishop, the Young Lion and the Two-headed Dragon: The Burghersh Memorial in Lincoln Cathedral / Anne M. Morganstern 515

Public Fame or Private Remembrance? The Portrait Bust and Modes of Commemoration in Eighteenth­Century England / Malcolm Baker 527

Manipulating Memories: Postponed Tombs for Galileo and Machiavelli / Arjan R. de Koomen 537

Laugier's Plans for Saint-Denis: A Forerunner to Lenoir's Musee des Monuments Fran\ais? / Cecilia Hurley 545

Cemetery Politics in 19th-Century Paris: The Manipulation of Memorials, Memory and Mourning / Nadine A. Pantano 553

The "Monumentomania" of the Nineteenth Century: Causes, Effects and Problems of Study / Lars Berggren 561

The Hamburg Bismarck Monument as "Lighthouse of National Thought" / Karen Lang 567

Commemoration and the Politics of Iconoclasm: The Battle over "Les Statues Dreyfusardes", 1908-1910 / Neil McWilliam 581

Contents ix

Indian Ironies, or British Commemorative Sculpture and (Re )shaped Memory / Barbara Groseclose 587

SECTION 6: THE ART OF VENERATION Chair: Zehava Jacoby Co-chair: Truus van Bueren

Regeneration and the Legacy of Venus: Towards an Interpretation of Memory at Early Christian Gol­gotha / Wendy Pullan 595

Memory, Place, and Mission in Hieronymus Natalis' Evangelicce historice imagines / Walter S. Melion 603

La constitution d'un systeme devotionne1: Le maitre-autel de l' eglise de la maison professe des Jesuites de Paris au XV lIe siecle / Frederic Cousinie 609

"The Empty Throne" in Early Buddist Art and its Sacred Memory left Behind after the Emergence of the Buddha Image/ Kanoko Tanaka 619

Memory and Wonder: Our Lady Mary in Ethiopian Painting (15th-18th Centuries) / Tania C. Tribe 625

Petrus Christus' Our Lady of the Dry Tree. A Note on the Influence of the Veneration of Images on Early Netherlandish Painting / Hugo van der Velden 635

Veneration via Art: Images of Divine Kingship in the Chapel at Versailles / Martha Mel Edmunds 637

A Christian Romance: The Frescoes of San Galgano at Montesiepi / Anne Dunlop 643

The Fabrication of Sacred Memory: The Decoration of the Duomo and S. Maria Maggiore in Sixteenth­Century Bergamo / Giles Knox 653

The Escorial as an Example of the "New Architecture of the New Christian Antiquity": A Study in the Problem of Legitimation During the Spanish Renaissance / Koenraad van Cleempoel 663

Ornament as Veneration in Ancient Pueblo Art / Richard B. Wright 671

Saint Luis Beltran in Valencian Art and Pageantry / Kelie Erin Rylance 685

SECTION 7: VISUAL MEMORIES, 500-1500 Chair: Valentino Pace Deputy: Wendelien van We lie

The Memory Palace of Constantine Porphyrogenitus / Anthony Cutler 693

Cults Disrupted and Memories Recaptured: Events in the Life of the Icon of the Virgin Hodegetria in Constantinople / Barbara Zeitler 701

x Contents

La recuperation "dell' antico" dans la Bible de Charles V / Joaquin Yarza Luaces 709

Sculpture Aloft: The Forgotten Meanings of Memorial Sculpture on Church Roofs and Towers / Nurith Kenaan-Kedar 719

Auftraggeber und Nachbesitzer: Handanderungen mittelalterlicher Bilderhandschriften und deren Folgen fUr die Stifterbilder / Andreas Briim 727

Trying to Forget: The Lost Angevin Past of Italy / Caroline Bruzelius 735

Graffiti as a Medium for Memoria in the Early and High Middle Ages / Carola Jiiggi 745

Damnatio memoriae in the Medieval Sculpture of Southern Croatia / Igor Fiskovic 753

Remembering or Forgetting the Meaning of an Ornament? Trails of Antiquity in Early Byzantine Ornamen­tation / Julie Harboe 759

The Manipulated Memory: Thomas Becket in Legend and Art / Ursula Nilgen 765

Forging Monumental Memories in the Early Twelfth Century / Lawrence Nees 773

SECTION 8: MEMORIES AT WORK, 1500-1900 Chair: Elizabeth Cropper Deputy: Paul van den Akker

Memories at Work, 1500-1900: An Introduction / Elizabeth Cropper (Chair) 785

La memo ire de Raphael / Daniel Arasse 787

Out of Time: Ruins as Places of Remembering in Italian Painting ca. 1500/ Maria Fabricius Hansen 795

Memorizing the New: Using Recent Works as Models in Italian Renaissance Commissions / Michelle O'Malley 803

Remembered Lines / David Rosand 811

Drawing up Plans in the Mental Studio: A Mannerist Scenario for the Invention of Compositions / Paul van den Akker 817

Farcical Jan, Pier the Droll: Steen and the Memory of Bruegel/Marier Westermann 827

Hogarth's Visual Mnemotechnics: Notes on Abstraction as an aide-memoire for Figurative Painters / Giovanna Perini 837

The Pedagogy of Emancipation: Teachers and Students in Nineteenth-Century France / Marc Gotlieb 847

Contents xi

Italia and Hollandia: Conflicting Memories at Work in the Dutch Prix de Rome (1817-1851) / Jenny Reynaerts 855

Nothing Overlooked: The Studio of Eugene von Guerard / Candice Bruce 861

Oblivious to History: Gericault's Subversive Intent(sity) / Stefan A. Germer 875

From Memory to Oblivion: Manet and the Origins of Modernist Painting / Michael Fried 881

SECTION 9: OBLIVION IN MODERN ART Chair: Nancy 1. Troy Deputy: Jan de Vries

Modern Art and Oblivion: An Introduction / Nancy J. Troy 893

Destruction, oubli et memoire / Dario Gamboni 897

Curator's Memory: The Case of the Missing "Man of Marble", or the Rise and Fall of Socialist Realism in Poland / Katarzyna Murawska-Muthesius 905

Deadly Historians: Boltanski's Intervention in Holocaust Historiography / Ernst van Alphen 913

Archaeology of the Apocalypse: Cinema and Authoritarian Regimes in Argentina / David Oubiiia 919

Memory, Oblivion, and the "Invisibility" of Monuments / Hellmut Wohl 925

Paul Klee's Memory in Exile / Otto Karl Werckmeister 929

Robert Smithson's Suppressed "Pre-Conscious" Works: Intentionality and Art Historical (Re )construction / Caroline A. Jones 937

The Ambiguous Duality between Hero and Devil: Max Beckmann Reinvents Goethe's Faust in his Amster­dam Exile / Franc;oise Forster-Hahn 949

SECTION 10: CLOSED CIRCUITS? Chair: Jean-Hubert Martin Deputy: Kitty Zijlmans

Who is Afraid of Redskins, the Yellow Peril and Black Power? Introduction to the Section / Jean-Hubert Martin (Chair) 961

Recycling Memory in Urban Senegal/Allen F. Roberts 965

The Case of Latvian Art between 1940-1990 and After / Biruta Flood 975

xii Contents

Les Groupes 'in' et les artistes 'outsiders' de l'art brut / Sylvia Valdes 981

Pop Art and the Forgotten Codes of Camp / Joe A. Thomas 989

Le paradis artificiel: the Imagination of the Surrealist and "Schizophrenic" Author and Artist Unica Ztirn (1916-1970) / Marion de Zanger 997

Les demarches "appropriationnistes" de Sherrie Levine et d' Andre Raffray: Deux pratiques critiques de la construction de l'histoire de l'art "moderniste" et de ses oublis / Sylvie Coellier 1007

History and Memory in the Art of Gordon Bennett / Jeannette Hoorn 1013

Violence and the Aesthetics of Redemption / Charles Merewether 1019

Die Pendelbewegung des Ktinstlergedachtnisses: Selbst- und Werkreflexion in den Bildertafelkompendien von Beuys, Broodthaers und Richter / Julia Schmidt l025

Memory and Oblivion in Contemporary American Art: The Lesson of A rtfo rum / David Carrier 1039

Strategic Oblivion: 1970s Feminist Art in 1980s Art History / Amelia Jones 1043

SECTION 11: THE MODERN MEMORIAL: VICTORS AND VICTIMS OF WAR Chair: Stanislaus von Moos Deputy: Edward van Voolen

Memories of a Monument: The Competition for a Monument to the Unknown Political Prisoner, London 1953 - a Discussion of the Powers of Sculpture that Never Existed / Axel Lapp 1051

Picassos Massaker in Korea. Geschichte und Erinnerung in der Moderne / Hildegard Friibis 1059

Lenin in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction / Leah Dickerman 1067

The Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: Memory, Mourning and National Memorials / Helene Lipstadt 1075

Objects Left, Individuals Remembered: "Making Memory Real" at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial/ Harriet F. Senie 1085

Building the Unbui1dable; the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum / Naomi Miller 1091

Nothing to See: Private Mourning in Public Space / Shelley Hornstein 1103

LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS 1111 Chair: Gary Schwartz

Preface

These volumes contain the papers given at the XXIXth International Congress of the History of Art, held in Amsterdam, 1-7 September 1996. Most of them are preceded by their abstracts, which also appeared in the Final Programme of the Congress. We trust that those wishing to consult these Pro­ceedings feel supported by these summaries when finding their way in these volumes.

The International Congresses of the History of Art are held under the auspices of the Comite International d'Histoire de l' Art (CIHA). The pro­posal to host the XXIXth Congress in The Nether­lands was presented by the Dutch delegation in 1988. Five years later, in 1993, the International Committee gave their consent to the general theme: Memory & Oblivion. This turned out to be a felici­tous choice, given the place and time of the event, situated between the broader topics of the Berlin (Artistic Exchange; 1992) and London (Time; the year 2000) Congresses. The call for papers received an overwhelming response and provided ample choice for the international circle of chairpersons and their Dutch deputies, as they met for prepara­tion of the eleven sections in June 1995. This re­sulted in a much greater thematic consistency than had been hoped for. It was also in the interest of this consistency that many a good proposal for pa­pers regrettably had to be declined. This endeavour for thematic focus was, of course, explicitly not the result of a bias against discussion of non-Western art, let alone against proposals by non-Western scholars. There are various interesting contributions in these categories; however, it has become clear that an open attitude alone will not suffice to estab­lish the global platform CIHA has been striving for since the 1980s. Organizers of congresses to come should perhaps consider an active person-to-person approach as the most efficient way of bringing about real improvements in this respect.

During the sunny days of September 1996, nearly seven hundred colleagues gathered in the RAI Congress Centre. The official inauguration was performed by Aad Nuis, State Secretary for Educa-

W Reinink and J. Stumpel (Eds.), Memory & Oblivion xiii-xiv. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

tion, Culture and Science, with a lively speech (see p. 1). The Willem Breuker Kollektief gave the Opening Session an unexpected special atmosphere with its unorthodox music. After this official meeting, all participants and special guests were invited to the quays behind the RAI building and embarked on boats which took them along Amster­dam's canals, to the festive reception in the Old Church. Four days of sessions were devoted to the meetings of the eleven sections and the generallec­tures. Half-way through these sessions, the third day was given over to twelve excursions all over the Netherlands. During the evenings, Amsterdam mu­seums opened their doors especially for the partici­pants. Receptions were given by the Stedelijk and Van Gogh museums. At the closing session, Nigel Llewellyn, convener of "London 2000", was invited to give a preview of this next International Con­gress. Subsequently, all participants were taken by special trams to the Rijksmuseum for a farewell reception.

A special feature was the Poster Presentation - the first of its kind in the series of International Congresses - which could be visited throughout the event and could also be consulted on the Internet. (A list of poster presenters is also printed at the end of these Proceedings.) One hundred and forty-four colleagues presented their theses, queries and other material on exhibition boards in the upper lounge of the RAI Centre.

During, and directly after the event, satellite meetings were organized, such as those of the Visual Resources Association and the combined conference of the Dutch Foundation for Post-Aca­demic Art-Historical Research and the (Belgian) Association of Flemish Art Historians. In addition, CIHA's General Assembly and Bureau each met twice.

Finally, a short remark on this publication. In the Final Programme it was stated that all par­ticipants would receive a CD-ROM containing the Proceedings. For publishing reasons it was decided, however, to publish the Proceedings in book form

xiv Preface

only and to have these books, instead of the CD­ROMs, shipped to the participants of the Congress. As a result of this decision, and in combination with other circumstances, the date of publication has been much later than was planned. Both publisher and editors extend their apologies, especially to the con­tributors who may have relied on a much earlier publication of their texts and who have shown so much undeserved patience.

Acknowledgements

The Congress was financially supported by the City Council of Amsterdam, the Conseil International de la Philo sophie et des Sciences Humaines

(CIPSH), the Ten Doesschate Buisman Group/ Antiquair van Rossum & Co., Erasmus Booksellers, The Getty Grant Program, the Van Gogh Museum, the Ministry for Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Mia Raaijmakers­Aarts, the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, the University of Amsterdam, and Waanders Publishers, Printers and Booksellers. Special thanks are due to the Prins Bernhard Fonds and Utrecht University who have given generous support for this publication.

The Editors