mercedes-benz "e-mobility - the way into the future"

E-Mobility – The Way into the Future

Ralf Noha / John Tillman Daimler AG California, October 2011

Standards and Regulations Mercedes-Benz Cars [email protected]

CO2, Fuel Consumption, Energy Security

Daily Fee: 8 £

City-Charge London

Limited Resources Increasing Mobility

Megacities Top 5 Ranking

London 6,5

New York 5,5

Tokyo 5,2

Paris 4,0

Berlin 2,4

2003 2010

Source: Bronger (1996), UN Habitat Report (2009)

Tokyo 35,0

Mexico City 18,7

New York 18,3

Sao Paulo 17,9

Bombay 17,4

Tokyo 40,0

Seoul 30,0

Mumbai 25,0

Mexico City 25,0

Sao Paulo 25,0

1900

Global Trends

1950 2050 2000

25

$/Barrel

50 75

100 125

?

150 09/2010: ~$80

Introduction


10% Weight

13% Transmission

12% Roll Resistance

•  46% Engine •  29% Efficiency

(not optimisable)

•  17% Friction / Combustion- process etc. (optimisable)

11% Air Resistance

• Data for Medium-Class-Segment (3-Litre Gasoline Engine | RWD | NEFZ)

8% Others Air Conditioning, Electronics, Steering

Factors for the Origin of CO2

Introduction


Sou

rce:

EU

CA

R/C

ON

CAW

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ell-t

o-W

heel

s R

epor

t 200

7";

O

ptire

sour

ce, 2

007

Ref

eren

ce v

ehic

le c

lass

: VW

Gol

f

Costs for

Transformation

of Technology

0

25 50

75 100

125 150

175 200

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 240 220 200 180 160

Electric Vehicle with Fuel Cell

(Fueled by 100% renewable H2)

Electric Vehicle with Battery (Fueled by 100%

renewable electricity)

Plug-in Hybrid with Fuel Cell (Fueled by 100%

renewable electricity)

Electric Vehicle with Fuel Cell

(Fueled by 100% H2 from fossil sources)

Energy Consumption Well-to-Wheel [MJ/100km]

GH

G* E

mis

sion

s [g

CO

2eq/

km]

Gasoline

Hybrid (Gasoline)

Diesel Hybrid (Diesel)

Electric Vehicle with Battery and Fuel Cell need a new infrastructure with high invests to be able to run

Fuel Cell: High range (>400 km), short refueling time (3 min), Applicable for different vehicle concepts

Battery: Optimal operation in compact cars for the city traffic (100-150 km), Recharging over night and on public parking spaces

*GHG: Green House Gas

Electric Vehicle with Battery

(Fueled by 100% electricity from EU-Mix)

CO2- and Energy comparison

Electric drive trains are a real step to reduce energy consumption and green-house emissions. Using EVs means a significant step forward.

Introduction


Energy sources for the

mobility of the future Clean fuels for combustion engines Locally Emission free driving

HYBRID Range Extender Plug-In

BlueEFFICIENCY

CGI BlueTEC DIESOTTO Fuel-Cell Battery-/E-Drive

Daimler’s Technology Portfolio for Sustainable Mobility

Locally emission-free driving with electric vehicles with

fuel-cell/ battery

Optimization of our vehicles with high-tech

combustion engines

Hybridization for further increase in efficiency

Introduction


… but to make them practical for every day life we have to think beyond the vehicle

•  EV / PHEV •  On-board-charger •  On-board telemetric •  Charging cable •  …

•  Remote control & command

•  Charge spot routing and reservation

•  Billing •  …

Vehicle Battery

Charging EV-

Services

•  Leasing •  Service •  Management •  Remanufacturing •  Reuse •  Recycling •  …

•  Charge spots for fleets and private customers

•  Access to public charge spots

•  Renewable electricity

•  Load management •  …

Introduction


e-mobility Project: We are focusing “from wind to wheel and beyond“

http://ed.smart.comhttp://ed.smart.com

Energy-productio

n

Energy-

logistic

Charging-

infrastructur

Conn-ector

Communi-

cation Batteri

e Vehicle Services

After Sales

Customer Offer

Recycling

Second Life

Cluster I. Cluster II. Cluster III.

Service connection

Grid Meter

Charging Interface

Activities of AP5: „Standards, Regulations and Lobbying“

Market Wallbox

Vehicle- Standards

Project e-mobility


Charging times will never reach refueling times of combustion engine vehicles

Refueling time of ICE vehicle

•  Flow rate of filling station ≈ 10 gallons per minute

•  Fuel efficiency of ICE vehicle ≈ 30 mpg

•  Refueling time ca. 20 seconds for 100 miles

Power needed to refuel an EV as fast as an ICE vehicle

•  Energy consumption ≈ 25 kWh for 100 miles

•  Refueling time same as ICE vehicle

•  Required charging power ≈ 5 MW

Necessary Charging Strategy ...


Household sockets cannot deliver the power needed to meet customer expectations

1,4 kW 14h 38h

2,3 kW 8h 23h

7,2 kW 2,5h 7h

44 kW 30 min. 1,2h

NEMA 5-15

CEE 7/7

IEC 62196-2 Type 2

IEC 62196-2 Type 1

(≈J1772TM)



For AC-charging up to 43 kW and DC-charging up to 25 / 50 kW Typ 2 –Plug will be used For DC-Fast charging Combo-Plug will be used

kW

AC 3-Phase

(with 22kW battery charger or inverter shop)

AC 1-Phase

plus (Japan,

USA)

DC (with Type 1*/ 2)

3,3kW 25kW 90kW

DC (Combo plug connector system with type 1 or 2 as AC core, country dependent)

50kW USA Europe

AC 1-

Phase

Charging option Connector system

In examination for type 2

Initiative Ladeschnittstelle (AK4.3), Status AC- und DC-Laden

Connectors for Charging Options


Interoperability Zero-Emission

Infrastructure Electr. Power

Why Standards, Regulations & Legislative Advocacy?

0

200

400

600

800

1000

00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00

Uhrzeit

Leistung

[W]

S tandard Lastprofil 3 Personen Haushalt (Werktag im Winter)

5%10%20%40%

80%Anteil der Haushalte mit einem EV(15.000 km p.a., 200Wh/km)

è Definition of international Charging-Interface and Billing Standards

•  High charging power at low prices

•  Fast construction of comprehensive infrastructure

•  Secure of ZERO-Emissions-Certification

•  Customer should be able to charge everywhere

•  Reduction market variants DAI

è Support of load management and flexible Tariff models

è Avoidance of high taxing of electr. vehicle power

è Exclusively use of renewable energy and smart charging

è Establishing a model for financing public infrastructure

è Shortening / simplifying approval procedures

€

Project e-mobility


•  Setting the right standards now creates a benefit for all players

Commitment of OEMs, utilities and suppliers for one connector standard

Ø  One connector design for world-wide typical voltage and amp levels

Ø  Charge capability up to 43kW Ø  Low cost, robust connector design,with redundant

safety levels Ø  Locking of connector for safety and theft Ø  Support of digital communication between vehicle

and charging spot

Daimler Playing Leading Role in Setting International EV Charging Standards

Standardization


Additional cooperation projects started with strong focus towards establishing standards

Unique Business Role Daimler

•  EV+Battery development, production, marketing and service

•  Evaluate customer attitudes and behavior towards EVs

Unique Business Role Utility

•  Charging development, production, marketing installation and service

•  Electricity production, distribution, management and billing Shared Business Role Daimler + Energy

Partner

•  Define, develop, promote and standardize key vehicle and grid interfaces and infrastructure components (EV couplers, “smart charge” interface)

•  Promotion and co-development of low cost, high-power, intelligent, AC public charging infrastructure

Project e-mobility


Ø  World wide fleet operation in diverse demonstration projects in

Northern America, Europe and Asia from 2010 Ø  End of 2009 start of production smart fortwo electric drive 2nd generation: production volume more than 2.000 Ø  Vito E-CELL: production of 100 units since 2010 Until 2012 production of further 2.000 units Ø  Production volume A-Class E-CELL: 500 units Ø  From 2012 the smart fortwo electric drive (3.generation) will be launched in more than 30 markets smart fortwo ed (2.gen) A-Class E-CELL

Technical Data

Vehicle smart fortwo electric drive (phase 2) A-Class E-CELL Vito E-CELL

Motor Output: 30 kW (41 PS) Torque: 120 Nm

Output: 70kW (95 PS) Torque: 290 Nm

Output: 70kW (95 PS) Torque: 280 Nm

Range (NEFZ) 135 km more than 200 km 130 km

Top speed 100 km/h 150 km/h 80 km/h

Battery Lithium-Ion-Battery, Capacity: 16,5 kWh

Lithium-Ion-Battery, Capacity: 36 kWh

Lithium-Ion-Battery, Capacity: 36 kWh

Daimler has the target to commercialize battery electric vehicles in the foreseeable future

Vito E-CELL

Worldwide Fleet Operation with Daimler’s Battery Electric Vehicles

Project e-mobility


First results from our fleet tests show high overall customer satisfaction after one year of use, but some issues have to be tackled

"Absolutely fun to drive"

"Range is sufficient for urban driving, once you have gained the confidence"

"Positive, innovative, green perception in my circle of friends and colleagues"

"Very low running cost and high reliability"

"Don't have high confidence in the driving range" (absolute range not an issue)

"Long charging time"

Fleet test customer survey

+

+

+

+

-

-

What we have learned ...


Ubiquitous charging is most effective to minimize time loss for the customer

First priority: Ubiquitous charging

• Trip distance ≤ max. range of vehicle

• Charging while doing other things

• Parking time ≥ charging time

• No time loss except plugging in

Second priority: Dedicated charging stop

• Waiting for vehicle to be charged

• Trip distance > max. range of vehicle

• Parking time = charging time

• Ca. 20 min. time loss

> 98%

< 2%

Target



Charge Roaming with Automatic Billing for Convenience and Cost Effectiveness

Contracts with different charge spot operators

•  Multitude of contracts, bills and authentication devices

•  Customer interaction for payment needed

Contract ID by RFID tag

•  One contract with consolidated billing

•  No customer interaction for payment needed

Contract with one provider incl. roaming

(like cell phone)

Contract ID by vehicle to charge spot

communication •  Customer must track

prices and conditions at each spot

•  Customer interaction for payment needed

Micropayment at the spot

Banking account number or cash

Charging Communication ...


Communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure will be needed for safety, load management and billing

Charge spot Vehicle Grid

Here are the power levels & prices over time for your needs + special rate for wind-power of up to 10kW between 3am to 6am for 3cents/kWh

6

Cable safety test successfully completed, please lock my charge cord

1

2 I can deliver up to 22kW

So far I delivered 5kWh to you, please confirm

8

3 Here’s my ID, I am an authenticated PEV and I would like to charge

I confirm to have received ca. 12kWh

9

Valid ID, please go ahead, power will be activated 4

5 I need 12kWh to fully recharge until 9am next morning

O.K I adjust my plans and will charge from 3am to 5am at 6kW

7

I want to leave, please unlock the charge cord 10



Summary – Use-cases for V2G communication

Smar

tCha

rgin

g Sy

stem

§  Cost-optimized (e.g. night tariff) and battery-optimized (SoC, charging power, temperature) charging

§  Support of renewable energy in the grid for emission-free driving §  Fleet-management for areas with high density of PEVs

Optimized load

management

§  Automatic payment from PEV §  Access to all charging stations with one contract (Roaming) §  Secure payment via state-of-the art signatures & certificates

Simple payment &

billing

§  PEV status information (current SoC, remaining charge time..) §  Remote control of charging (e.g. departure time) §  Access to internet-based services (e.g. diagnostics, software updates, etc.)

Additional PEV-

customer services

DC-Charging Control

§  Authentication of certified off-board charging equipment §  Charge-control via voltage and amperage control commands §  Re-usage of communication technology for AC & DC-charging



Remote vehicle status information and control will be essential for customer acceptance of battery and grid optimized charging

Status information •  Current state of charge •  Predicted end of charge •  Charge interruption

warning •  Vehicle position •  …

Set parameters •  End of charge target •  Required range •  Cabin preconditioning •  …



We offer our vehicles currently in full service lease package

•  The Mercedes-Benz and smart contracts include vehicle (incl. battery) insurance, maintenance and repair.

•  Infrastructure and electricity are currently provided in cooperation with utilities.

Our Products are Ready to Run ...

…but there are 3 important issues to solve…


Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure


Max. output 392 kW Torque 880Nm 0-60mph ≈ 4 s CO2-emissions 0 g/km

With electric vehicles we will surpass your wildest dreams …

Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG E-CELL with electric drive

Introduction


Thank you for your

attention!

Looking forward to

your questions!

mercedes-benz "e-mobility - the way into the future"

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