meng286: introduction to materials science &...
TRANSCRIPT
MENG286: INTRODUCTION TO
MATERIALS SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
Source: http://www.wileyplus.com/
Fall 2015
2
COURSE MATERIALS
Required text: • Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2010).
3
GRADING Biweekly quizzes: 15%
• Held at the beginning of tutorial hours
• Based on core textbook problems
Laboratory reports :15%
Midterm: 30%
Tentatively scheduled for: 20-30th of November
Material covered: Weeks 1-6
Final :40% Tentatively scheduled for: 12-27th of January
Material covered: Weeks 1-15
Four laboratory reports
*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.
READING SCHEDULE
4
Week
1
2
3
4
5&6
7
10
11
12&13
14
15
Topic
General Intro; Atomic Bonding
Crystalline Structures
Imperfections
Diffusion
Mechanical Properties, Failure
Dislocation & Strengthening Mechanisms
Phase Diagrams
Applications & Processing of Metal Alloys
Structure, Properties, Processing, and
Application of Ceramics & Polymers
Composites
Corrosion & Degradation of Materials
Chapter
1,2
3
4
5
6&8
7
9
11
13-15
16
17
Lectures: will highlight important portions of each chapter.
CHAPTER 1 (1st session)
5
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to: • use materials properly • realize new design opportunities with materials
Course Objective...
• Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science and the role of materials in the design of
engineering systems.
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
INTRODUCTION
• Materials drive our society – Stone Age – Bronze Age (about 3000 BC) – Iron Age (about 1200 BC) – Now?
• Silicon Age? • Polymer Age?
• What is materials science? • Why should we know about it? • Materials science vs. materials engineering
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WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCI. & ENG.?
• To be able to select a material for a given use based
on considerations of cost and performance.
• To understand the limits of materials and the change
of their properties with use.
• To be able to create a new material that will have
some desirable properties.
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MATERIALS SICENCE VS MATERIALS ENG.
On the basis of structure-property correlations:
• Materials science involves investigating the relationship btw structures & properties of materials.
• Materials Eng. is designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.
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MATERIALS SICENCE VS MATERIALS ENG.
On the basis of functional prospective:
• The role of materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials
• Materials Eng. is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials, and/or develop techniques for processing materials.
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TYPES OF MATERIALS
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Most engineering materials can be classified into one of
three basic categories:
1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
Their chemistries are different, and their mechanical and
physical properties are different
In addition, there is a fourth category:
4. Composites -is a nonhomogeneous mixture of the other three types,
rather than a unique category
TYPES OF MATERIALS (con’t)
11
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METALS
12 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of metals and metal alloys
Metallic bonds – Strong, ductile, resistant to fracture
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.
CERAMICS
13 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of ceramic materials
Ionic bonding –Brittle, glassy, elastic –Non-conducting (insulative to the passage of heat & electricity) –Transparent, translucent, or opaque –Some exhibit magnetic behavior (e.g. Fe3O4)
POLYMERS/PLASTICS
14 Fig 1.8 Familiar objects that are made of polymeric materials
Covalent bonding sharing of e’s –Soft, ductile, low strength, low density –Thermal & electrical insulators –Optically translucent or transparent. –Chemically inert and unreactive –Sensitive to temperature changes
COMPOSITES
15 Source: http://modernairliners.com/boeing-787-dreamliner/boeing-787-dreamliner-specs
– Light, strong, flexible
– High costs
ADVANCED MATERIALS
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Materials that are utilized in high-tech applications • Semiconductors
Have electrical conductivities intermediate between conductors and insulators
• Biomaterials
Must be compatible with body tissues
• Smart materials
Could sense and respond to changes in their environments in predetermined manners
• Nanomaterials
Have structural features on the order of a nanometer, some of which may be designed on the atomic/molecular level
Example – HIP IMPLANT
• Requirements
– mechanical strength
(many cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility
17 Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e.
Types of Materials (Con’t)
18 Fig 1.3 Bar chart of room-temperature density values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and
composite materials
Types of Materials (Con’t)
19 Fig 1.4 Bar chart of room-temperature stiffness values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and
composite materials
Types of Materials (Con’t)
20
Based
primary on c
Fig 1.5 Bar chart of room-temperature strength (i.e. tensile strength) values for various metals,
ceramics, polymers, and composite materials
Types of Materials (Con’t)
21 Fig 1.6 Bar chart of room-temperature resistance to fracture for various metals, ceramics, polymers,
and composite materials
22
STRUCTURE, PROCESSING, & PROPERTIES
• One aspect of Materials Science is the investigation of relationships that exist between the processing, structures, properties, and performance of materials.
• The performance of a material depends on its properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
• Processing can change structure
Ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Fig 1.1 The four components of the discipline of materials science and engineering and their
interrelationship
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STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
• By structure we mean how some internal components
of the material is (are) arranged.
• In terms of dimensionality, structural elements include
subatomic, atomic, microscopic, and macroscopic
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STRUCTURE,PROCESSING, & PROPERTIES (example)
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition, and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33; and
(d) Fig. 10.21, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel H
ard
ness (
BH
N)
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
100
2 00
3 00
4 00
5 00
6 00
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
(d)
30 mm (c)
4 mm
(b)
30 mm
(a)
30 mm
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SUMMARY
• Use the right material for the job.
• Understand the relation between properties,
structure, processing, and performance.
Course Goals: