mercy malaysia project planv2
TRANSCRIPT
Project Plan for the Development of a Psychosocial Programme
Compiled by
Michael R. Montgomery
DRAFTv7th Dec 2007
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION: 1
II. GENERAL PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION METHODOLOGY: 5
III. GENERAL FIELD MANUAL FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS: 9
IV. INITIAL TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR STAFF: 10
V. RECRUITMENT OF VOLUNTEERS: 11
VI. SCREENING SYSTEM FOR VOLUNTEERS: 13
VII. FOCUSED TRAINING FOR VOLUNTEERS: 14
VIII. TRAINING OF TRAINERS (TOTs): 15
IX. FURTHER READING: 16
X. APPENDIX: 18
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I. INTRODUCTION
What is psychosocial?The term psychosocial is used by many agencies and individuals to mean many things. In its simplest form the concept points to the psychological and social aspects of an individual’s interaction with family, friends and society. It can be seen as more holistic approach to mental well-being and it incorporates a range of models of mental ill health in addition to the biological-medical model.
Psychosocial in the context of this document is used to refer to the interventions that may improve an individual or community’s mental well-being, endeavouring to reduce prolonged distress caused by the response to a disaster situation.
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Psychosocial Well-Being
CULTURE and VALUES
SOCIAL ECOLOGY
HUMAN CAPACITY
Environmental Resources
PhysicalResources
EconomicResources
What is mental health?The concept of mental health carries with it a heavy burden due to stigma, misinformation and some superstition. Mental health is inseparable from political, social and economic issues and therefore is heavily dependent on context.
The more subjective elements of mental health including the actual causes can be made more objective when witnessing the psychological response to an emergency. It is clear that increased stress through the hardships faced by disaster, coupled with the distress caused by witnessing extreme events, and assimilating loss and bereavement, can contribute to issues with mental ill health in some people.
Some of these issues can include insomnia, anxiety, depression, loss of appetite, lethargy, lack of motivation, aggression, irritability, despair, intrusive thoughts, hopelessness, unpleasant dreams, somatic conditions and severe mental distress or mental ‘illness’.
Whilst many of these initial issues can be seen initially as a natural or appropriate response to disaster, prolonged occurrence can indicate that individuals and communities need additional support.
What is the usual presentation for someone who has lost their home, livelihood, friends, and loved ones? Whilst avoiding the medicalization of human misery Mercy Malaysia is committed to developing its psychosocial programme empowering communities to reduce distress and enhance recovery.
Background Mercy has previously provided a broad spectrum of psychosocial interventions, on a self-contained basis, in varying contexts. These have included (see Appendix):
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Psychosocial First Aid (PFA)
Psychosocial EducationSelf-Help
GroupsPsychotherapy
Group Therapy
CounsellingGrief Work
TOTsArt TherapyStaff De-briefing
The review and recommendation from these interventions has highlighted the need to create a focused and sustainable psychosocial intervention programme.
It is understood that different cultures have their own ways of dealing with terrible traumas. Therefore it is important to avoid the medicalization of human misery and suffering by avoiding focusing, where possible, on trauma and pathology, and keeping community, culture, spirituality, and resilience front of mind. The objective of Mercy’s psychosocial programme is to use a strengths-focused, community-based empowerment model, targeting those who are most vulnerable with a clear focus on recovery.
The challenge will be to optimise resource to the maximum benefit to all beneficiaries.
The target outputs are: General Psychosocial Intervention Methodology, General Field Manual For Psychosocial Interventions, Initial Training Programme for Staff, Screening System for Volunteers, Focused Training Programme for Volunteers and Development Of Training Of Trainers.
The outputs are not static and have an interdependent relationship:
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METHOD-OLOGY
FIELD MANUAL
STAFF TRAINING
RECRUIT-MENT
SCREENING
TRAINING
FIELD REVIEW
II. GENERAL PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION METHODOLOGY
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To consolidate psychosocial initiatives into a structured
programme, ensuring a focused, ethical and community empowerment strategy, offering beneficiaries a degree of consistency and professionalism whilst reducing the potential for further trauma, abandonment, loss or oppression
Compiled by: Michael Montgomery Resources: Access to wide research baseInterdependencies: Meetings with Mercy staff to discuss logistics
Contact with previous volunteers to gain feedback on missions and insight into their experience
Sustainability: All training materials will be systematised and archived for future use
An approved Methodology will be converted into a field manual for consistence adherence to strategy
Risks: That by creating a methodology volunteers fails to embrace the nuances of each new situation including the depth of cultural difference and context including new strengths or potential threats
People get confused over breadth of psychosocial offering from Mercy Malaysia for example non-clinical issues such as housing and financial support
Timeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007Further research and considerations: Jan 2008Begin to develop core principles: Feb 2008Further development and review: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. An initial literature review has produced detailed and unified research and policy on psychosocial best practice in disaster environments
2. A decision will have to be made as to what depth Mercy Malaysia intends to provide a psychosocial programme or whether it wishes to develop a methodology and filter available resource through this to develop consistency
3. Psychosocial Intervention may be effective in a different sequence than other medical and humanitarian interventions for example interventions in early trauma counselling for those beneficiaries who have not recovered at the same rate may prevent the more serious development of PTSD or other mental
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distress at a later date. Therefore intervention including assessments and referrals in the post-disaster stage could be seen as preventative work
4. By using support from local volunteers/staff to test and amend the concepts it will be possible to create a methodology with maximum local cultural relevance, beneficiary appropriateness, and international best practice for psychosocial interventions
Key Considerations in the Providing of a Psychosocial Intervention ProgrammeConsiderations Tasks
1. How best to make or obtain assessment information in order to provide services
Explore previous missions to establish on what basis the mission was set-up
Establish the type of assessment and whether, following a review, it was deemed effective
Consider the development of an assessment tool adaptable to each new situation
2. How to offer a psychosocial programme with limited resources
Emphasise the importance of community involvement and ownership
Select missions with maximum sustainability from community
Explore the unitary focus on TOTs3. How to ensure consistency in
intervention whilst avoiding exasperating a situation
Explore the appropriateness of brief-solution focused interventions and how it relates to empathy and psychologically holding
Ensure the field manual is adhered to and amended if deemed necessary
4. How to retain a knowledge and skill base that will ensure the programme is developing in accordance with best practice
Ensure that the overall methodology and developing knowledge base is systemically recorded to be eventually collated to form the basis of a field manual
5. To what level of response is required and deliverable
Emergency preparedness and prevention Minimum Response Comprehensive Response
6. At what stage of the disaster is the optimum intervention
Psychosocial Education: Prevention/Mitigation (pre-disaster)
Psychosocial Education: Preparedness (pre) Shadowed Psychosocial First Aid (PSF):
Response (post-disaster) Early Assessment and Referral:
Rehabilitation/Reconstruction (post)7. Ensuring the programme is
quantifiable Ensure quantitative data is recorded from
inception Follow-up with qualitative evaluation
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Strategic and Ethical PrioritiesPriority DeliveryCultural Awareness, Sensitivities and Utilisation
UN/Malaysian Embassy Assessments
Gender Sensitivities Ensuring that where possible interventions are gender sensitive
Awareness of Increased Vulnerability Focus on unaccompanied children, women, elderly and those with an existing disability
Psychosocial Commitment Strengths and community focused Comprehensive Assessments Mission leader not necessarily a
psychiatrist Responsible prescribing
Existing Strengths Resources Coping mechanisms
Vulnerability/Resilience
Environment Resources Physical Resources Economic Resources Human Capacity Social Ecology Culture and Values
Interventions All available research should be reviewed in order to define the optimum timing for specific clinical interventions
Medication Mercy should have a commitment not to medicalised human behaviour. Where distress is serious enough to warrant a pharmacological intervention only generic drugs available in the affected country should be used unless prescribed for a specific short-term period such as to reduce acute over arousal that poses a risk to beneficiaries. The widespread use of benzodiazepines should be avoided due to the risk of dependence
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Psychosocial AssessmentsOffline Assessment and Preparation: Online Assessment:
Awareness of cultural context and background including values
Establishing if there are traditional coping mechanisms for distress
Confirming if groups or one-to-one interventions are appropriate and exploring the most appropriate setting conducive to engagement
Amendment of assessment tool to incorporate the above
What agencies are involved and are there any assessments live
Ensure organic causes are eliminated such as head injury or toxic effects
Strengths assessment Cultural and community focused Building resilience and coping
mechanisms Early Referral System
Spectrum of Activities in Partnership with Local CommunityPotential Activities Deployment Phase Facilitator LevelPsychosocial First Aid (PDA) Emergency All Early Referral System All AllEmotional Support: Holding and Witnessing
All All
Psychosocial Education Emergency/Recovery AllAnxiety Management Emergency/Recovery AllArt Therapy Emergency/Recovery AllPlay Therapy Emergency/Recovery AllActivities for women and children All AllBasic Counselling Recovery/Development AllDepth Counselling/Psychotherapy Recovery/Development Counsellors and Clinical
ProfessionalsExtended Grief Work Recovery/Development Counsellors and Clinical
ProfessionalsGroup Work Recovery/Development Clinical ProfessionalsCognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
Recovery/Development Trained
EMDR Recovery/Development TrainedIdentified enduring mental health issues
All Clinical professionals
Medication Recovery/Development Psychiatrists *Clinical professionals are professionals with clinical experience and training including: Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Social Workers, Psychiatric Nurses, Occupational Therapists, Psychotherapists and PsychiatristsAll= Psychosocial Assistants (PSAs), Counsellors and Clinical Professionals
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III. GENERAL FIELD MANUAL FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To provide a hardcopy outlining the psychosocial programmeCompiled by: Michael Montgomery Resources: Access to wide research base including the potential purchase of
psychosocial interventions in disasters materialsInterdependencies: Budget for design and printing
Corporate sponsorshipSustainability: A online version should be considered for immediate update,
accessibility and reproductionRisks: People may rely too heavily on the manual and not be flexible
enough to shifting situation and demands The manual does not get periodically reviewed and updated
therefore becomes a liability to best practiceTimeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007
Further research and considerations: Jan 2008Start to compile in line with methodology: Feb 2008Continue to compile with methodology to date: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. The scope of the field manual will need further definition including proposed length, content and final medium
2. Initial sections could be commenced including facts sheets on core issues for example ethics and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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IV. INITIAL TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR STAFF
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To raise awareness within the existing team of mental health
issues and psychosocial interventions. The proposed training will be modular in order to offer a chance to review and amend the inputs to optimise learning experience.
Facilitated by: Michael Montgomery and Potential Specialist VolunteersResources: Use of training facility
Refreshments Interdependencies: Process for inviting staff
Staff timeSustainability: The programme will be created in PowerPoint with accompanying
notes in order to provide future trainers with all the necessary material to complete the training
Risks: Turnover/accessibility of staff may mean non-attendance therefore making new modules less relevant or more challenging
Timeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007Further research and considerations: Jan 2008Initial awareness training day: Feb 2008Review training and explore the need for more days: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. There is often a gap in most emergencies between psychosocial supports and general health care. The way in which health care is provided often affects the psychosocial well-being of people living through a disaster
2. Raising awareness of psychosocial issues can create a strong foundation from which to build the programme
3. This programme will be broad in nature and core objective will be to raise awareness of psychosocial issues including: What is psychosocial? Mental Health and Mental Ill Health Psychosocial First Aid? Protecting oneself and Boundaries Grief Work and Trauma Assessment Basic Counselling
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V. RECRUITMENT OF VOLUNTEERS
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To recruit an new bank of psychosocial assistants and specialists
who will be trained in the new psychosocial programmeCompiled by: Michael Montgomery Resources: Adapting of existing screening models and best practiceInterdependencies: Support from recruitment personnel to develop a recruitment
policy for psychosocial assistants and specialists Sustainability: The recruitment department will observe the process of
recruitment from the initial intake in addition to institutions and partners being educated in what the requirements are
Risks: Alienating some specialists due to the need for some retraining
Alienating volunteers due to the nature of the recruitment policy
Attract a large number of unusable individuals wishing to get psychosocial experience
Timeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007Review previous volunteers and explore new recruitment streams: Jan 2008Interview new candidates: Feb 2008Prepare volunteers for training: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. The Screening System will be used to ensure the optimum selection of volunteers
2. Although there is a core need for specialists, it is vital that the commitment to psychosocial interventions is of paramount concern. It is therefore advisable that only a professional who can fulfil the strategy of the programme will lead the team. This may result in psychiatrist not being the lead professional.
3. If cultural hierarchy permits it would be productive to have the team multi-disciplinary in content and focus
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Multidisciplinary Working:
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Psychosocial Assistants
ClinicalCounsellors
Clinical Professionals
VI. SCREENING SYSTEM FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL VOLUNTEERS
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To ensure that consideration is given to the current suitability of
volunteers to psychosocial interventions in disaster environment. This is to safeguard against the stress and trauma for the volunteer and to ensure solid and equipped volunteers for the beneficiaries
Compiled by: Michael Montgomery Resources: Adapting of existing screening models and best practiceInterdependencies: Support from recruitment personnel to incorporate the screening
into their existing recruitment processSustainability: The system will be compiled and implemented and reviewed after
implementation and post filed debrief. Once reviewed it will be become a ongoing component of the recruitment process
Risks: If integrated with general recruitment it may take more time in the interview process
The nature of the screening may put some people off volunteering
Timeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007System integration: Jan 2008Implementation: Feb 2008Review and amend: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. It is imperative that the individuals involved in psychosocial intervention are in good health and of sound mind. To support this objective it is recommended that a screening programme be put in place to explore: Personality suitability including emotional maturity Experience of personal loss Pre-health scale including existing life stress Levels of self-awareness including competencies and weaknesses
2. Quality of interpersonal communication
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VII. FOCUSED TRAINING FOR VOLUNTEERS
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To train Specialists, Counsellors and Psychosocial Assistants
(PSAs) on core competencies of psychosocial programme and Specialists in strategy for intervention to reduce role ambiguity, reduce role conflicts and explore role position and limitations.
Facilitated by: Michael Montgomery and Selected SpecialistsResources: Use of Training Facility
Refreshments Interdependencies: Staff TimeSustainability: The programme will be created in PowerPoint with
accompanying notes in order to provide future trainers with all the necessary material to complete the training.
Risks: May give false sense of abilityTimeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007
Further research of previous training including feedback from participants: Jan 2008Development of training modules: Feb 2008Delivery of first wave of training for volunteers: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. This programme will could offer two main training programmes, ideally these programmes would be integrated to support team building:
a. Psychosocial training for specialistsb. Training for counsellors and psychosocial assistants
2. Suggested areas covered: What is psychosocial Mental Health Impact of interventions Psychosocial first aid Communication skills: Listening to others and oneself, Empathy, NVC Counselling Skills Protecting oneself Boundaries
3. The desired level of intervention will effect the final training package
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VIII. TRAINING OF TRAINERS (TOT)
A. PROJECT PLAN Purpose: To deliver psychosocial education and training to trainers in
beneficiary community to ensure sustainable and culturally appropriate responses to distress
Facilitated by: Michael Montgomery and Selected SpecialistsResources: Use of Training Facility
Refreshments Interdependencies: Staff TimeSustainability: The programme will be created in PowerPoint with
accompanying notes in order to provide future trainers with all the necessary material to complete the training.
Risks: May give false sense of abilityTimeline: Initial research, scoping and Project Plan: Dec 2007
Further research of previous training including feedback from participants: Jan 2008Development of training modules: Feb 2008Delivery of first wave of training for volunteers: Mar 2008
B. INITIAL RESEARCH, REFLECTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS :
1. This programme may become priority number one if the appraisal of resources and potential interventions demonstrates that psychosocial education and training are more expedient and productive to sustain long term change in presenting beneficiaries psychosocial problems
2. Potential trainers:a. Psychosocial training for specialistsb. Training for focused non-specialist trainersc. General psychosocial education
3. Suggested areas covered: What is psychosocial Mental Health Psychosocial first aid Trauma Basics of counselling
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IX. FURTHER READING
Action Without Borders (2007) ‘Recruitment and Screening Psychosocial’ [Online] Available at: http://www.psychosocial.org/psychosocial/resources/pre_mgr_recruitment.html
Anderson, M. (1999) Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace – or War. USA: Lynne Rienner
Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network (ADRRN) [Online]http://www.adrrn.net/index.asp
CSTS (2007) ‘Psychological First Aid - Psychological First Aid: How You Can Support Well-Being in Disaster Victims’ [Online] Available at: http://www.centerforthestudyoftraumaticstress.org/downloads/CSTS_Psych1stAid.pdf
Gauthamadas, U. (2006) ‘A Model for Crisis Intervention in Large Scale Disasters using Lay Community Counsellors’ [Online] Available at: http://www.adeptasia.org/publications.aspx
Gauthamadas, U. (2006) ‘Disaster Psychosocial Response - Handbook for Community Counsellor Trainers’ [Online] Available at: http://www.adeptasia.org/publications.aspx
Halpern, J. and Tramontin, M. (2006) Disaster Mental Health: Theory and Practice.
Humanitarian Accountability Partnership - International [Online] http://www.hapinternational.org/
Humanitarian Reform (2007) ‘What is the Cluster Approach’ [Online] Available at: http://www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Default.aspx?tabid=70
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) (2007) ‘Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings’ [Online] Available at: http://www.icva.ch/doc00002363.pdf
International Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA) [Online] Available at: http://www.icva.ch/
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation [Online] http://www.psychosocial.com/
Medecins Sans Frontiers [Online] Available at: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/home.cfm
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Myers, D., Wee, D. (2005) Disasters in Mental Health Services: A Primer for Practitioners. Basingstoke: Routledge
National Centre for PTSD [Online] Available at: http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/index.jsp
The National Child Traumatic Stress Centre (2007) Psychological First Aid - Field Operations Guide (2nd ed) [Online] Available at: http://www.nctsn.org/
National Institute of Mental Health (2002) ‘Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early Psychological Interventions for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence. A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices’ [Online] Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
Norris, F., Galea, G., Friedman, M. Watson, P. (eds) (2006) Methods for Disaster Mental Health Research. NYC: The Guilford Press
Patel, V. (2003) Where There Is No Psychiatrist: A Mental Health Care Manual. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Peters, L. and Slade, T. (2004) ‘A Comparison of ICD10 and DSM-IV Criteria for Post-traumatic Stress’. Journal of Traumatic Stress, April, 1999, Vol:12(2), P:335-345
Resiliency in Action (2007) ‘Resiliency Quiz’ [Online] http://www.resiliency.com/htm/resiliencyquiz.htm
Ritchie, E., Watson, P., Friedman, M. (eds) (2005) Interventions Following Mass Violence and Disasters: Strategies for Mental Health Practice. NYC: The Guilford Press
SAMHSA (2007) ‘Psychological First Aid for First Responders: Tips for Emergency and Disaster Response Workers ‘ [Online] Available at: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/Disasterrelief/pubs/manemotion.asp
Psychosocial Network [Online] Available at: http://psychosocialnetwork.net/library
The Sphere Project (2007) ‘The Sphere Project – Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response – Mental and Social Aspects of Health’ [Online] Available at: http://www.sphereproject.org/
WHO (2003) Mental Health in Emergencies: Mental and Social Aspects of Populations Exposed to Extreme Stressors. Geneva: World Health Organisation
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WHO/UNHCR (1996) Mental Health of Refugees. Geneva: World Health Organisation http://whqlibdoc.who.int
WHO (2007) ‘WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 15th list, March 2007’ [Online] Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/EML15.pdf
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X. APPENDIX – Summary of Recent Mercy Psychosocial Activities
2005
Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia
Phase One: Emergency Response
Psychosocial Health Support: Psychosocial counselling to communities through mobile clinics continuing even after
people had moved to temporary accommodation Aim to restore normalcy; cleaning school compound and paint playground so that
classes could resume
Aceh, Indonesia
Phase one: Emergency Response
Psychosocial Health Support: Trauma counselling and mental health support Tent visits by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, art therapy and activities for women
and children Psychological first aid and debriefing
(Prof. Dr. Hatta Shahron)
Phase Two: Recovery and Rehabilitation
Mental Health Support Programmes at various IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps: Counselling Community Intervention Drawing and Story Telling Activities
Distress identified: PTSD symptoms with anxiety and depression Unresolved grief Major Depression
(Yasmin Majid)
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Feb 2005
Ampara, Sri Lanka
Phase one: Emergency Response
Psychosocial Health Support: Education programmes using interactive posters as education and psychosocial
materials shared with the community; posters later adapted and used by UNICEF for similar programmes
For children: art therapy and counselling. 500 out of the 2,000 survivors who were counselled by Mercy volunteers were children
Trauma counselling sessions for adult communities for bereavement and to strengthen coping mechanisms
Phase Two: Recovery and Rehabilitation
Mental Health and Support Psychosocial Programmes: Support the Kalmuni Hospitals Mental Health Unit; individual, family, group and
community counselling
Mental Health Support Training Programme: Psychosocial Education of ‘para-counsellors’ in recognising and counselling minor
psychological symptoms for long term benefits to local community Local volunteers were trained to provide counselling and facilitate the activities for
children and women in IDP camps 2 Phases; Basic and Advanced Family Support Workers training including:
o Counselling sessions (individually and group)o Crisis interventiono Grief managemento Team buildingo Self-help training & Child/adolescent training
Nov 2005
Pakistan
Phase One: Emergency Response
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Psychosocial Health Support: Issues included reactive depression and grief including anxiety, sleep disorders and
psychosomatic complaints
Dec 2005
Pakistan
Phase Two: Recovery and Rehabilitation
Psychosocial Health Support: Assisting Rawalpindi Military Hospital of Psychiatry’s Mental Health Relief Unit;
individual psychotherapy sessions at their field clinics and during our mobile clinics Psychological-education training to medical officers, female health workers, religious
leaders, teachers and District Hospital Quarters staff: assisting them in recognising and facilitating referrals of mental health cases to the mental health units in Bagh
Phase 3: Development and Capacity Building
No action
Jul & August 2006
KL
Training for trainers Stress Art Therapy
Jul – Sep 2006
Yogjakarta, Indonesia
Phase one: Emergency Response
Psychosocial First Aid (PSF): Immediate cases of post traumatic trauma
Phase Two: Recovery and Rehabilitation
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Mental Health Support: 9 schools in Bantul Psychosocial training for students and teachers: psychological response to disaster,
intervention during acute emergency and reconsolidation phases and psychosocial care for children
Training of trainers: undergraduates, school counsellors etc.
Mission: 11, 12, 13 & 14: Mission: 16 & 17: Mission 18: 21 Aug – 3 Sep 2006 (Full Report)
(Dr Affizal, Agung, Hermawan, Faley, Abdi, Yafit, Rahmah, Fitah, Runy: Rohani)
Nov 2006
Basic and advanced Psychosocial and Mental Health Intervention: 6 day training for 38 participants: staff members and volunteers, plus 5 from Islamic
Health Society (IHS) in Lebanon Aim to develop on-hand pool of skilled volunteers for emergency response unit
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