mesoamerica presentation

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Mesoamerica Mesoamerica – advanced native – advanced native civilizations of Central America – Maya, civilizations of Central America – Maya, Aztec and Inca. Aztec and Inca.

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Mesoamerica powerpoint for teaching 8th grade students

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Page 1: Mesoamerica Presentation

MesoamericaMesoamerica – advanced native – advanced native civilizations of Central America – Maya, Aztec civilizations of Central America – Maya, Aztec and Inca.and Inca.

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Where did humans first originate?Where did humans first originate? How did people first come to America?How did people first come to America?

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Maya Maya – 300 – 900 C.E bloody – 300 – 900 C.E bloody civilization on the Yucatan peninsula civilization on the Yucatan peninsula (Mexico).(Mexico).

Lived in the rainforest Lived in the rainforest and built cities in the and built cities in the junglejungle

*Gods fed on and *Gods fed on and survived on human survived on human blood– human blood– human sacrifice.sacrifice.

*Built pyramids*Built pyramids

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Huge cities – many cities. Huge cities – many cities. Some with over 40,000 Some with over 40,000 peoplepeople

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My sister’s been here!!!My sister’s been here!!! Chichen-ItzaChichen-Itza. . – – sacred Mayan sacred Mayan

religious center.religious center.

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Indent this under Chicken-ItzaIndent this under Chicken-ItzaPok-a-tokPok-a-tok – – sacred ball game of the sacred ball game of the

Maya. Maya. Using only head, knees and elbows get a rubber Using only head, knees and elbows get a rubber

ball through a hoop thirty feet off the ground. ball through a hoop thirty feet off the ground. Winners win great prizes. Winners win great prizes. Losers are sacrificed.Losers are sacrificed.

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Brutal but brilliantBrutal but brilliant

Hieroglyph writing system – Hieroglyph writing system – One of only five original writing One of only five original writing

systems invented.systems invented.

Maya math – used zero. Used a Maya math – used zero. Used a form of decimal system form of decimal system

= five = five = one = one

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Great astronomers - predict eclipses of sun and Great astronomers - predict eclipses of sun and moon. Believed the earth moved through cycles moon. Believed the earth moved through cycles of birth and destruction.of birth and destruction. December 23rd, 2012 – Mayan Day of December 23rd, 2012 – Mayan Day of

Doom Doom – The end of this cycle according to the – The end of this cycle according to the Maya.Maya.

Around 900 C.E. the Maya abandon their cities Around 900 C.E. the Maya abandon their cities and return to the jungle. No one knows why.and return to the jungle. No one knows why.

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Empire ruled by an Empire ruled by an emperoremperor

Capital city of CuzcoCapital city of Cuzco

Bodyguards wore Bodyguards wore golden armorgolden armor

•IncaInca - - 1200-1500 C.E. 2,500 mile long, 12 1200-1500 C.E. 2,500 mile long, 12 million people empire in the Andes Mountains million people empire in the Andes Mountains in S. America. in S. America.

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Farmed the Andes Mts.Farmed the Andes Mts. Lived and farmed Lived and farmed

on the sides of on the sides of mountains – mountains – potatoes and potatoes and corncorn

Terrace farming Terrace farming – cutting steps – cutting steps into mountain into mountain sides for sides for farming.farming.

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Inca never invented the Inca never invented the wheel!wheel!

Never invented the wheel – used Never invented the wheel – used llamas as work animal.llamas as work animal.

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Great road systemGreat road system Road systemRoad system – –

suspension bridges, way suspension bridges, way stations, runners to stations, runners to carry messages.carry messages.

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Coca leaf Coca leaf -- chew for a burst of chew for a burst of energy – like caffeine.energy – like caffeine.

CocaineCocaine

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No written languageNo written language QuipasQuipas – no written language – – no written language –

knots and colored ropes to keep knots and colored ropes to keep track of goods and records for track of goods and records for business.business.

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All Inca cities destroyed All Inca cities destroyed except…except…

Machu PicchuMachu Picchu – – religious city in the religious city in the clouds. clouds.

Not discovered until Not discovered until 1911.1911. 50 ton blocks cut 50 ton blocks cut

preciselyprecisely No mortar! No mortar!

Everything cut Everything cut perfectly.perfectly.

Incan mummies!Incan mummies! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK0PVKfN7M0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK0PVKfN7M0

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AztecsAztecs – 1200 – 1500 A.D. – – 1200 – 1500 A.D. – warlike empire conquered warlike empire conquered all of Mexico.all of Mexico.

HuitzilopochtliHuitzilopochtli – – sun sun and war god of the and war god of the Aztecs. Aztecs. Demanded constant Demanded constant feeding of human feeding of human blood.blood.

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FEEEEDDD!!!! MEEEEE!FEEEEDDD!!!! MEEEEE!

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Flowery DeathFlowery Death – the honor of – the honor of dying and feeding the god! dying and feeding the god!

Aztecs sacrificed sometimes Aztecs sacrificed sometimes thousands a day. thousands a day.

Some were volunteers. Others Some were volunteers. Others were captured from war.were captured from war.

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Aztecs conquer an Aztecs conquer an empireempire Obsidian swordsObsidian swords – didn’t have – didn’t have

metal. Made swords from volcanic metal. Made swords from volcanic rock obsidian. rock obsidian.

Extremely sharp swords but brittle. Also Extremely sharp swords but brittle. Also wore cotton quilt armor.wore cotton quilt armor.

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What do you do with an What do you do with an empire?empire?

TributeTribute – nation is forced to – nation is forced to pay heavy taxes to prevent pay heavy taxes to prevent invasion. invasion.

Gold and in captives for Gold and in captives for sacrifice. Aztecs were sacrifice. Aztecs were hatedhated by the people they ruled.by the people they ruled.

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Put all that cash into the Put all that cash into the Aztec capital city!!!!Aztec capital city!!!! TenochtitlanTenochtitlan –great capital city of the –great capital city of the

Aztecs built in the middle of a lake. Held Aztecs built in the middle of a lake. Held 300,000 people with canals for streets.300,000 people with canals for streets.

•Aqueducts Aqueducts brought water to brought water to the citythe city

•Hundreds of Hundreds of pyramids to pyramids to different gods. different gods. Some coated in Some coated in gold!gold!

•Where present Where present day Mexico City isday Mexico City is

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Spanish invasions!Spanish invasions!

ConquistadorsConquistadors: conquerors. : conquerors. Given the right by Spain to hunt for Given the right by Spain to hunt for treasure.treasure. keep 1/5 of all treasure found.keep 1/5 of all treasure found.

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What treasure be there?What treasure be there? El DoradoEl Dorado: legendary : legendary

7 cities of gold in the 7 cities of gold in the Americas.Americas.

Hernando CortezHernando Cortez – – Spanish conquistador who Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico in 1519 landed in Mexico in 1519 C.E. Has an army of 500 C.E. Has an army of 500 men, 16 horses and 14 men, 16 horses and 14 cannon. cannon.

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Conquer or die!Conquer or die! Cortes lands in Mexico. Burns his Cortes lands in Mexico. Burns his

ships.ships. Befriends native tribes.Befriends native tribes. Met by emissaries of the Aztecs. Met by emissaries of the Aztecs.

Cortes asks if they have any gold. Cortes asks if they have any gold. They say lots.They say lots.

““Bring it to us, for I and my Bring it to us, for I and my companions suffer from a disease of companions suffer from a disease of the heart that can only be cured by the heart that can only be cured by gold.”gold.”

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GREED!

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Cortez welcomed into Cortez welcomed into Tenochtitlan!Tenochtitlan!

MontezumaMontezuma: Aztec : Aztec emperor! Believes whites emperor! Believes whites represent powerful nation. represent powerful nation.

Cortes also shows up in the Cortes also shows up in the year of the god Quetzalcoatlyear of the god Quetzalcoatl

QuetzalcoatlQuetzalcoatl: white : white skinned god who once ruled skinned god who once ruled over the Aztecs. over the Aztecs.

Spanish have horses, guns, Spanish have horses, guns, and armor. Could Cortes and armor. Could Cortes be Quetzalcoatl? be Quetzalcoatl?

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Spanish horrified by sacrifice Spanish horrified by sacrifice and order it stopped. It is. and order it stopped. It is. Montezuma taken prisoner.Montezuma taken prisoner.

Months pass becomes Months pass becomes obvious Cortes just greedy obvious Cortes just greedy white guy. Aztecs chase white guy. Aztecs chase them out.them out.

A year later Cortes returns A year later Cortes returns with a native army of with a native army of 100,000. 100,000.

But, most of the Aztecs are But, most of the Aztecs are dead…dead…

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SmallpoxSmallpox

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PizarroPizarro: Conquistador : Conquistador who conquers the who conquers the Incas with 350 men. Incas with 350 men. Tons of Gold.Tons of Gold.

Gold, gold, gold flows Gold, gold, gold flows into Spain making into Spain making Spain a superpower. Spain a superpower.

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Spanish empire!Spanish empire!

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Columbian exchangeColumbian exchange – – gifts gifts exchanged by the Old World and the exchanged by the Old World and the New World.New World.

Europe getsEurope gets TomatoesTomatoes CornCorn PotatoesPotatoes SquashSquash ChocolateChocolate TobaccoTobacco

America getsAmerica gets SlaverySlavery SmallpoxSmallpox ConquestConquest HorsesHorses