metals and non-metals - wifistudy.com · non-metals/अधातु: the elements which are...
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Metals and Non-metals
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Aqua Regia : is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a yellow-orange fuming liquid, so named by alchemists because it can dissolve the noble metals gold and platinum, अम्रयाज: नाइट्रिक एसिड औय हाइड्रोक्रोरयक एसिड का सभश्रण है, जो कक 1: 3 के अनुऩात भें होते है। एक्वा येजजमा एक ऩीरे-नायंगी फ्मूसभगं तयर है, मह िोने औय प्रैट्रिनभ को गरा िकता है|
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Non-metals/अधातु:
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Non-metals/अधातु:The elements which are brittle, dull cannot be beaten into sheets or drawn into wires and are poor conductors of heat and electricity are generally non-metals. For example: oxygen and nitrogen occur in Free State in air and in combined state in earth’s crust. Sulphur occurs both in free and the combined state in earth’s crust.मे तत्व बगंयु हैं, चादयों भें नह ं ऩीिा जा िकता है मा ताय के रूऩ भें नह खींचा जा िकता है औय वे ऊष्भा औय ववद्धुत के कुचारक हैं । उदाहयण के सरए: ऑक्िीजन औय नाइिोजन हवा भें भकु्त अवस्था भें औय ऩथृ्वी की ऩऩडी भें िमंुक्त अवस्था भें होते हैं। िल्पय बऩूऩपि भें दोनों स्वतंत्र औय िमंुक्त अवस्था भें ऩामी जाती है।
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The noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon occurs only in Free State.नोफर गैिें, ह सरमभ, ननमोन, आगपन, किप्िन, जीनोन केवर भुक्त अवस्था भें ऩामी जाती हैं।
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Physical properties of Non-metals/अधातु के बौनतक गुण:Non-metals are gases or solid at room temperature, except bromine which is liquid at room temperature.गैय-धातुएं कभये के ताऩभान ऩय गैि मा ठोि होती हैं, अऩवाद- - ब्रोभीन के जो कभये के ताऩभान ऩय तयर होती है।
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Non-metals do not have luster except iodine and graphite.गैय-धातुओ ंभें आमोडीन औय गे्रपाइि को छोडकय चभक नह ं होती है।Non-metals have low melting point and boiling point.अधातुओ ंका गरनांक औय क्वथनांक कभ होता है।
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They are bad conductor of heat and electricity.गभी औय बफजर के कुचारक होते हैं।Non-metals are brittle that is they are neither malleable nor ductile.अधातुएं बंगुय होती हैं ,जो वे न तो आघातवधपनीम हैं औय न ह तन्म होती हैं।They usually have low densities.िभान्मत् ऩय कभ घनत्व वारे होते हैं।
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3.Reaction of Non-metals with Dilute Acids अधातुओ ंकी तनु अम्रों के िाथ प्रनतकिमाNon-metals do not react with dilute acids and don’t displace hydrogen from dilute acids, because non-metals are electron acceptor. So, they cannot supply electrons to H+ ions. So, they do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids.अधातुएं तनु अम्रों के िाथ प्रनतकिमा नह ं कयती हैं औय तनु अम्रों िे हाइड्रोजन को ववस्थावऩत नह ं कयती हैं, क्मोंकक अधातुएं इरेक्िॉन ग्राह होते हैं। इिसरए, वे H + आमनों को इरेक्िॉनों की आऩूनतप नह ं कय िकते हैं। तो, वे हाइड्रोजन को तनु अम्रों िे ववस्थावऩत नह ं कयते हैं।
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4.Reaction of Non-metals with Chlorine अधातुओं की क्रोय न के िाथ प्रनतकिमाNon-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides.
H2 + Cl2 2HClHydrogen Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
P4 + 6Cl2 4PCl3
Phosphorous Chlorine Phosphorous trichloride
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Comparison of
Physical properties
of Metals and
Non-Metals.
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Comparison of Chemical
Properties of metals and
Non-Metals
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