metal fibre based dpf for wide range of applications · • composite of fecralloy® fibers with...
TRANSCRIPT
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Metal Fibre Based DPF for Wide Range of Applications
Feng MEIN.V. Bekaert S.A.
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -2-
• Technical profile of Bekipor®• Flexibility of Bekipor® in DPF applications• Developing and Optimizing by Modeling• Field testing• Conclusion
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -3-
Technical Profile - Material Structure
• Composite of FECRALLOY® fibers with various size and porosity fully subject to design
• Porosity: up to 93%MonoMono--layerlayer
cross section cross section A nonA non--woven sintered labyrinthwoven sintered labyrinth ThreeThree--layerlayer
cross sectioncross section
Microscope of Bekipor® mediaMicroscope of Bekipor® media
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Technical Profile - Fluid-dynamic Property
• Air permeability of Bekipor® media heavily depends on the specific structure. A typical value ranges from 1.4x10-11 m2 to 2.0x10-10 m2 under clean air condition
Pressure drop at clean air condition as a function of face velocity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 50 100 150 200 250
Face velocity ( cm/s )
Pre
ssu
re d
rop
( m
bar
) NPF0065NPF0201NPF0202
The air permeability of most Bekipor® media drops somewhere within these curves
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Technical Profile - Thermophysical Properties
Density: 700 - 2800 kg/m3
Specific heat capacity: about 460 J/kgEmissivity: >= 0.7 Working temperature: up to 1000 °C Electrical resistivity* : 1.39 ohms.mm2/m
* FECRALLOY® at 20°C
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Technical Profile - Ductilitys t ress - de fo rma t i on cha r t : N P F 0 0 6 5
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2 , 0 2 , 5 3 , 0
% d e f o r m a t i o n
str
es
s
(N
/mm
wid
th)
material : NPF0065, Testing results:deformation at room temperature > 2%
Bekipor® can survive substantial deformation without being demaged
Tensile Tests (room temperature)
Tensile Tests (room temperature)
Break point
force - deformation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
deformation (mm)
forc
e (N
)koud vorm B / NPF0075A/414
warm B/NPF0075A/417
Compressing testsCompressing testsRoom temperature
600 °C
Test Force
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Data & Facts:
Destroying Testing in Vehicle Research Inst., Univ. of Applied Sciences Dresdenunder the following condition:
• 48 hours continuous operation• Loading to 900 mbar• Regenerating by adding additives
No damage identified on Bekipor® DPFNo damage identified on Bekipor® DPF
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -8-
Technical Profile - Corrosion resistance
Intensive corrosion investigations have been done both internally (Bekaert Technology Center) and externally (Vehicle Research Inst. Univ. of Applied Sciences Dresden), which come up with the same conclusion:
The corrosion resistance of Bekipor®is high enough to be applied for
diesel exhaust aftertreatment
The corrosion resistance of Bekipor®is high enough to be applied for
diesel exhaust aftertreatment
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -9-
Corrosion experiments conducted by Univ. of Applied Sciences Dresden:
No substantial mass loss has been found under the
specified corrosive environment
Data & Facts:
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -10-
Flexibility in DPF applications
The material properties enable high flexibility of Bekipor® in DPM aftertreatment applications
– Flexible to apply various regeneration strategies
– Flexible to be shaped into various geometries– Flexible to customize filtration performance by
application – Flexible to the positioning of filter
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Flexibility in DPF applications - Regeneration
Electrical heating: high sulfur fuel or low exhaust temperature applications
Catalyst coating
Hybrid strategy: Combining two or more techniques in one filtration system
Heating by External CombustionHeating by External Combustion
Adding additivesAdding additives
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The stack to be regenerated is partially shut off when pressure reaches threshold
Filter stack 1
Filter stack 2
Data & Facts:
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Flexibility in DPF applications - shaping
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Flexibility in DPF applications –customizing filtration perfomance by applications
Filtration mechanisms, e.g., wall flowfiltration, deep-bed filtration or mix, can be customized according to user’s regeneration strategy and engine performance
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -15-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Flexibility in DPF applications - filter positioning
This indicates that despite its very porous structure, Bekipor® would also perform well when positioning very close to the engine, where PM sizes are generally smaller but temperature are quite higher.
Nanoparticle Measurement with SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer)Engine: PSA DW12ATED/EUROIII, Trap: Bekaert PF-Round (0,6 m2)
0.E+00
1.E+07
2.E+07
3.E+07
4.E+07
5.E+07
6.E+07
7.E+07
17
19
22
26
30
35
40
46
53
62
71
82
95
109
126
146
168
195
225
259
300
346
400
461
533
Co
nc.
dW
/dlo
g(D
p) [
P/c
m³]
0.E+00
1.E+06
2.E+06
3.E+06
4.E+06
5.E+06
6.E+06
7.E+06
afte
r tr
ap C
on
c. d
W/d
log
(Dp
) [P
/cm
³]
before Trap
after TrapEmission before filter
AVG PM reduction : 95%
Emission after filter
Nanoparticle Measurement with SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer)Engine: PSA DW12ATED/EUROIII, Trap: Bekaert PF-Round (0,6 m2)
0.E+00
1.E+07
2.E+07
3.E+07
4.E+07
5.E+07
6.E+07
7.E+07
17
19
22
26
30
35
40
46
53
62
71
82
95
109
126
146
168
195
225
259
300
346
400
461
533
Co
nc.
dW
/dlo
g(D
p) [
P/c
m³]
0.E+00
1.E+06
2.E+06
3.E+06
4.E+06
5.E+06
6.E+06
7.E+06
afte
r tr
ap C
on
c. d
W/d
log
(Dp
) [P
/cm
³]
before Trap
after Trap
Nanoparticle Measurement with SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer)Engine: PSA DW12ATED/EUROIII, Trap: Bekaert PF-Round (0,6 m2)
0.E+00
1.E+07
2.E+07
3.E+07
4.E+07
5.E+07
6.E+07
7.E+07
17
19
22
26
30
35
40
46
53
62
71
82
95
109
126
146
168
195
225
259
300
346
400
461
533
Co
nc.
dW
/dlo
g(D
p) [
P/c
m³]
0.E+00
1.E+06
2.E+06
3.E+06
4.E+06
5.E+06
6.E+06
7.E+06
afte
r tr
ap C
on
c. d
W/d
log
(Dp
) [P
/cm
³]
before Trap
after TrapEmission before filter
AVG PM reduction : 95%
Emission after filter
The simulation shows that PM size distributions has no major impact to the filtration performance
Measurement at Univ. of Applied Sciences, Dresden
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -16-
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 500 1000 1500Time (sec)
Pre
ss
ure
dro
p, D
P (
mb
ar)
experimentsimulation
Developing & Optimizing by Modeling
Modeling at Media Level
In cooperation with CERTH/CPERI, Greece Modeling at Filter level
Modeling at System Level
CFD and other modeling techniques are extensively applied at all levels to optimize and upgrade performances
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -17-
Field Testing
Road grader (John Deere) :Road grader (John Deere) : Stationary Gensets :Stationary Gensets :Lombardini Lombardini CumminsCummins
Forklifts : Forklifts : Hyster Hyster with Perkins enginewith Perkins engine
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• Material robustness: no damage found under
– Working temperature up to 1000°C;
– Heating/cooling rate ~100 °C/s
– 2-3 % deformation by tensile/compressive stress
• Filtration performance flexibility: subject to needs of customers
– 90% mean efficiency achievable at up to 240 cm/s face velocity and 27 mbar initial backpressure
– Bearable backpressure 900mbar
• Regeneration strategy flexibility: subject to needs of customers
– Active mode (electricity, external combustion)
– Passive mode (catalyst, additives)
– Mix (active + passive)
ConclusionInvestigations find Bekipor® filters robust and flexible
≥
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6th ETH Conference 19-21/08 -19-
Conclusion (cont’d)
• from very low to very high exhaust temperature;
• from very low to very high backpressure constraints;
• involved with severe mechanical vibration and/or thermal instability
• using high sulfur fuel
• of special needs in filter geometry
• demanding in easy reshaping or resizing
The robustness and flexibility make Bekipor® possible to be applied in wide range of DPF activities which are: