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Page 1: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic
Page 2: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties.

He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic mass!

Father of the Periodic TableDmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)

Page 3: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Gallium

Germanium

Page 4: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Two Years Later…

Page 5: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Father of the Modern Periodic Table

• Henry Moseley (1887-1915) –in 1913, through his work with x-rays, Moseley discovers the actual nuclear charge of the elements, which we now call atomic numbers. Moseley then rearranges the periodic table by increasing atomic number. This is the periodic table we use today- the modern periodic table.

Page 6: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic
Page 7: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic
Page 8: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Periodic Table Vocab

1. Periods - horizontal rows “side to side”

2. Groups or Families – vertical columns “up and down”.

3. Valence electrons – outermost electrons, farthest from the nucleus. Chemical properties depend on valence electrons.

Elements in the same group have similar properties!

Page 9: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

• Metals–Left of “stair step”–Good conductors of heat and

electricity–Ductile (can be made into thin

wire) and Malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets)

Page 10: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

• Nonmetals–Right of “stair step”–Generally poor conductors of

heat and electricity–Brittle (shatters if you hit it with

a hammer)

Page 11: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

• Metalloids –Touch the “stair step” (except

Aluminum.) –Have properties of both metal and

nonmetals.–Metalloids only conduct electricity

under certain conditions, which make them useful in the semi-conductors industry.

Page 12: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic
Page 13: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 1: Alkali MetalsHighly reactive metals

– React violently with water!– One valence electron– Never found in elemental form in nature

• (You have to store them coated in mineral oil to keep them from reacting!

Alkali Metals

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2134266654801392897
Page 14: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 2: Alkaline Earth MetalsStill reactive, but not as much as the

alkali metals.

2 valence electrons

Page 15: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 3-12: The Transition Metals

Transition Metals - metallic elements that have varying properties and belong to group 3 through 12 of the periodic table

 

Page 16: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Groups 3-12: The Transition Metals

Inner Transition Elements- The inner transition metals are the two rows of elements that appear below the main body of the periodic table.

Lanthanides - shiny, metallic elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71.

Actinides - metallic elements with atomic numbers 89 through 103. RADIOACTIVE

Page 17: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Groups 13-16Group 13- The Boron Family -3 valence e-

Group 14- The Carbon Family – 4 valence e-

Group 15- The Nitrogen Family – 5 valence e-

Group 16- The Oxygen Family – 6 valence e- (aka Chalcogens)

Page 18: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 17: The Halogens

Halogens - elements that combine with most metals to form salts*

7 valence electrons

These elements are diatomic molecules (2 atoms bonded together) in their natural form.

Page 19: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 17: The HalogensHalogens are highly reactive, and can be

harmful

Fluorine is the most reactive element in existence, even attacking glass

. It is a corrosive, highly toxic gas.

Chlorine and iodine are both used as disinfectants for drinking water, swimming pools, fresh wounds, dishes, and surfaces.

Page 20: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic

Group 18: The Noble GasesNoble gases – gaseous elements with

EXTREMELY low reactivities8 valence electrons


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