mena youth employment in the private sector...employability and job creation in the private sector...

MENA YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR2019 Survey – Results (Second annual survey)

February 2020

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Similarly, our industry is very competitive. We view our approaches and insights as proprietary and therefore look to our clients to protect our interests in our proposals, presentations, methodologies and analytical techniques. Under no circumstances should this material be shared with any third party without the prior written consent of Oliver Wyman.

© Oliver Wyman

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01 02 03 04Introduction Survey and focus groups

outcome summary Key insights deep dive Appendix

MENA resultsRegion- and country- level deep dives

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1

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8© Oliver Wyman

THE SURVEY TAKES A LOOK AHEAD INTO THE FUTURE OF MENA’S PRIVATE SECTOR BY CAPTURING ITS YOUTH’S OPINION

Purpose Approach

While the private sector has grown significantly over the last years. The public sector remains a dominant player in many MENA economies.

However, a strong private sector is required to meet the labor market demands of MENA’s fast growing and youthful population.

It is critical to capture youth’s perception and understand their needs in order to shape the private sector of the future.

The survey aims to derive insights upon which key ecosystem stakeholders and decision-makers (government, private sector, NGOs, education institutions..) can act to best equip youth for the ever-changing job market.

Over December 2019, Oliver Wyman and INJAZ surveyed 2,400+ youth across 17 countries in the MENA region, following a four-step approach:

DESIGN

Re-design survey questions based on 2019 survey outcome/youth feedback

DEPLOY

Share survey link through distribution channels (Social media, INJAZ network, email, WhatsApp)

ANALYZE

Analyze survey results and extract key findings and insights

VALIDATE

Hold workshops in 6 countries with private sector and educational institution representatives

1 2 3 4

FOR THE SECOND YEAR, OLIVER WYMAN, IN COLLABORATION WITH INJAZ, SURVEYED YOUTH ABOUT EMPLOYMENT IN THE MENA PRIVATE SECTOR

2018 SurveyMENA Youth employment in the Private Sector

2019 SurveyMENA Youth employment in the Private Sector

Focus of this document

6© Oliver Wyman

OLIVER WYMAN IS A GLOBAL MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FIRM WITH OVER 20 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Industry knowledge

More than 30 years of experience in consulting with leading companies

Capabilities

Broad expertise in functional areas, with 400 partners worldwide

• Automotive

• Aviation, Aerospace & Defense

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• Communication, Media & Technology

• Distribution & Wholesale

• Educational

• Energy

• Financial Services

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• Industrial Products

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• Sustainability Center

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• Operations

• Oliver Wyman Labs

• Organizational Effectiveness

• Pricing, Sales and Marketing

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• Strategy

++ Brand strategy and design

Economic advice on competition, regulation and litigation

Oliver Wyman Group is part of Marsh & McLennan Companies, the NYSE traded $17 BN+ global professional services firm 5,000+

Colleagues

US$2 BN Revenue (2018)

30 countries

60+ offices

Founded 1984

7© Oliver Wyman

INJAZ PROVIDES VARIOUS TRAINING PROGRAMS TO MENA’S YOUTH TO PROMOTE EMPLOYABILITY AND JOB CREATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

3.5 M+ students

INJAZ continues to inspire and prepare a generation of Arab youth to utilize their natural talent, inspiration, and passions to become the leaders of tomorrow.

By offering relevant training, mentorship and networking programs, INJAZ strives to accelerate Arab youth’s ability to contribute to the economic development of their nations and regions as entrepreneurs and business leaders of their communities.

INJAZ’s focal areas of education comprise workforce readiness, financial literacy andentrepreneurship.

With a network of 13 ministries of education, over 4,000 schools, 346 universities and 80,000+ corporate volunteers, INJAZ aims to equip the youth with the skills demanded by the private sector to foster employability and job creation.

Since 1999, more than 3.5 million students have completed INJAZ programs across the MENA region.

4,213schools

88,000volunteers

346universities

400+ private sector partners

13 Ministry of Education partnerships

13 Member Nations

8© Oliver Wyman

THE SURVEY TAKES A LOOK AHEAD INTO THE FUTURE OF MENA’S PRIVATE SECTOR BY CAPTURING ITS YOUTH’S OPINION

Purpose Approach

While the private sector has grown significantly over the last years. The public sector remains a dominant player in many MENA economies.

However, a strong private sector is required to meet the labor market demands of MENA’s fast growing and youthful population.

It is critical to capture youth’s perception and understand their needs in order to shape the private sector of the future.

The survey aims to derive insights upon which key ecosystem stakeholders and decision-makers (government, private sector, NGOs, education institutions..) can act to best equip youth for the ever-changing job market.

Over December 2019, Oliver Wyman and INJAZ surveyed 2,400+ youth, following a four-step approach:

DESIGN

Re-design survey questions based on 2019 survey outcome/youth feedback

DEPLOY

Share survey link through distribution channels (Social media, INJAZ network, email, WhatsApp)

ANALYZE

Analyze survey results and extract key findings and insights

VALIDATE

Hold workshops in 6 countries with private sector and educational institution representatives

1 2 3 4

9© Oliver Wyman

THE SURVEY REPRESENTS YOUTH’S OPINION ACROSS 17 MENA COUNTRIES

Comprised of 17 questions covering five main topics

□ Perception of the private sector

□ Future employment preferences

□ Industries driving private sector growth

□ Perceived importance and proficiency of skills

□ Lifelong learning enablers

Arabian Peninsula

KSA

Kuwait

UAE

Qatar

Bahrain

Oman

Yemen

Levant

Lebanon

Syria

Palestine

Jordan

Iraq

North Africa

Algeria

Libya

Egypt

Morocco

Tunisia

Distributed to 17 countries across 3 regions

10© Oliver Wyman

2,420 respondents

Male

Female

46%

54%

22-24

16-18

19-21 27%

25-36

30%

16%

26%

Gender

Age

OccupationPublic sector employee

Student 62%

Non-profit sector employee

Private sector employee

Self-employed

Unemployed

16%

4%

2%

5%

11%

MORE THAN 2400 YOUTH AGED 16-36 COMPLETED THE SURVEY

Students formed the largest group of respondents

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WE ALSO CONDUCTED FOCUS GROUPS IN SIX COUNTRIES TO CAPTURE THE PERCEPTION OF PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYERS REGARDING YOUTH EMPLOYMENT

Six focus groups

Bahrain Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Qatar UAE

We would like to thank all the organizations that participated in our focus groups

American Creativity Academy

American University of Beirut

Ametys

Attijariwafa Bank

Bank Audi

Bank of America Merrill Lynch

Batelco

Beyond Borders Consultancy

Beyond Reform & Development

Boursa Kuwait

Brinc Batelco IoT Hub

Burgan Bank

Carnegie Mellon University

Citibank

Filovault Crypta

DELL

Dubai Startup Hub

Emirates

ExxonMobil

Faith Capital

Fattal

FedEx

Floward

Gulf Bank

University of Hassan II

Holdal Group

HSBC

ibTECHar

INSEAD Abu Dhabi

JPMorgan Chase

Lebanese American University

Markaz

Ministry of Education

Mohammed V University

Murex

Nareva Holding

National Bank of Kuwait

Newton International School

Qatar Career Development Center

Qatar Science & Technology Park

Reef Twist

Royal University for Women

Saint Joseph University

SEIB Insurance

Spinneys

Startup Factory

Tamkeen

Texas A&M University

University of Bahrain

University of Balamand

VEND Station

World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE)

World Learning

Zain

SURVEY AND FOCUS GROUPS OUTCOME SUMMARY

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Positive opinion of the private sector is gaining popularity among youth despite the skills gap and other obstacles they are facing

79% of youth feel positively about the private sector’s contribution to the economy

41% increase from 2018

10% of youth in medium-to-low income countries do not have a positive opinion about the private sector

43% higher than the MENA average

75% of youth expect the private sector to grow in the next 5 years

11% decrease from 2018

55% of youth are discouraged from working in the private sector due to the perceived lack of opportunities and uncompetitive benefits


50% of youth perceive prevalence of ‘wasta’ as the primary obstacle in seeking private sector employment

Perceived prevalence of ‘wasta’ is strongest in Levant (58%)

78% of youth see themselves working for a private sector company in thenear future

Multinational companies are youth’s favored employers (37%)

84% of youth express that they aspire to start their own entrepreneurial venture in the near future

Entrepreneurial mindset is strongest in North Africa (87%)

53% Youth believe they are not proficient enough in coding and business knowledge

KEY INSIGHTS

of youth perceive leadership, creativity, and communication as the most important skills for the private sector

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Focus group participants emphasize that synergistic cooperation among multiple stakeholders is indispensable for tackling youth employment

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KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM FOCUS GROUPS

Educational establishments

Partner with the private sector players to:

• Introduce early intervention programs to embed the entrepreneurial mindset in youth at an elementary level

• Design flexible curricula that reflect market requirements and emerging technologies

• Expose youth to the private sector environment through job shadowing programs and obligatory internships

• Provide early-stage career guidance to raise awareness and provide direction towards potential career opportunities

Government

• Regulate workforce nationalization and/or localization

• Partner with private sector actors to revamp public education curricula and training systems

• Provide tax breaks for employers that reimburse employee tuitions

• Increase the financial support available to local SMEs

• Provide attractive FDI conditions (ease of doing business, quality infrastructure, credit support..)

Private sector

• Invest in skilling, upskilling, and reskilling employees through in-house trainings and financial aid for self-learning programs

• Build internships or cooperative degree programs with educational players

• Increase attractiveness of job offering to youth (E.g. Flexible hours, remote work)

KEY INSIGHTS DEEP DIVE

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If [businesses are] not listening to the youth, they are not listening to their future competitors, employees, or customers.

Wadia Ait HamzaHead of Global Shapers at the World Economic Forum

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POSITIVE OPINION ABOUT THE PRIVATE SECTOR IS GAINING POPULARITY AMONG YOUTH

79%of MENA’s youth feel positively about the private sector’s contribution to the economy


79%

56%

14%

29%

7%

15%

2019

2018

Positive Neutral Negative

(+23%) (-15%) (-8%)

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HOWEVER, THERE REMAINS SOME NEGATIVE SENTIMENT AMONG YOUTH IN MENA COUNTRIES WITH MEDIUM TO LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STANDING1

1. Source: World Bank “World Development Report”, 2019

10% of youth in medium-to-low income countries have a negative opinion of the private sector.

A figure 43% higher than the MENA average

Negative opinion (% of youth)

5%Morocco

9%Algeria

4%Tunisia

12%Libya

8%Egypt

7%Palestine

23%Lebanon

16%Syria

6%Yemen

4%KSA

6%UAE

3%Oman

16%Iraq

6%Jordan

3%Bahrain

3%Qatar

5%Kuwait

High-income countries3% average

Medium-low income countries10% average

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75% of MENA youth expect the private sector to grow in the next 5 years

11% decrease from 2018

OUTLOOK TOWARDS THE SECTOR’S GROWTH IS STILL POPULAR, HOWEVER DECREASED FROM LAST YEAR

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YOUTH BELIEVE THAT INDUSTRIALS AND ENERGY & UTILITIES INDUSTRIES HAVE THE MOST OPPORTUNITY FOR GROWTH OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Which industries do you believe have the most potential to be beneficial for the growth of the private sector in your country?

North Africa Levant Gulf

37%

37%

24%

28%

23%

34%

19%

26%

18%

19%

13%

12%

18%

27%

29%

30%

34%

25%

32%

22%

20%

19%

13%

11%

19%

35%

18%

15%

26%

36%

28%

13%

34%

28%

32%

21%

Transport & Logistics

Education

Industrials

Energy & Utilities 33%

Wholesale & Retail Trade

Media & Creative Industries

Information & Communication

Agriculture, Forestry, & Mining

Hospitality, Food, Leisure Travel

Healthcare

19%Professional & Financial Services

Real Estate Services

36%

28%

28%

27%

19%

27%

27%

20%

14%

13%

MENA

>=50% >=25% <25%

Additionally, there is evident positive outlook towards the media, communication, agriculture, education, and hospitality industries

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option

23© Oliver Wyman

EMPLOYERS DESCRIBE YOUNG EMPLOYEES AS ADAPTIVE LEARNERS WHO SEEKEARLY-STAGE RESPONSIBILITY IN A FLEXIBLE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Key focus group themes surrounding “the modern-day employee”

As employers, we need to shift our mindset and be ready to meet youth’s expectations. They will jump from one job to the other if they are not kept interested.

- North Africa focus group participant

+

-

Freq

uen

cy o

f o

ccu

rren

ce in

dis

cuss

ion

Flexible

“They seek a great deal of flexibility and responsibility early in their working lives”

Adaptive learners

“Youth instinctively adapt to their working environment and can learn fast on-the-go”

Growth-driven

“Youth want employers to invest in their skill development and career advancement”

Less loyal

“They display less loyalty towards the employer and perceive jobs as transactional relationships”

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MENA YOUTH ARE CHARACTERIZED BY A STRONG ENTREPRENEURIAL DRIVE

84% of MENA youth aspire to start an entrepreneurial venture in the future

Entrepreneurship seems the current fashionable path for students; but they lack knowledge about the creation of a business. This is where organizations like INJAZ intervene to foster a healthy and pragmatic entrepreneurial mindset in youth.

- Gulf focus group participant

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EVEN YOUTH WHO ARE NOT VERY HOPEFUL ABOUT THE GROWTH OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR ASPIRE TO PARTAKE IN IT AS AN EMPLOYEE OR ENTREPRENEUR

Of youth who do not expect the private sector to grow in the next 5 years..

21%

want to work for a government entity

65%

aspire to start an entrepreneurial

venture

A lot of youth want to work in the private sector because they see it as more innovative and offers more growth opportunities.


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YOUTH’S EMPLOYER PREFERENCES VARY ACROSS REGIONS

Which type of employer(s) do you see yourself working for in the near future in your country?

20%

Start-upsMultinationalcompanies

Large localcompanies

Small-to-medium enterprises

40%

Government / Public sector

36%

Family businesses

31%

41%

24%

27% 27% 28%

36%34%

30%

27%25%

15%

11%10%12%

North Africa GulfLevant

MENA average


37% 32% 30% 28% 22% 11%

Gulf inclined towards large local companies

Levant inclined towards multinationals

North Africa inclined towards start-ups

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YET MENA YOUTH ARE DISCOURAGED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR JOB OFFERING

In your opinion, what are the factors that may discourage youth from working in the private sector?


Youth are not aware of what opportunities are there and they are afraid to market themselves, especially to the private sector that, to them, requires long hours and deep commitment.


45%

37%

32%

64%

Long working hours

Uncompetitive compensation and benefits

Lack of job security

Lack of the years of experience required by the job

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YOUTH WHO SEEK PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYMENT FACE NUMEROUS BARRIERS TO ENTRY, NAMELY THE LACK OF YEARS OF EXPERIENCE REQUIRED

In your opinion, what are the challenges/obstacles facing youth who want to work in the private sector?


Some companies would choose an experienced foreigner over a local fresh graduate because the former is more cost-effective.


50%

31%

29%

52%

13%

28%

Private companies prefer foreign talent over local ones

Prevalence of ‘wasta’ and personal connections

Lack of knowledge about the available job opportunities


Family prefers that he/she works in the public sector

Lack of the skillset required by the job

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‘WASTA’ REMAINS A CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC AMONG YOUTH RESPONDENTS AND PRIVATE SECTOR REPRESENTATIVES

Key focus group themes surrounding ‘wasta’

MERIT TRUMPS ‘WASTA’ ‘WASTA’ AS AN EXCUSE ‘WASTA’ VS. NETWORKING

Wasta’ was more common in the past; but in today’s world, merit prevails over connections

Employers are prioritizing motivated, productive, and skilled employees over favoritism

‘Wasta’ is turning into an excuse and sign of laziness among future talent

They use ‘wasta’ to either justify why they are not seeking a job in the private sector or why they did not land a certain job

Youth often misperceive networking as ‘wasta’

There should be more awareness campaigns and opportunities that expose them to networking

Networking opens doors and is available to all

30© Oliver Wyman

YOUTH POINT OUT TWO SKILLS FOR THE FUTURE THAT THEY BELIEVE ARE IMPORTANT TO EMPLOYERS BUT THEY ARE NOT PROFICIENT IN ENOUGH

Of the below skills..

Development(coding, web..)

Leadership &responsibility

Creativity &innovation

Communication

Businessknowledge

Flexibility &adaptability

Self-efficacy

Languages

Analytical &quantitative

54%

53%

52%

48%

41%

34%

31%

30%

29%

59%

28%

35%

52%

61%

52%

16%

33%

34%

..which do you think are most important to private sector employers?

..which do you believe you are very proficient or somewhat proficient in?

Perceived skills gap

>=50% >=25% <25%


Youth are racing against the tech industry.. it’s rapidly changing. Unlike in places like the UK, most curriculums in the region have not yet introduced coding classes. Coding should become their third language.

- Levant focus group participant

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MENA YOUTH HAVE A STRONG GROWTH MINDSET YET EXPECT STAKEHOLDERS TO COLLABORATE IN ADOPTING A UBIQUTIOUS APPROACH TO LIFELONG LEARNING

Which factors can play a key role in enabling lifelong learning in your country?


Government Educators Private sector employers

Constant knowledge about opportunities for skills development (53%)

Financial relief for completing skills development workshops & courses (47%)

Integration with employers to match taught skills with market requirements (47%)

Accessible high-quality career guidance counselling (37%)

Increased offerings of on-the-job learning and training programs (46%)

APPENDIXMENA resultsRegion- and country- level deep dives

4

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# Question4.2

Region-level

4.3 Country-level

North Africa LevantArabian

Peninsula

1 To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I have a positive opinion about the private sector’s contribution to my country’s economy”

2 To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I expect the private sector in my country to grow in the next 5 years”

3 Which type of employer do you see yourself working for in the near future?

4 To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I aspire to start an entrepreneurial venture in my country in the future”

5 Which industries do you believe have the most potential to be beneficial for the growth of the private sector in your country?

6 In your opinion, what are the factors that may discourage youth from working in the private sector?

7 In your opinion, what are the challenges/obstacles facing youth who want to work in the private sector?

8 In your opinion, what are the most important skills that private sector employers in your country are looking for?

9 In your opinion, which of the below skills do you believe you are very proficient or somewhat proficient in?

10 To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “My current education and skills need to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements”

11 Of the below, which factors can play a key role in enabling lifelong learning in your country?

APPENDIX NAVIGATOR

SURVEY RESULTS | MENA

4.1

35© Oliver Wyman

Neutral

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

Agree

14%

Disagree

37%

42%

5%

2%

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAPositive opinions of the private sector are more than tenfold the number of negative opinions

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I have a positive opinion about the private sector’s contribution to my country’s economy”

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results may not sum to 100 due to rounding

36© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAThe majority of youth expect the private sector to grow in the next 5 years

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I expect the private sector in my country to grow in the next 5 years”

32%Strongly agree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly disagree

Disagree

43%

17%

6%

2%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


37© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAMultinational companies are youth’s most popular choice of a private sector employer

Which type of employer do you see yourself working for in the near future?

32%

Large local companies

37%Multinational companies

Start-ups


Small-to-medium enterprises

Family businesses

30%

28%

22%

11%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


38© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAMENA youth exhibit a strong entrepreneurial mindset, with more than half aspiring to start a venture in their respective countries

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “I aspire to start an entrepreneurial venture in my country in the future”

Strongly agree

Agree

12%

33%

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

51%

3%

1%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


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SURVEY RESULTS | MENAMENA youth believe that the industrials, energy and utilities industries will be the most beneficial for the growth of the private sector


Energy & Utilities


Industrials



19%


Healthcare

Education


Professional & Financial Services



Other

36%

33%

28%

28%

27%

3%

27%

27%

20%

19%

14%

13%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


40© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAYouth perceive the private sector as lacking opportunities for fresh graduates; and those who still seek a job lack the required experience and face issues of ‘wasta’




Lack of opportunities for fresh graduates

Uncompetitive compensation and benefits

42%

Long working hours

44%

Other

59%

37%

3%

Existing private companies prefer foreign talent over local ones

Prevalence of ‘wasta’ and personal connections


None

Shortage of job opportunities

Lack of the skillset required by the job

Lack of knowledge about the available job opportunities


Other

52%

50%

48%

31%

29%

1%

28%

13%

1%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


41© Oliver Wyman

Pe

rce

ive

d p

rofi

cie

ncy

(%

sh

are

of

resp

on

de

nts

)

Self-efficacy

Perceived importance (% share of respondents)


Communication


Analytical &quantitativethinking

Flexibility & adaptability

Development (coding, web..)

Business knowledge

Languages

If we combine the views of MENA youth on which skills they perceive as important, and which they are good at, it is possible to identify perceived skills gaps for the future.

In particular, two skills stand out that MENA youth believe are very important for the future, but in which they believe they are not proficient: development (programming, coding, web design..) and business knowledge.

Low High

Low

Hig

h

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAYouth believe that they are not proficient enough in coding and web development skills and business knowledge

Perceived skills gap matrix

Back to navigator

42© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAMENA youth exhibit a strong growth mindset, agreeing that their education and skills need to be updated to adapt to ever-changing market requirements

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “My current education and skills need to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements”

59%

30%

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Neutral

Strongly disagree

9%

2%

0%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


43© Oliver Wyman

SURVEY RESULTS | MENAMENA youth expect stakeholders to collaborate in adopting a ubiquitous approach to lifelong learning

Of the below, which factors can play a key role in enabling lifelong learning in your country?

Integration between educators &employers to match taught skills

w/ market requirements

Constant knowledge aboutopportunities

for skills development

47%Financial relief for completing

skills developmentworkshops & courses

53%

Increased offerings of on-the-joblearning & training programs

Accessible high-qualitycareer guidance counselling

37%

47%

47%

Other 1%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


DEEP DIVE | REGION-LEVEL

4.2

45© Oliver Wyman



42%Agree

Strongly agree 37%

Disagree

2%

Neutral 14%

Strongly disagree

5%

NORTH AFRICA LEVANT GULFMENA

37%

44%

12%

2%

5%

4%

16%

28%

42%

9%

37%

43%

16%

3%

0%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


46© Oliver Wyman



Strongly disagree

Strongly agree

Neutral

Agree

Disagree

32%

43%

17%

6%

2%

NORTH AFRICA LEVANTMENA

36%

46%

12%

5%

1%

20%

5%

40%

26%

10%

16%

3%

39%

42%

0%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


GULF

47© Oliver Wyman



Multinational companies

32%

30%Large localcompanies


Start-ups

Small-to-mediumenterprises

Family businesses

28%

11%

37%

22%


27%

29%

41%

40%

10%

15%

37%

27%

24%

28%

20%

11%

25%

34%

27%

36%

31%

12%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


GULF

48© Oliver Wyman



12%Neutral

Strongly disagree

33%

Strongly agree 51%

Agree

Disagree 3%

1%


9%

30%

58%

2%

1%

39%

38%

14%

6%

2%

32%

49%

15%

2%

1%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


GULF

49© Oliver Wyman




3%

34%

24%

19%

37%

37%

18%

28%

12%

23%

13%

26%

19%

22%

34%

25%

20%

18%

29%

30%

32%

13%

27%

11%

19%

2%

18%

34%

26%

36%

35%

28%

19%

28%

13%

32%

15%

21%

2%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Energy & Utilities

19%

36%

Education


Industrials



3%


Healthcare


28%


28%



Other

27%

33%

20%

19%

27%

14%

27%

13%


GULF

50© Oliver Wyman



Long workinghours


Uncompetitivecompensation

and benefits

37%

44%

Other

Lack ofopportunities

for fresh graduates59%

42%

3%


45%

32%

63%

37%

3%

34%

42%

3%

61%

44%

43%

46%

50%

47%

3%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


GULF

51© Oliver Wyman



Other

Lack of the skillsetrequired by the job


28%

Existing privatecompanies prefer

foreign talentover local ones

Lack of the years ofexperience required

by the job

Prevalence of ‘wasta’ and

personal connections


Lack of knowledgeabout the available

job opportunities

52%

48%

29%

31%

50%

13%

1%


45%

50%

27%

51%

42%

1%

26%

14%

27%

57%

58%

53%

20%

21%

10%

1%

30%

15%

51%

41%

49%

2%

40%

25%

I

>=50% >=25% <25%

Back to navigator


GULF

52© Oliver Wyman


In your opinion, what are the most important skills that private sector employers in your country are looking for?

53%


30%


Communication

Creativity& innovation

54%

Businessknowledge

52%


thinking


Self-efficacy

Languages

34%

Other

29%

41%

31%

48%

2%


27%

57%

43%

2%

59%

55%

30%

36%

30%

52%

27%

32%

45%

46%

30%

48%

30%

36%

45%

2%

56%

32%

35%

49%

41%

59%

34%

30%

42%

1%

>=50% >=25% <25%

Back to navigator


GULF

53© Oliver Wyman


In your opinion, which of the below skills do you believe you are very proficient or somewhat proficient in?

33%Self-efficacy



1%

Communication

52%


Creativity& innovation


thinking

Businessknowledge

Languages

28%

Other

59%

61%

52%

34%

16%

35%


14%

62%

52%

23%

58%

34%

50%

28%

38%

2%

33%

62%

58%

42%

14%

27%

31%

53%

37%

1%

54%

66%

37%

62%

51%

34%

36%

19%

33%

1%

>=50% >=25% <25%

Back to navigator


GULF

54© Oliver Wyman


59%

30%

Strongly agree

Strongly disagree

Agree

9%Neutral

Disagree 2%

0%


6%

65%

27%

2%

0%

57%

1%

32%

1%

9%

2%

31%

53%

0%

14%

>=50% >=25% <25%

Back to navigator


GULF


55© Oliver Wyman



Constant knowledgeabout opportunities

for skillsdevelopment

47%

Integration betweeneducators &

employers to matchtaught skills w/ market

requirements

Financial relief for completing skills

development workshops& courses

Accessiblehigh-quality

career guidancecounselling

Increased offeringsof on-the-job

learning &training programs

Other

53%

37%

47%

47%

1%


1%

40%

49%

44%

52%

53%

53%

47%

31%

47%

44%

2%

58%

37%

39%

48%

1%

43%

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


GULF

DEEP DIVE | COUNTRY-LEVEL

4.3

57© Oliver Wyman

To what extent do you agree with the following statement:

I have a positive opinion about the private sector’s contribution to my country’s economy

58© Oliver Wyman

North Africa



Disagree

35%Agree

Strongly agree

Neutral

Strongly disagree

7%

49%

7%

2%

EGYPT* LIBYA* MOROCCOALGERIA

5%

32%

40%

21%

2% 3%

63%

20%

5%

10%

1%

39%

46%

4%

10%

1%

44%

35%

3%

17%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results may not sum to 100 due to rounding; *Error margin may exceed 10% due to a limited sample size

59© Oliver Wyman

Levant



Strongly agree

Neutral

Agree 39%

Disagree

5%Strongly disagree

8%

37%

11%

JORDAN LEBANON PALESTINEIRAQ*

24%

44%

4%

25%

2%

21%

12%

43%

11%

13% 16%

29%

5%

48%

2%

16%

29%

19%

35%

0%

SYRIA*

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


60© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula



33%

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Neutral 18%

Strongly disagree

46%

0%

3%

KUWAIT OMAN QATARBAHRAIN

27%

42%

26%

5%

0% 1%

41%

48%

2%

8%

34%

42%

20%

2%

1%

41%

1%

44%

11%

3%

SAUDI

32%

49%

6%

14%

0%

UAE

44%

45%

6%

4%

1%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


61© Oliver Wyman


I expect the private sector in my country to grow in the next 5 years

62© Oliver Wyman



49%

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly agree 34%

11%

5%

1%

MOROCCOALGERIA

30%

9%

42%

18%

1% 0%

46%

41%

2%

10%

4%

39%

47%

1%

9%

5%

0%

38%

13%

44%

TUNISIA

North AfricaBack to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

63© Oliver Wyman

Levant



34%

Strongly agree

Agree

26%

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

26%

8%

5%

24%

16%

11%

48%

1%

36%

19%

11%

17%

17%

21%

45%

24%

9%

1%

26%

3%

52%

19%

0%

JORDAN LEBANON PALESTINE

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

64© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula



43%Strongly agree

Disagree

Agree 41%

Neutral

Strongly disagree

12%

4%

0%


42%

3%

37%

18%

0%

42%

37%

19%

1%

1% 0%

0%

41%

43%

16%

4%

13%

47%

36%

1%

SAUDI

0%

17%

47%

31%

6%

UAE

1%

43%

22%

24%

10%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


65© Oliver Wyman


66© Oliver Wyman



50%

35%

21%

Start-ups


Multinationalcompanies


Government /Public sector

Family businesses

23%

10%

46%

MOROCCOALGERIA

28%

34%

18%

22%

7%

46%

32%

34%

17%

15%

46%

15%

31%

37%

25%

26%

11%

15%

4%

39%

37%

26%

37%

11%

TUNISIA

North AfricaBack to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results do not sum to 100 as respondents can choose more than one option; *Error margin may exceed 10% due to a limited sample size

EGYPT* LIBYA*

67© Oliver Wyman

Levant



29%

29%Small-to-medium

enterprises

Start-ups




Family businesses

34%

11%

24%

34% 31%

24%

16%

29%

22%

12%

28%

26%

11%

32%

10%

64%

10%

23%

28%

25%

30%

17%

19%

26%

16%

26%

6%

39%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

68© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula




12%


Family businesses

Start-ups

22%



24%

41%

27%

48%


23%

29%

36%

29%

17%

26%

36%

28%

31%

7%

14%

39%

22%

34%

16%

39%

34%

14%

30%

49%

25%

30%

14%

32%

SAUDI

12%

21%

32%

24%

25%

50%

UAE

28%

23%

11%

30%

19%

34%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


69© Oliver Wyman


I aspire to start an entrepreneurial venture in my country in the future

70© Oliver Wyman



North Africa

25%

Neutral

Strongly disagree

64%Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

8%

2%

0%

MOROCCOALGERIA

24%

57%

10%

6%

2%

23%

0%

68%

8%

3%

37%

2%

48%

12%

1% 0%

55%

38%

6%

1%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

71© Oliver Wyman

Levant



Neutral

45%Agree

11%

Strongly agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

42%

3%

0% 2%

39%

37%

21%

1% 16%

28%

35%

16%

5%

49%

2%

40%

9%

1%

32%

3%

10%

39%

16%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

72© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula



Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

26%

Disagree

Strongly disagree

55%

18%

0%

1%


33%

35%

24%

4%

5% 0%

1%

54%

37%

9%

47%

0%

35%

15%

3%

14%

56%

1%

25%

4%

SAUDI

11%

36%

48%

3%

2%

UAE

4%

66%

20%

10%

1%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


74© Oliver Wyman



North Africa

Industrials


Information &Communication

Education

Energy & Utilities

Other

Transport &Logistics

Healthcare


Wholesale &Retail Trade

Hospitality, Food,Leisure Travel



53%

14%

39%

45%

21%

24%

30%

5%

25%

20%

21%

37%

13%

MOROCCOALGERIA

38%

26%

24%

28%

47%

28%

37%

26%

9%

26%

21%

24%

6%

30%

35%

55%

30%

43%

30%

28%

15%

0%

25%

23%

20%

20%

25%

25%

25%

21%

18%

18%

16%

19%

10%

25%

11%

15%

4%

6%

20%

15%

39%

38%

11%

14%

28%

31%

20%

6%

27%

1%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

75© Oliver Wyman

Levant



13%

Industrials


16%

Other


Education

Healthcare

32%

34%Energy & Utilities

3%







42%

63%

21%

34%

29%

16%

42%

16%

14%

41%

28%

22%

14%

29%

19%

25%

10%

2%

28%

10%

16%

35%

28%

32%

30%

32%

29%

36%

23%

16%

37%

12%

28%

3%

17%

31%

27%

25%

18%

15%

29%

14%

14%

16%

10%

17%

2%

19%

23%

19%

61%

39%

10%

19%

32%

10%

16%

6%

10%

0%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

76© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula




17%

Industrials


Healthcare

Energy & Utilities



Education




39%


Other

9%

43%

28%

19%

40%

14%

31%

19%

32%

33%

1%


22%

31%

27%

16%

24%

36%

21%

37%

22%

30%

10%

22%

4%

19%

29%

39%

32%

23%

38%

29%

10%

9%

26%

12%

7%

1%

31%

15%

40%

30%

20%

42%

35%

27%

7%

28%

1%

10%

19%

40%

13%

46%

36%

30%

23%

40%

23%

33%

16%

19%

30%

4%

SAUDI

25%

18%

21%

16%

39%

31%

24%

28%

1%

23%

34%

12%

21%

UAE

16%

23%

45%

34%

19%

36%

16%

19%

26%

22%

13%

4%

13%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


78© Oliver Wyman

North Africa




Uncompetitivecompensation &

benefits

Long workinghours

71%Lack of

opportunities for fresh graduates

42%

Other

26%

41%

5%

MOROCCOALGERIA

60%

51%

54%

7%

37%

33%

38%

18%

0%

68%

36%

38%

44%

4%

48%

54%

1%

72%

33%

21%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

79© Oliver Wyman

Levant



32%


benefits

53%

Long workinghours

Lack ofopportunities for

fresh graduates

Other


55%

53%

0%

46%

39%

35%

50%

3%

36%

39%

54%

70%

3%

62%

40%

34%

40%

3% 0%

29%

26%

74%

39%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

80© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula




benefits35%

Other

Long workinghours

Lack ofopportunities for

fresh graduates

50%


52%

51%

3%


43%

42%

3%

49%

39%

56%

37%

39%

40%

3%

47%

39%

50%

50%

2%

58%

49%

46%

60%

2%

SAUDI

42%

50%

50%

40%

6%

UAE

45%

1%

65%

39%

48%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


82© Oliver Wyman

North Africa



51%

Lack of knowledge about

the available job opportunities



Lack of theyears of experiencerequired by the job


foreign talent over local ones

Prevalence of ‘wasta’and personalconnections


None

Other

28%

59%

37%

50%

49%

16%

1%

0%

MOROCCOALGERIA

31%

34%

15%

57%

24%

34%

1%

54%

7%

24%

49%

56%

56%

32%

44%

0%

20%

0%

32%

23%

26%

50%

33%

1%

33%

18%

1%

52%

68%

43%

20%

7%

8%

40%

1%

1%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

83© Oliver Wyman

Levant





Other







None


61%

18%

29%

37%

47%

63%

39%

0%

3%

22%

13%

29%

2%

41%

60%

49%

17%

1%

25%

70%

30%

58%

21%

8%

74%

1%

2%

7%

22%

14%

45%

1%

60%

16%

48%

1%

23%

16%

55%

55%

29%

6%

0%

68%

0%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

84© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula




54%

18%

49%





None




3%


55%

Other

27%

44%

33%

3%


3%

32%

30%

47%

46%

32%

14%

53%

1%

46%

38%

27%

47%

16%

43%

14%

0%

1%

23%

26%

33%

57%

44%

19%

47%

1%

0%

3%

37%

61%

41%

27%

35%

16%

50%

2%

SAUDI

4%

46%

29%

48%

31%

24%

49%

10%

1%

UAE

30%

0%

70%

42%

20%

22%

62%

6%

1%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


86© Oliver Wyman

North Africa




55%



Communication 61%

Analytical & quantitative

thinking

Self-efficacy 28%


Businessknowledge

Languages

Other

55%

52%

28%

51%

36%

39%

4%

MOROCCOALGERIA

47%

48%

33%

46%

30%

47%

49%

38%

44%

5%

38%

50%

13%

45%

38%

45%

40%

40%

53%

0%

48%

39%

57%

23%

29%

37%

24%

30%

44%

1%

27%

20%

74%

70%

35%

60%

38%

40%

55%

1%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

87© Oliver Wyman

Levant



Self-efficacy


34%

Communication




thinking


Businessknowledge

11%

Languages

Other

50%

47%

32%

34%

21%

18%

66%

3%

30%

26%

41%

33%

47%

31%

44%

21%

46%

3%

39%

52%

31%

51%

34%

47%

39%

42%

34%

4% 1%

32%

42%

16%

51%

51%

30%

34%

30%

43%

29%

45%

29%

52%

32%

61%

45%

23%

48%

0%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

88© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula





Businessknowledge


thinking

Communication



Self-efficacy

Other

Languages

69%

61%

66%

37%

44%

35%

37%

33%

49%

1%


33%

24%

46%

46%

46%

42%

55%

41%

26%

1%

34%

56%

52%

44%

34%

35%

19%

30%

32%

1%

48%

28%

30%

59%

56%

24%

43%

47%

49%

1%

64%

36%

56%

46%

30%

33%

44%

41%

61%

3%

SAUDI

54%

66%

34%

24%

48%

27%

45%

42%

30%

2%

UAE

57%

43%

45%

39%

41%

29%

20%

24%

35%

2%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


90© Oliver Wyman

North Africa





Communication

Creativity & innovation

21%


thinking

Self-efficacy


63%

Business knowledge

Languages

Other

65%

60%

56%

47%

16%

33%

41%

3%

MOROCCOALGERIA

39%

31%

62%

61%

16%

57%

67%

32%

34%

2%

65%

18%

63%

38%

20%

53%

40%

30%

23%

0%

42%

17%

22%

47%

46%

54%

16%

37%

26%

1%

24%

77%

35%

0%

64%

21%

21%

9%

36%

44%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

91© Oliver Wyman

Levant




Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


0%


Self-efficacy

Communication



thinking



Business knowledge

32%

Languages

Other

61%

66%

47%

16%

45%

16%

32%

47%

9%

0%

59%

34%

19%

15%

54%

53%

35%

21%

48%

72%

61%

46%

56%

42%

12%

64%

54%

1%

56%

23%

63%

44%

17%

46%

24%

33%

21%

2%

48%

23%

42%

19%

52%

39%

42%

29%

35%

0%

IRAQ* SYRIA*

92© Oliver Wyman



44%


Business knowledge

66%

Other


thinking


Communication



Self-efficacy

Languages

0%

76%

56%

56%

15%

46%

33%

35%


31%

48%

64%

63%

47%

38%

19%

36%

35%

1%

28%

55%

25%

49%

20%

49%

29%

19%

48%

0%

16%

73%

59%

53%

53%

39%

42%

35%

35%

0%

44%

72%

28%

64%

59%

32%

41%

67%

36%

1%

SAUDI

14%

44%

72%

37%

64%

39%

44%

51%

34%

4%

UAE

17%

23%

63%

53%

47%

62%

39%

1%

48%

29%

YEMEN

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Arabian Peninsula


93© Oliver Wyman


My current education and skills need to be updated in the upcoming years to adapt to ever-changing labor market requirements

94© Oliver Wyman

North Africa



Strongly agree

6%

Strongly disagree

Agree

Neutral

26%

66%

Disagree 1%

0%

MOROCCOALGERIA

61%

20%

2%

10%

6%

2%

80%

17%

0%

0%

1%

56%

0%

8%

35%

0%

2%

60%

36%

1%

TUNISIA

Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results may not sum to 100 due to rounding ;*Error margin may exceed 10% due to a limited sample size

EGYPT* LIBYA*

95© Oliver Wyman

Levant



0%

Agree

Strongly agree

3%

58%

Strongly disagree

Neutral

Disagree

34%

5%

61%

10%

27%

2%

0%

45%

39%

11%

5%

1%

21%

69%

0%

9%

1%

10%

52%

39%

0%

0%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%

Note: Results may not sum to 100 due to rounding ;*Error margin may exceed 10% due to a limited sample size

IRAQ* SYRIA*

96© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula



19%

70%Strongly agree

11%

Disagree

Agree

Neutral

Strongly disagree

0%

0%


36%

36%

0%

28%

0%

33%

54%

12%

1%

0%

11%

50%

35%

3%

0%

8%

66%

22%

4%

0%

SAUDI

39%

43%

15%

3%

0%

UAE

0%

5%

20%

75%

0%

YEMEN

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>=50% >=25% <25%


98© Oliver Wyman

North Africa





1%

Constant knowledge about opportunities


Financial relief forcompleting skills

development workshops & courses

Accessible high-quality


56%

Integration betweeneducators

& employersto match taught skills w/ market

requirements

Other

51%

47%

58%

52%

MOROCCOALGERIA

45%

60%

57%

49%

54%

2%

56%

61%

39%

63%

32%

0%

49%

39%

39%

37%

38%

2% 0%

47%

32%

54%

67%

31%

TUNISIA

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>=50% >=25% <25%


EGYPT* LIBYA*

99© Oliver Wyman

Levant



53%Constant knowledge about opportunities


45%









requirements

39%

66%

50%

Other 0% 1%

47%

44%

37%

49%

24%

55%

3%

64%

49%

41%

53%

42%

53%

23%

38%

1%

40% 45%

42%

42%

71%

39%

3%


Back to navigator

>=50% >=25% <25%


IRAQ* SYRIA*

100© Oliver Wyman

Arabian Peninsula



Constant knowledge about opportunities


41%





39%



66%



requirements

Other

46%

54%

0%


43%

26%

60%

45%

2%

45%

26%

49%

44%

0%

45%

35%

40%

59%

28%

48%

47%

1%

62%

51%

39%

49%

41%

1%

SAUDI

49%

55%

41%

44%

41%

2%

UAE

0%

52%

58%

55%

31%

43%

YEMEN

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>=50% >=25% <25%


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Information furnished by others, upon which all or portions of this report are based, is believed to be reliable but has not been independently verified, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Public information and industry and statistical data are from sources we deem to be reliable; however, we make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of such information. The findings contained in this report may contain predictions based on current data and historical trends. Any such predictions are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Oliver Wyman accepts no responsibility for actual results or future events.

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