mesopotamia the first river valley civilization. river valley civilizations the discovery of farming...
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MESOPOTAMIAThe First River Valley Civilization
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River Valley CivilizationsThe discovery of farming during the
Neolithic Revolution allowed nomadic people to settle into civilizations
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The world’s first civilizations all began in river valleys
The first civilization began in an area known
as Mesopotamia
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Mesopotamia means “land between the rivers” & is
often called the “Fertile Crescent” or as the “Cradle of Civilization”
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flooded once per year, leaving
behind fertile soil ideal for farming
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The first civilization developed in the Fertile Crescent: Sumer
But, surrounding deserts & the lack of natural barriers attracted outsiders to Mesopotamia
made the Sumerians vulnerable to attack
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Mesopotamia
■Mesopotamia (the land between 2 rivers), is a valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.■These rivers often overflow and leave
silt, which makes the soil rich for an agricultural society.
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Ancient City-States ■ Ancient Mesopotamia covered three general areas:■ Assyria■ Akkad■ Sumer■ Several different ethnicities lived in these areas.■ Mesopotamian civilization involved many peoples.■ The Sumerians developed the first Mesopotamian
civilization.
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Lasting Contributions ■Advanced cities:–Sumerian city-states were
protected by high walls–At the city center was a
temple called a ziggurat
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Lasting Contributions ■Specialized Workers:–At the top of society were
priests, and then kings
–In the middle were skilled workers, like merchants
–At the bottom, were common farmers & slaves
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Lasting Contributions ■Religion:–Sumerians & Babylonians
were polytheistic
–The Hebrews in Palestine were the 1st monotheistic faith in history (Judaism)–The holy book of Judaism is
the Torah; God gave Moses the Ten Commandments which serve as moral laws
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Lasting Contributions ■Government:–Babylonian King Hammurabi
created the first legal code–Hammurabi’s Code had 282
laws based on justice & retaliation (an eye for an eye)–The code had different
punishments for the various levels of society
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Lasting Contributions
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Lasting Contributions ■Writing:–Sumerians made the world’s
1st writing called cuneiform –Phoenicians simplified
cuneiform to a 22 letter alphabet–Phoenician merchants spread
the alphabet throughout the Mediterranean world–The alphabet influenced
Greek, Latin, & English
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Lasting Contributions ■Technology:–Sumerians inventions
include the wheel, sail, plow, & bronze metalwork
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ActivityCreate a booklet that with include the following information for the civilization.■Location ■Government ■Religion■Agriculture■Cultural/ scientific contributions■Social structure Thinking Questions■How does geographic location influence the development of Mesopotamia in a positive and negative way?■Which of the 5 characteristics of civilization is most important for Mesopotamia? (evaluate) ■How does Mesopotamia’s social structure reflect their values? How do these values differ from our values?
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Closure Activity
■Examine the following primary source documents and answer the questions. Write a paragraph answering the following question (give evidence from the documents): Was Hammurabi’s Code just?