mentor: dr. keith warner ofm reader: dr. leslie gray the ... · acknowledgments://...

1
Acknowledgments: Many thanks to Father Constant Bossou and Ma9 Orosz for offering insights into their work. Thank you to my advisor Dr. Keith Warner and reader Dr. Leslie Gray, and everyone in the Miller Center for Social Entrepreneurship for offering their advice and support! The Future of Solar PV Microgrids in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Social Enterprises can Accelerate the Spread of Renewable Energy to Off-Grid Communities Erika Francks (Environmental Studies major, MIS minor) Mentor: Dr. Keith Warner OFM Reader: Dr. Leslie Gray The Problem: Energy Poverty The SoluNon: Solar PV Microgrids Methods Site SelecNon Criteria Conclusions Benefits of Solar Microgrids Impact: Improvements in household health, safety, producNvity, and educaNon. Versa-lity: Microgrids can be isolated or gridconnected and can be scaled to fit growing energy demands. Affordability: Solar PV panel and lithium ion ba9ery costs are dropping rapidly. 3 Scalability: Solar PV has shortest project lead Nme of any power generaNon technology. Opportunity: IEA esNmates 100,000200,000 new microgrid installaNons in subSaharan Africa by 2040. Solar Energy Ladder In 2015, the UN idenNfied “affordable and clean energy” as one of 17 Sustainable Development Goals 1.2 billion people worldwide without access to electricity 1 83% of households in rural subSaharan Africa are offgrid 2 IEA esNmates that despite electrificaNon efforts, 530 million Africans will sNll lack access to energy in 2040 Interviews: I interviewed Father Constant Bossou, an electrical engineer with experience installing solar microgrids in Benin, and Ma9 Orosz, founder of STG InternaNonal, an enterprise developing solar microgrids in Lesotho. Field observa-ons: I incorporated observaNons from my Nme spent doing research for ONergy Solar, an enterprise installing solar microgrids in East India. Literature Review: I analyzed relevant reports and journal arNcles to compare technologies and uncover best pracNces for site selecNon. Kerosene Lantern Solar Lantern Solar Home System (SHS) Solar Microgrid Na8onal Electricity Grid Local weather and terrain Distance from nearest urban center Housing density and catchment area Energy requirements Ability/willingness to pay Community Dynamics 1: Solar microgrids can electrify enNre communiNes with affordable, clean, and produc8ve energy, and can be scaled to meet growing demand. 2: Solar PV microgrids are the best opNon for dense, offgrid communiNes unlikely to be connected to the naNonal electricity grid. 3: There is a need for further research into best pracNces for solar microgrid enterprise business models. Next steps: I will develop a prototype “playbook” for entrepreneurs looking to start their own microgrid enterprises. References 1 Africa Energy Outlook. Rep. Paris, France: InternaNonal Energy Agency, 2014. Print. 2 Warnecke, Tonia, and Ahiteme N. Houndonougbo. “Let There Be Light: Social Enterprise, Solar Power, and Sustainable Development.” Journal of Economic Issues L.2 (2016): 36272. EBSO Publishing, Apr. 2016. Web. 18 May 2017. 3 IRENA. Solar PV in Africa: Costs and Markets. Rep. N.p.: InternaNonal Renewable Energy Agency, 2016. Print. Photos: Budsock, (M.A.) Andrew. “SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy for All.” Impakter. N.p., 01 Mar. 2016. Web. 18 May 2017. “Tinu Solar (Lantern).” Green Market Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2017. Thesis: In offgrid locaNons that fit site selecNon criteria, solar microgrids can offer communiNes the best energy soluNon by supplying clean, affordable and producNve energy that other solar technologies cannot provide. UN SDGs 2015

Upload: others

Post on 27-May-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Mentor: Dr. Keith Warner OFM Reader: Dr. Leslie Gray The ... · Acknowledgments:// Many/thanks/to/Father/Constant Bossou/and/Ma/ Orosz/for/offering/insights/into/their/ work./Thank/you/to/my/advisor/Dr./Keith/Warner/and/reader/Dr

Acknowledgments:    Many  thanks  to  Father  Constant  Bossou  and  Ma9  Orosz  for  offering  insights  into  their  work.  Thank  you  to  my  advisor  Dr.  Keith  Warner  and  reader  Dr.  Leslie  Gray,  and  everyone  in  the  Miller  Center  for  Social  Entrepreneurship  for  offering  their  advice  and  support!  

The Future of Solar PV Microgrids in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Social Enterprises can Accelerate the Spread of Renewable

Energy to Off-Grid Communities

   

Erika Francks (Environmental Studies major, MIS minor) Mentor: Dr. Keith Warner OFM

Reader: Dr. Leslie Gray

The  Problem:  Energy  Poverty   The  SoluNon:  Solar  PV  Microgrids  

Methods  

Site  SelecNon  Criteria   Conclusions  

               Benefits  of  Solar  Microgrids    •  Impact:  Improvements  in  household  health,  safety,  

producNvity,  and  educaNon.  

•  Versa-lity:  Microgrids  can  be  isolated  or  grid-­‐connected  and  can  be  scaled  to  fit  growing  energy  demands.  

•  Affordability:  Solar  PV  panel  and  lithium  ion  ba9ery  costs  are  dropping  rapidly.3  

•  Scalability:  Solar  PV  has  shortest  project  lead  Nme  of  any  power  generaNon  technology.  

 •  Opportunity:  IEA  esNmates  100,000-­‐200,000  new  microgrid  

installaNons  in  sub-­‐Saharan  Africa  by  2040.    

Solar  Energy  Ladder  

•  In  2015,  the  UN  idenNfied  “affordable  and  clean  energy”  as  one  of  17  Sustainable  Development  Goals  

•  1.2  billion  people  worldwide  without  access  to  electricity1  •  83%  of  households  in  rural  sub-­‐Saharan  Africa  are  off-­‐grid2  •  IEA  esNmates  that  despite  electrificaNon  efforts,  530  million  

Africans  will  sNll  lack  access  to  energy  in  2040  

•  Interviews:  I  interviewed  Father  Constant  Bossou,  an  electrical  engineer  with  experience  installing  solar  microgrids  in  Benin,  and  Ma9  Orosz,  founder  of  STG  InternaNonal,  an  enterprise  developing  solar  microgrids  in  Lesotho.  

•  Field  observa-ons:  I  incorporated  observaNons  from  my  Nme  spent  doing  research  for  ONergy  Solar,  an  enterprise  installing  solar  microgrids  in  East  India.  

•  Literature  Review:    I  analyzed  relevant  reports  and  journal  arNcles  to  compare  technologies  and  uncover  best  pracNces  for  site  selecNon.  

Kerosene  Lantern   Solar  Lantern   Solar  Home  System  (SHS)  

Solar  Microgrid  Na8onal  Electricity  Grid  

Local  weather  and  terrain    Distance  from  nearest  urban  center    Housing  density  and  catchment  area    Energy  requirements    Ability/willingness  to  pay    Community  Dynamics  

1:  Solar  microgrids  can  electrify  enNre  communiNes  with  affordable,  clean,  and  produc8ve  energy,  and  can  be  scaled  to  meet  growing  demand.      

2:  Solar  PV  microgrids  are  the  best  opNon  for  dense,  off-­‐grid  communiNes  unlikely  to  be  connected  to  the  naNonal  electricity  grid.    

3:  There  is  a  need  for  further  research  into  best  pracNces  for  solar  microgrid  enterprise  business  models.    

Next  steps:  I  will  develop  a  prototype  “playbook”  for  entrepreneurs  looking  to  start  their  own  microgrid  enterprises.      

 

References  1  Africa  Energy  Outlook.  Rep.  Paris,  France:  InternaNonal  Energy  Agency,  2014.  Print.  2  Warnecke,  Tonia,  and  Ahiteme  N.  Houndonougbo.  “Let  There  Be  Light:  Social  Enterprise,  Solar  Power,  and  Sustainable          Development.”  Journal  of  Economic  Issues  L.2  (2016):  362-­‐72.  EBSO  Publishing,  Apr.  2016.  Web.  18  May  2017.  3  IRENA.  Solar  PV  in  Africa:  Costs  and  Markets.  Rep.  N.p.:  InternaNonal  Renewable  Energy  Agency,  2016.  Print.  Photos:  Budsock,  (M.A.)  Andrew.  “SDG  7:  Affordable  and  Clean  Energy  for  All.”  Impakter.  N.p.,  01  Mar.  2016.  Web.  18  May  2017.                                “Tinu  Solar  (Lantern).”  Green  Market  Africa.  N.p.,  n.d.  Web.  18  May  2017.        

Thesis:  In  off-­‐grid  locaNons  that  fit  site  selecNon  criteria,  solar  microgrids  can  offer  communiNes  the  best  energy  soluNon  by  supplying  clean,  affordable  and  producNve  energy  that  other  solar  technologies  cannot  provide.  

UN  SDGs  2015