metadata & controlled vocabulary
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Metadata and Controlled Vocabulary
Daryl L. SuperioSr. Information AssistantSEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Library
Presented at the Seminar Workshop
Organize IT Digitally, Open-Source Tools for your Library organized by ASLP/SEAFDEC AQD, May 15-17, 2013, Iloilo, Philippines
Metadata
Definition: structured data about an object that
supports functions associated with the designated object (J. Greenberg, 2003) structured data, implies a systematic ordering of
data according to a metadata schema specification
object is any entity, form, or mode for which contextual data can be recorded
functions associated with the designated object, emphasizes on the ability of metadata to support the activities and behaviors of an object
Metadata Definition:
the sum total of what one can say about any information object at any level of aggregation (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
all information objects, regardless of the physical or intellectual form they take, have three features Content
relates to what the object contains or is about Context
indicates the who, what, why, where, and how aspects associated with the object’s creation
Structure relates to the formal set of associations within or among
individual information objects
The Catalogs
OPACCatalog Card
Metadata Creation and Cataloging
Similarities (J. Greenberg, 2003)
same goal, to produce a set of structured descriptive data that will facilitate object discovery and other desired functions
web oriented metadata schemas are similar to traditional cataloging and indexing standards
web-oriented metadata schemas have adopted and promote the use of attribute value schemas (e.g., controlled vocabulary, classificatory system, etc.)
Difference (R. Heery, 1996)
metadata contain location information within the record, which to allow direct document delivery from appropriate application software
Different Types of Metadata and their Functions (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Administrative Descriptive Preservation Technical Use
Different Types of Metadata and their Functions (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Administrative used in managing and administering
collections and information resources Examples. Acquisition information; Rights and
reproduction tracking; Documentation of legal access requirements; Location information; Selection criteria for digitization
Descriptive used to identify and describe collections and
related information resources Examples. Cataloging records; Finding aids;
Differentiations between versions; Annotations by creators and users
Different Types of Metadata and their Functions (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Preservation related to the preservation management of
collections and information resources Examples. Documentation of physical condition of
resources; Documentation of actions taken to preserve physical and digital versions of resources, e.g., data refreshing and migration
Technical related to how a system functions or
metadata behaves Examples. Hardware and software documentation; Technical
digitization information, e.g., formats, compression ratios, scaling routines; Authentication and security data, e.g., encryption keys, passwords
Different Types of Metadata and their Functions (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Use related to the level and type of use of
collections and information resources Examples. Circulation records; Use and user
tracking; Search logs
Primary Functions of Metadata (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Organization and description Validation Searching and retrieval Utilization and preservation Disposition
Increased accessibility Expanding use System development and
enhancement Legal issues Preservation and persistence System improvement and economics
Importance of Metadata (A.J. Gilliland,
2008)
Facts about Metadata (A.J. Gilliland, 2008)
Metadata does not have to be digital Metadata relates to more than the
description of an object Metadata can come from a variety of
sources Metadata continues to accrue during
the life of an information object or system
Metadata Scheme (J. Greenberg, 2005)
a collection of metadata elements gathered to support a function, or a series of functions for an information object
a collection of metadata elements, forming a structured container, to which data values are added
a collection of data elements, with their attributes formalized in a specification (or a data dictionary)
Metadata Schemas Dublin Core
consist of 15 elements that can be used to describe the content on information resource, the information resource itself and to identify the individual responsible for the creation of the resource
The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) develop guidelines for marking up electronic
texts such as novels, plays, and poetry, primarily to support research in the humanities
Metadata Schemas Metadata Encoding and Transmission
Standard (METS) developed to fill the need for a standard data
structure for describing complex digital library objects
METS is an XML Schema Metadata Object Description Schema
(MODS) is a descriptive metadata schema that is a
derivative of MARC 21 and intended to either carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records or enable the creation of original resource description records
Dublin Core (DC)
a metadata standard consisting of 15 information elements for describing networked resource
includes typical bibliographic elements e.g. title, creator, publisher, etc.
includes elements that are related to networked resources e.g. type and format of resource
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Contributor an entity responsible for making
contributions to the resource Coverage
the spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Creator an entity primarily responsible for
making the resource Date
a point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Description an account of the resource
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Format the file format, physical medium, or
dimensions of the resource Identifier
an unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Language a language of the resource recommended best practice is to use a
controlled vocabulary
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Publisher an entity responsible for making the
resource available Relation
related resource Rights
information about rights held in and over the resource
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Source related resource from which the
described resource is derived Subject
topic of the resource he subject will be represented using
keywords, key phrases, or classification codes.
recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary
Title a name given to the resource
Type nature or genre of the resource
Elements of DC Metadata Set
Quality Metadata
is a shareable metadata content is optimized for sharing metadata within shared collections
reflects consistent practices coherent context is provided communication between service
providers and data providers must conform with the recognized
standards
Controlled Vocabulary
established list of preferred terms from which a cataloger or indexer must select when assigning subject headings or descriptors in a bibliographic record, to indicate a content of a work in a library catalog, index or bibliographic detabase Examples:
LCSH; Sears List; ASFA Thesaurus; FAO Agrovoc;Art and Architecture Thesaurus
The Importance of Controlled Vocabularies
Consistency Accuracy Interoperability Enhancement of searches and
discovery Efficient use of time
Reference List Gilliland, A.J. (2008). Setting the stage. In Introduction to Metadata (2nd ed.)
(pp. 1-19). Greenberg, J. (2003). Metadata and the World Wide Web. In Encyclopedia of
Library and Information Science (pp. 1876-1888). New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
Greenberg, J. (2005). Understanding metadata and metadata schemes. Cataloging &Classification Quarterly, 40(3-4), 17-36.
Heery, R. (1996). Review of metadata formats. Program: electronic library and information systems, 30(4), 345-373.
NISO. (2004). Understanding metadata. Bethesda, MD: NISO. Shreeves, S. L., Riley, J., & Milewicz, L. (2006). Moving towards shareable
metadata. First Monday, 11(8). Retrieved 12 May 2013 from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/1386
Taylor, S. (2010). An introduction to Dublin Core . Retrieved 14 May 2013 from http://dublincore.org/resources/training/dc-2011/Tutorial_Taylor.pdf